Mrs Lindsey Axe BSc
Senior Research Technician
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences
- Axe@cardiff.ac.uk
- +44 29208 74310
- Main Building, Floor First, Room 1.15, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT
Overview
Interests
- light microscopy and imaging
- scanning electron microscopy
- Silurian/Devonian palaeobotany
Publication
2022
- Edwards, D., Morris, J. L., Axe, L., Taylor, W. A., Duckett, J. G., Kenrick, P. and Pressel, S. 2022. Earliest record of transfer cells in Lower Devonian plants. New Phytologist 233(3), pp. 1456-1465. (10.1111/nph.17704)
- Edwards, D., Morris, J. L., Axe, L., Duckett, J. G., Pressel, S. and Kenrick, P. 2022. Piecing together the eophytes - a new group of ancient plants containing cryptospores. New Phytologist 233(3), pp. 1440-1455. (10.1111/nph.17703)
- Edwards, D., Morris, J. L., Axe, L. and Duckett, J. G. 2022. Picking up the pieces: New charcoalified plant mesofossils (eophytes) from a Lower Devonian Lagerst?tte in the Welsh Borderland, UK. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 297, article number: 104567. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104567)
2020
- Edwards, D., Axe, L., Morris, J. L., Boddy, L. and Selden, P. 2020. Further evidence for fungivory in the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland, UK. PalZ. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 94, pp. 603-618. (10.1007/s12542-019-00503-9)
2018
- Edwards, D., Honegger, R., Axe, L. and Morris, J. L. 2018. Anatomically preserved Silurian 'nematophytes' from the Welsh Borderland (UK). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 187(2), pp. 272-291. (10.1093/botlinnean/boy022)
- Honegger, R., Edwards, D., Axe, L. and Strullu-Derrien, C. 2018. Fertile Prototaxites taiti: a basal ascomycete with inoperculate, polysporous asci lacking croziers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373(1739), article number: 20170146. (10.1098/rstb.2017.0146)
2013
- Edwards, D., Axe, L. and Honegger, R. 2013. Contributions to the diversity in cryptogamic covers in the mid-Palaeozoic: 'Nematothallus' revisited. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 173(4), pp. 505-534. (10.1111/boj.12119)
- Honegger, R., Axe, L. and Edwards, D. 2013. Bacterial epibionts and endolichenic actinobacteria and fungi in the Lower Devonian lichen Chlorolichenomycites salopensis. Fungal Biology 117(7-8), pp. 512-518. (10.1016/j.funbio.2013.05.003)
- Honegger, R., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2013. The earliest records of internally stratified cyanobacterial and algal lichens from the Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. New Phytologist 197(1), pp. 264-275. (10.1111/nph.12009)
2012
- Morris, J., Edwards, D., Richardson, J. B., Axe, L. and Davies, K. L. 2012. Further insights into trilete spore producers from the Early Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland, U.K.. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 185, pp. 35-63. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.08.001)
- Morris, J., Edwards, D., Richardson, J. B. and Axe, L. 2012. New dyad-producing plants from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland.. Botanical Journal- Linnean Society 169(4), pp. 569-595. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01231.x)
- Edwards, D., Richardson, J. B., Axe, L. and Davies, K. L. 2012. A new group of Early Devonian plants with valvate sporangia containing sculptured permanent dyads. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 168(3), pp. 229-257. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01207.x)
- Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2012. Evidence for a fungal affinity for Nematasketum, a close ally of Prototaxites. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 168(1), pp. 1-18. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01195.x)
- Edwards, D., Morris, J. L., Richardson, J. B., Axe, L. and Davies, K. L. 2012. Notes on sporangia and spore masses containing tetrads or monads from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland, U.K.. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 179, pp. 56-85. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.03.008)
- Edwards, D., Selden, P. A. and Axe, L. 2012. Selective Feeding in an Early Devonian Terrestrial Ecosystem. Palaios 27(7), pp. 509-522. (10.2110/palo.2011.p11-094r)
2011
- Morris, J. L., Edwards, D., Richardson, J. B., Axe, L. and Davies, K. L. 2011. New plant taxa from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland, with a hypothesis on the relationship between hilate and trilete spore producers. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 167(1-2), pp. 51-81. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2011.06.007)
- Morris, J. L., Edwards, D., Richardson, J. B. and Axe, L. 2011. Small is beautiful: investigations into Early Devonian plant mesofossils from the Welsh borderland, UK. Presented at: The Palaeontological Association 55th Annual Meeting, Plymouth, UK, 17-20 December 2011.
2009
- Edwards, D., Axe, L., Poire, D. G., Morel, E. M., Bassett, M. . and Cingolani, C. A. 2009. Enigmatic fossils from the Upper Silurian of Bolivia: evidence for marine productivity in high-latitude Gondwana. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 325(1), pp. 177-200. (10.1144/SP325.10)
2006
- Edwards, D., Axe, L., Parkes, R. J. and Rickard, D. T. 2006. Provenance and age of bacteria-like structures on mid-Palaeozoic plant fossils. International Journal of Astrobiology 5(2), pp. 109-142. (10.1017/S147355040600303X)
- Glasspool, I. J., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2006. Charcoal in the Early Devonian: A wildfire-derived Konservat–Lagerstätte. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 142(3-4), pp. 131-136. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.03.021)
2004
- Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2004. Anatomical evidence in the detection of the earliest wildfires. Palaios 19(2), pp. 113-128. (10.1669/0883-1351(2004)019<0113:AEITDO>2.0.CO;2)
- Glasspool, I. J., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2004. Charcoal in the Silurian as evidence for the earliest wildfire. Geology 32(5), pp. 381-383. (10.1130/G20363.1)
2003
- Edwards, D., Axe, L. and Duckett, J. G. 2003. Diversity in conducting cells in early land plants and comparisons with extant bryophytes. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141(3), pp. 297-347. (10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00153.x)
2002
- Habgood, K. S., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2002. New perspectives on Cooksonia from the Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 139(4), pp. 339-359. (10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00073.x)
- Rogerson, C., Edwards, D., Axe, L. and Davies, K. L. 2002. A new embryophyte from the Upper Silurian of Shropshire, England. In: Studies in Palaeozoic Palaeontology and Biostratigraphy in Honour of Charles Hepworth Holland. Special Papers in Palaeontology Vol. 67. Aberystwyth: Palaeontological Association, pp. 233-249.
2001
- Edwards, D., Axe, L. and Mendez, E. 2001. A new genus for isolated bivalved sporangia with thickened margins from the Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 137(3), pp. 297-310. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb01125.x)
2000
- Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2000. Novel conducting tissues in Lower Devonian plants. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 134(1-2), pp. 383-399. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2000.tb02359.x)
1999
- Edwards, D., Wellman, C. H. and Axe, L. 1999. Tetrads in sporangia and spore masses from the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 130(2), pp. 111-156. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00515.x)
- Wellman, C. H. and Axe, L. 1999. Extracting plant mesofossils and megafossils by bulk acid maceration. In: Jones, T. P. and Rowe, N. P. eds. Fossil Plants and Spores: modern techniques. Bath: Geological Society of London, pp. 11-14.
1998
- Wellman, C. H., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 1998. Ultrastructure of laevigate hilate spores in sporangia and spore masses from the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences 353(1378), pp. 1983-2004.
- Wellman, C. H., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 1998. Permanent dyads in sporangia and spore masses from the Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 127(2), pp. 117-147. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.1998.tb02092.x)
- Edwards, D., Wellman, C. and Axe, L. 1998. The fossil record of early land plants and interrelationships between primitive embryophytes: too little and too late?. In: Bates, J. W., Ashton, N. W. and Duckett, J. G. eds. Bryology for the Twenty-First Century. Leeds: British Bryological Society (Maney Publishing), pp. 15-43.
1996
- Wellman, C. H., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 1996. Curation of exceptionally preserved early land plant fossils: problems and solutions. Curator: The Museum Journal 39(3), pp. 209-216. (10.1111/j.2151-6952.1996.tb01094.x)
- Edwards, D., Davies, K. L., Richardson, J. B., Wellman, C. H. and Axe, L. 1996. Ultrastructure of synorisporites downtonensis and retusotriletes cf. coronadus in spore masses from the Pridoli of the Welsh Borderland. Palaeontology 39(3), pp. 783-800.
1995
- Edwards, D., Selden, P. A., Richardson, J. B. and Axe, L. 1995. Coprolites as evidence for plant–animal interaction in Siluro–Devonian terrestrial ecosystems. Nature 377(6547), pp. 329-331. (10.1038/377329a0)
- Edwards, D., Fanning, U., Davies, K. L., Axe, L. and Richardson, J. B. 1995. Exceptional preservation in Lower Devonian coalified fossils from the Welsh Borderland: a new genus based on reniform sporangia lacking thickened borders. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 117(3), pp. 233-254. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.1995.tb00454.x)
- Edwards, D., Davies, K. L., Richardson, J. B. and Axe, L. 1995. The ultrastructure of spores of Cooksonia pertoni. Palaeontology 38(1), pp. 153-168.
1992
- Edwards, D., Davies, K. L. and Axe, L. 1992. A vascular conducting strand in the early land plant Cooksonia. Nature 357(6380), pp. 683-685. (10.1038/357683a0)
- Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 1992. Stomata and mechanics of stomatal functioning in some early land plants. Presented at: International Symposium on Palaeobotany "Anatomical Investigations of Plant Fossils": 3rd International Senckenberg Conference, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 1990 Presented at Schaarschmidt, F. ed.International Symposium on Palaeobotany "Anatomical Investigations of Plant Fossils": 3rd International Senckenberg Conference Frankfurt am Main 1990. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg Vol. 147. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart und Borntraeger pp. 59-73.
1986
- Edwards, D., Rose, V., Axe, L. and Kenrick, P. 1986. Studies on Lower Devonian petrifactions from Britain, 3. Notes on putative fungal remains in zosterophylls from the Brecon Beacons, Powys, South Wales. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 48(1-3), pp. 241-251. (10.1016/0034-6667(86)90060-6)
Adrannau llyfrau
- Rogerson, C., Edwards, D., Axe, L. and Davies, K. L. 2002. A new embryophyte from the Upper Silurian of Shropshire, England. In: Studies in Palaeozoic Palaeontology and Biostratigraphy in Honour of Charles Hepworth Holland. Special Papers in Palaeontology Vol. 67. Aberystwyth: Palaeontological Association, pp. 233-249.
- Wellman, C. H. and Axe, L. 1999. Extracting plant mesofossils and megafossils by bulk acid maceration. In: Jones, T. P. and Rowe, N. P. eds. Fossil Plants and Spores: modern techniques. Bath: Geological Society of London, pp. 11-14.
- Edwards, D., Wellman, C. and Axe, L. 1998. The fossil record of early land plants and interrelationships between primitive embryophytes: too little and too late?. In: Bates, J. W., Ashton, N. W. and Duckett, J. G. eds. Bryology for the Twenty-First Century. Leeds: British Bryological Society (Maney Publishing), pp. 15-43.
Cynadleddau
- Morris, J. L., Edwards, D., Richardson, J. B. and Axe, L. 2011. Small is beautiful: investigations into Early Devonian plant mesofossils from the Welsh borderland, UK. Presented at: The Palaeontological Association 55th Annual Meeting, Plymouth, UK, 17-20 December 2011.
- Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 1992. Stomata and mechanics of stomatal functioning in some early land plants. Presented at: International Symposium on Palaeobotany "Anatomical Investigations of Plant Fossils": 3rd International Senckenberg Conference, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 1990 Presented at Schaarschmidt, F. ed.International Symposium on Palaeobotany "Anatomical Investigations of Plant Fossils": 3rd International Senckenberg Conference Frankfurt am Main 1990. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg Vol. 147. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart und Borntraeger pp. 59-73.
Erthyglau
- Edwards, D., Morris, J. L., Axe, L., Taylor, W. A., Duckett, J. G., Kenrick, P. and Pressel, S. 2022. Earliest record of transfer cells in Lower Devonian plants. New Phytologist 233(3), pp. 1456-1465. (10.1111/nph.17704)
- Edwards, D., Morris, J. L., Axe, L., Duckett, J. G., Pressel, S. and Kenrick, P. 2022. Piecing together the eophytes - a new group of ancient plants containing cryptospores. New Phytologist 233(3), pp. 1440-1455. (10.1111/nph.17703)
- Edwards, D., Morris, J. L., Axe, L. and Duckett, J. G. 2022. Picking up the pieces: New charcoalified plant mesofossils (eophytes) from a Lower Devonian Lagerst?tte in the Welsh Borderland, UK. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 297, article number: 104567. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104567)
- Edwards, D., Axe, L., Morris, J. L., Boddy, L. and Selden, P. 2020. Further evidence for fungivory in the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland, UK. PalZ. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 94, pp. 603-618. (10.1007/s12542-019-00503-9)
- Edwards, D., Honegger, R., Axe, L. and Morris, J. L. 2018. Anatomically preserved Silurian 'nematophytes' from the Welsh Borderland (UK). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 187(2), pp. 272-291. (10.1093/botlinnean/boy022)
- Honegger, R., Edwards, D., Axe, L. and Strullu-Derrien, C. 2018. Fertile Prototaxites taiti: a basal ascomycete with inoperculate, polysporous asci lacking croziers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373(1739), article number: 20170146. (10.1098/rstb.2017.0146)
- Edwards, D., Axe, L. and Honegger, R. 2013. Contributions to the diversity in cryptogamic covers in the mid-Palaeozoic: 'Nematothallus' revisited. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 173(4), pp. 505-534. (10.1111/boj.12119)
- Honegger, R., Axe, L. and Edwards, D. 2013. Bacterial epibionts and endolichenic actinobacteria and fungi in the Lower Devonian lichen Chlorolichenomycites salopensis. Fungal Biology 117(7-8), pp. 512-518. (10.1016/j.funbio.2013.05.003)
- Honegger, R., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2013. The earliest records of internally stratified cyanobacterial and algal lichens from the Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. New Phytologist 197(1), pp. 264-275. (10.1111/nph.12009)
- Morris, J., Edwards, D., Richardson, J. B., Axe, L. and Davies, K. L. 2012. Further insights into trilete spore producers from the Early Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland, U.K.. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 185, pp. 35-63. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.08.001)
- Morris, J., Edwards, D., Richardson, J. B. and Axe, L. 2012. New dyad-producing plants from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland.. Botanical Journal- Linnean Society 169(4), pp. 569-595. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01231.x)
- Edwards, D., Richardson, J. B., Axe, L. and Davies, K. L. 2012. A new group of Early Devonian plants with valvate sporangia containing sculptured permanent dyads. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 168(3), pp. 229-257. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01207.x)
- Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2012. Evidence for a fungal affinity for Nematasketum, a close ally of Prototaxites. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 168(1), pp. 1-18. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01195.x)
- Edwards, D., Morris, J. L., Richardson, J. B., Axe, L. and Davies, K. L. 2012. Notes on sporangia and spore masses containing tetrads or monads from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland, U.K.. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 179, pp. 56-85. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.03.008)
- Edwards, D., Selden, P. A. and Axe, L. 2012. Selective Feeding in an Early Devonian Terrestrial Ecosystem. Palaios 27(7), pp. 509-522. (10.2110/palo.2011.p11-094r)
- Morris, J. L., Edwards, D., Richardson, J. B., Axe, L. and Davies, K. L. 2011. New plant taxa from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland, with a hypothesis on the relationship between hilate and trilete spore producers. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 167(1-2), pp. 51-81. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2011.06.007)
- Edwards, D., Axe, L., Poire, D. G., Morel, E. M., Bassett, M. . and Cingolani, C. A. 2009. Enigmatic fossils from the Upper Silurian of Bolivia: evidence for marine productivity in high-latitude Gondwana. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 325(1), pp. 177-200. (10.1144/SP325.10)
- Edwards, D., Axe, L., Parkes, R. J. and Rickard, D. T. 2006. Provenance and age of bacteria-like structures on mid-Palaeozoic plant fossils. International Journal of Astrobiology 5(2), pp. 109-142. (10.1017/S147355040600303X)
- Glasspool, I. J., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2006. Charcoal in the Early Devonian: A wildfire-derived Konservat–Lagerstätte. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 142(3-4), pp. 131-136. (10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.03.021)
- Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2004. Anatomical evidence in the detection of the earliest wildfires. Palaios 19(2), pp. 113-128. (10.1669/0883-1351(2004)019<0113:AEITDO>2.0.CO;2)
- Glasspool, I. J., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2004. Charcoal in the Silurian as evidence for the earliest wildfire. Geology 32(5), pp. 381-383. (10.1130/G20363.1)
- Edwards, D., Axe, L. and Duckett, J. G. 2003. Diversity in conducting cells in early land plants and comparisons with extant bryophytes. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141(3), pp. 297-347. (10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00153.x)
- Habgood, K. S., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2002. New perspectives on Cooksonia from the Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 139(4), pp. 339-359. (10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00073.x)
- Edwards, D., Axe, L. and Mendez, E. 2001. A new genus for isolated bivalved sporangia with thickened margins from the Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 137(3), pp. 297-310. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb01125.x)
- Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 2000. Novel conducting tissues in Lower Devonian plants. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 134(1-2), pp. 383-399. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.2000.tb02359.x)
- Edwards, D., Wellman, C. H. and Axe, L. 1999. Tetrads in sporangia and spore masses from the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 130(2), pp. 111-156. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00515.x)
- Wellman, C. H., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 1998. Ultrastructure of laevigate hilate spores in sporangia and spore masses from the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences 353(1378), pp. 1983-2004.
- Wellman, C. H., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 1998. Permanent dyads in sporangia and spore masses from the Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 127(2), pp. 117-147. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.1998.tb02092.x)
- Wellman, C. H., Edwards, D. and Axe, L. 1996. Curation of exceptionally preserved early land plant fossils: problems and solutions. Curator: The Museum Journal 39(3), pp. 209-216. (10.1111/j.2151-6952.1996.tb01094.x)
- Edwards, D., Davies, K. L., Richardson, J. B., Wellman, C. H. and Axe, L. 1996. Ultrastructure of synorisporites downtonensis and retusotriletes cf. coronadus in spore masses from the Pridoli of the Welsh Borderland. Palaeontology 39(3), pp. 783-800.
- Edwards, D., Selden, P. A., Richardson, J. B. and Axe, L. 1995. Coprolites as evidence for plant–animal interaction in Siluro–Devonian terrestrial ecosystems. Nature 377(6547), pp. 329-331. (10.1038/377329a0)
- Edwards, D., Fanning, U., Davies, K. L., Axe, L. and Richardson, J. B. 1995. Exceptional preservation in Lower Devonian coalified fossils from the Welsh Borderland: a new genus based on reniform sporangia lacking thickened borders. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 117(3), pp. 233-254. (10.1111/j.1095-8339.1995.tb00454.x)
- Edwards, D., Davies, K. L., Richardson, J. B. and Axe, L. 1995. The ultrastructure of spores of Cooksonia pertoni. Palaeontology 38(1), pp. 153-168.
- Edwards, D., Davies, K. L. and Axe, L. 1992. A vascular conducting strand in the early land plant Cooksonia. Nature 357(6380), pp. 683-685. (10.1038/357683a0)
- Edwards, D., Rose, V., Axe, L. and Kenrick, P. 1986. Studies on Lower Devonian petrifactions from Britain, 3. Notes on putative fungal remains in zosterophylls from the Brecon Beacons, Powys, South Wales. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 48(1-3), pp. 241-251. (10.1016/0034-6667(86)90060-6)
Research
I am the manager of the microscopy and imaging laboratory and look after the palaeobiology research labs.
My research expertise has been gained over 30 years, developing techniques for studying some of the earliest plants that lived on land in the late Silurian/early Devonian period, approx. 400 my ago. Some of the best fossils in the world (from this time period), come from localities close to Cardiff in the Brecon Beacons and also from the Welsh Borderland near Ludlow. The research involves the chemical maceration of rocks, followed by the extraction, identification and manipulation of the tiny fossil plants, <1mm, that are revealed. These are examined, to obtain detailed images of their anatomy, using light and electron microscopy.
Biography
- Part-time Senior Research Technician (40%) - School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, UK (2021 - present)
- Part-time Senior Research Technician (50%) – School of Earth & Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, UK (2020)
- Senior Research Technician – School of Earth & Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, UK (2001 – 2019)
- Research Technician – School of Earth & Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, UK (1988 – 2001)
- Research Technician – Department of Plant Science, Cardiff University, UK (1984 – 1988)
- Research Technician – Department of Anatomy, Cardiff University, UK (1983 – 1984)
- Research Technician – Department of Physiology, Cardiff University, UK (1982 – 1983)
- Research Technician – Department of Botany, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK (1980 – 1981)
- BSc – Geology, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK (1980)