Yr Athro James Birchall

2023

• Potts, M. R., Evans, S. L., Pullin, R., Coulman, S. A., Birchall, J. C. and Wyatt, H. 2023. An analysis of the relationship between microneedle spacing, needle force and skin strain during the indentation phase prior to skin penetration. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 26(14), pp. 1719-1731. (10.1080/10255842.2022.2136486)
• Dul, M. et al. 2023. Assessing the risk of a clinically significant infection from a Microneedle Array Patch (MAP) product. Journal of Controlled Release 361, pp. 236-245. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.001)
• Massufero Vergilio, M., Birchall, J. C., Lauro Lima, L., Alvarenga Rezende, R. and Ricci Leonardi, G. 2023. Drug delivery systems based in microneedles for dermatological diseases and aesthetic enhancement. Current Medicinal Chemistry 30 (10.2174/0929867330666230525122913)

2022

• Azizova, L. et al. 2022. Parameters controlling octadecyl phosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers on titanium dioxide for anti-fouling biomedical applications. Applied Surface Science 604, article number: 154462. (10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154462)
• Howells, O. et al. 2022. Design, fabrication, and characterisation of a silicon microneedle array for transdermal therapeutic delivery using a single step wet etch process. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 171, pp. 19-28. (10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.06.005)
• Al Dalaty, A., Gualeni, B., Coulman, S. A. and Birchall, J. C. 2022. Models and methods to characterise levonorgestrel release from intradermally administered contraceptives. Drug Delivery and Translational Research 12, pp. 335-349. (10.1007/s13346-021-01091-5)
• Tatovic, D. et al. 2022. Safety of the use of gold nanoparticles conjugated with proinsulin peptide and administered by hollow microneedles as an immunotherapy in Type 1 diabetes. Immunotherapy Advances 2(1), article number: ltac002. (10.1093/immadv/ltac002)

2021

• Gualeni, B. et al. 2021. Human-centred design of a new microneedle-based hormonal contraceptive delivery system [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]. Gates Open Research 5, article number: 96. (10.12688/gatesopenres.13233.2)
• Nishio Ayre, W. et al. 2021. Alternative radiopacifiers for polymethyl methacrylate bone cements: Silane-treated anatase titanium dioxide and yttria-stabilised zirconium dioxide. Journal of Biomaterials Applications 35(10), pp. 1235-1252. (10.1177/0885328220983797)
• Singh, R. K. et al. 2021. Using gold nanoparticles for enhanced intradermal delivery of poorly soluble auto-antigenic peptides. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 32, article number: 102321. (10.1016/j.nano.2020.102321)
• Ingrole, R. S., Azizoglu, E., Dul, M., Birchall, J. C., Gill, H. S. and Prausnitz, M. R. 2021. Trends of microneedle technology in the scientific literature, patents, clinical trials and internet activity. Biomaterials 267, article number: 120491. (10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120491)
• Tyrrell, V. J. et al. 2021. Lipidomic and transcriptional analysis of the Linoleoyl-omega-Hydroxyceramide biosynthetic pathway in human psoriatic lesions. Journal of Lipid Research 62, article number: 100094. (10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100094)

2020

• Bolton, C. J. W. et al. 2020. Hollow silicon microneedle fabrication using advanced plasma etch technologies for applications in transdermal drug delivery. Lab on a Chip 20(15), pp. 2788-2795. (10.1039/D0LC00567C)
• Arikat, F. et al. 2020. Targeting proinsulin to local immune cells using an intradermal microneedle delivery system; a potential antigen-specific immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes. Journal of Controlled Release 322, pp. 593-601. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.031)

2019

• Maarifi, G. et al. 2019. Langerin (CD207) represents a novel interferon-stimulated gene in Langerhans cells. Cellular and Molecular Immunology 17, pp. 547-549. (10.1038/s41423-019-0302-5)
• Dul, M. et al. 2019. Conjugation of a peptide autoantigen to gold nanoparticles for intradermally administered antigen specific immunotherapy. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 562, pp. 303-312. (10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.041)

2018

• Price, A., Rai, S., McLeod, R., Birchall, J. C. and Elhassan, H. 2018. Topical propranolol for infantile haemangiomas: A systematic review. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 32(12), pp. 2083-2089. (10.1111/jdv.14963)
• Gualeni, B. et al. 2018. Minimally-invasive and targeted therapeutic cell delivery to the skin using microneedle devices. British Journal of Dermatology 178(3), pp. 731-739. (10.1111/bjd.15923)
• Davies, L., Gateley, C., Holland, P., Coulman, S. and Birchall, J. 2018. Accelerating topical anaesthesia using microneedles. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 30(6), pp. 277-283. (10.1159/000479530)

2017

• Moreno, E. et al. 2017. Skin vaccination using microneedles coated with a plasmid DNA cocktail encoding nucleosomal histones of Leishmania spp.. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 533(1), pp. 236-244. (10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.055)
• Dul, M. et al. 2017. Hydrodynamic gene delivery in human skin using a hollow microneedle device. Journal of Controlled Release 265, pp. 120-131. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.028)
• Zhao, X., Coulman, S. A., Hanna, S. J., Wong, F. S., Dayan, C. M. and Birchall, J. C. 2017. Formulation of hydrophobic peptides for skin delivery via coated microneedles. Journal of Controlled Release 265, pp. 2-13. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.015)
• McGrath, M., Coulman, S., Birchall, J. C. and Prausnitz, M. 2017. Editorial. Journal of Controlled Release 265, pp. 1-1. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.030)
• Martin, C., Alcock, N., Hiom, S. and Birchall, J. C. 2017. Development and evaluation of topical gabapentin formulations. Pharmaceutics 9(3), pp. 31. (10.3390/pharmaceutics9030031)
• Jones, B., Ecenarro, S., Whiteside, B., Birchall, J. and Coulman, S. 2017. Imaging techniques for dry powder inhaler capsules. Inhalation

2016

• Nishio Ayre, W., Birchall, J. C., Evans, S. L. and Denyer, S. P. 2016. A novel liposomal drug delivery system for PMMA bone cements. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 104(8), pp. 1510-1524. (10.1002/jbm.b.33488)
• Czubala, M. A. et al. 2016. TGFβ induces a SAMHD1-independent post-entry restriction to HIV-1 infection of human epithelial Langerhans cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 136(10), pp. 1981-1989. (10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.123)
• Caucheteux, S. M. et al. 2016. Polypropylene sulfide nanoparticle p24 vaccine promotes dendritic cell-mediated specific immune responses against HIV-1. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 136(6), pp. 1172-1181. (10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.033)
• Teagle, A. R., Birchall, J. C. and Hargest, R. 2016. Gene therapy for pyoderma gangrenosum: optimal transfection conditions and effect of drugs on gene delivery in the HaCaT cell line using cationic liposomes. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 29, pp. 119-129. (10.1159/000444859)
• Chong, R. H., Jones, B., Díez, F., Birchall, J. C. and Coulman, S. 2016. Evaluating the sensitivity, reproducibility and flexibility of a method to test hard shell capsules intended for use in dry powder inhalers. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 500(1-2), pp. 316-325. (10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.034)
• Zhao, X. et al. 2016. Microneedle delivery of autoantigen for immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes. Journal of Controlled Release 223, pp. 178-187. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.040)

2015

• Alhadj Ali, M. et al. 2015. Topical steroid therapy induces pro-tolerogenic changes in Langerhans cells in human skin. Immunology 146(3), pp. 411-422. (10.1111/imm.12518)
• Choi, H., Naylon, J., Luzio, S., Buetler, J., Birchall, J., Martin, C. and Porch, A. 2015. Design and in vitro interference test of microwave noninvasive blood glucose monitoring sensor. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 63(10), pp. 3016-3025. (10.1109/TMTT.2015.2472019)
• Ivory, M. O., Birchall, J. C. and Piguet, V. 2015. Early dengue virus infection in human skin: a cycle of inflammation and infectivity [Commentary]. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 135(7), pp. 1711-1712. (10.1038/jid.2014.544)

2014

• Rattanapak, T., Birchall, J. C., Young, K., Kubo, A., Fujimori, S., Ishii, M. and Hook, S. 2014. Dynamic visualization of dendritic cell-antigen interactions in the skin following transcutaneous immunization. PLOS ONE 9(2), article number: e89503. (10.1371/journal.pone.0089503)

2013

• Rattanapak, T., Birchall, J. C., Young, K., Ishii, M., Meglinski, I., Rades, T. and Hook, S. 2013. Transcutaneous immunization using microneedles and cubosomes: Mechanistic investigations using Optical Coherence Tomography and Two-Photon Microscopy. Journal of Controlled Release 172(3), pp. 894-903. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.018)
• Pearton, M., Pirri, D., Kang, S., Compans, R. W. and Birchall, J. C. 2013. Host responses in human skin after conventional intradermal injection or microneedle administration of virus-like-particle influenza vaccine. Advanced Healthcare Materials 2(10), pp. 1401-1410. (10.1002/adhm.201300006)
• Chong, R. et al. 2013. Gene silencing following siRNA delivery to skin via coated steel microneedles: In vitro and in vivo proof-of-concept. Journal of Controlled Release 166(3), pp. 211-219. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.12.030)
• Tatovic, D., Pearton, M., Birchall, J. C., Wong, S. and Dayan, C. M. 2013. Topical steroid has the potential of modulating skin dendritic cells to tolerogenic antigen presenting cells in human organ skin bath culture [Abstract]. Diabetic Medicine 30(s1), pp. 53-53. (10.1111/dme.12091_1)
• Groves, R. B., Coulman, S., Birchall, J. C. and Evans, S. L. 2013. An anisotropic, hyperelastic model for skin: experimental measurements, finite element modelling and identification of parameters for human and murine skin. Journal of the Mechanical Behaviour of Biomedical Materials 18, pp. 167-180. (10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.10.021)
• Torrisi, B. M., Zarnitsyn, V., Prausnitz, M. R., Anstey, A. V., Gateley, C., Birchall, J. C. and Coulman, S. 2013. Pocketed microneedles for rapid delivery of a liquid-state botulinum toxin A formulation into human skin. Journal of Controlled Release 165(2), pp. 146-152. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.11.010)
• Torrisi, B. M., Birchall, J. C., Jones, B., Díez, F. and Coulman, S. 2013. The development of a sensitive methodology to characterise hard shell capsule puncture by dry powder inhaler pins. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 456(2), pp. 545-552. (10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.011)
• Chong, R. H. et al. 2013. Gene silencing following siRNA delivery to skin via coated steel microneedles: In vitro and in vivo proof-of-concept. Journal of Controlled Release 166(3), pp. 211. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.12.030)

2012

• Yildiz, A., John, E., Özsoy, Y., Araman, A., Birchall, J. C., Broadley, K. J. and Gumbleton, M. 2012. Inhaled extended-release microparticles of heparin elicit improved pulmonary pharmacodynamics against antigen-mediated airway hyper-reactivity and inflammation. Journal of Controlled Release 162(2), pp. 456-463. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.008)
• Birchall, J. C. 2012. Overcoming the stratum corneum barrier: microneedle delivery of macromolecules and vaccines [Abstract]. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 34(4), pp. 361-361. (10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00720.x)
• Pearton, M., Saller, V., Coulman, S., Gateley, C., Anstey, A. V., Zarnitsyn, V. and Birchall, J. C. 2012. Microneedle delivery of plasmid DNA to living human skin: Formulation coating, skin insertion and gene expression. Journal of Controlled Release 160(3), pp. 561-569. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.005)
• Martin, C., Allender, C. J., Brain, K. R., Morrissey, A. and Birchall, J. C. 2012. Low temperature fabrication of biodegradable sugar glass microneedles for transdermal drug delivery applications. Journal of Controlled Release 158(1), pp. 93-101. (10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.10.024)
• Groves, R. B., Coulman, S., Birchall, J. C. and Evans, S. L. 2012. Quantifying the mechanical properties of human skin to optimise future microneedle device design. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 15(1), pp. 73-82. (10.1080/10255842.2011.596481)

2011

• Gonzalez-Gonzalez, E. et al. 2011. Visualization of plasmid delivery to keratinocytes in mouse and human epidermis. Scientific Reports 1, pp. 158. (10.1038/srep00158)
• Chong, R., Coulman, S., Saller, V., Pearton, M., Shah, A., Hargest, R. and Birchall, J. C. 2011. Nucleic acid delivery to skin for the potential treatment of dermatopathogenic conditions [Abstract]. Human Gene Therapy 22(10), pp. A82-A82.
• Teagle, A., Birchall, J. C. and Hargest, R. 2011. The effect of drugs commonly used for pyoderma gangrenosum on the efficiency of gene transfer to human keratinocytes. Human Gene Therapy 22(10), pp. A94-A94.
• Smith, M. W., Birchall, J. C. and Coulman, S. 2011. The wider contribution of microbiology to the pharmaceutical sciences. In: Denver, S. P. et al. eds. Hugo and Russell's Pharmaceutical Microbiology 8th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 463-482.
• Teagle, A., Birchall, J. C. and Hargest, R. 2011. The effect of drugs commonly used for pyoderma gangrenosum on the efficiency of gene transfer to human keratinocytes [Abstract]. British Journal of Surgery 98, pp. 40-40. (10.1002/bjs.7577/abstract)
• Birchall, J. C., Clemo, R. N., Anstey, A. V. and John, D. N. 2011. Microneedles in clinical practice- an exploratory study into the opinions of healthcare professionals and the public. Pharmaceutical Research 28(1), pp. 95-106. (10.1007/s11095-010-0101-2)
• Coulman, S. et al. 2011. In vivo, in situ imaging of microneedle insertion into the skin of human volunteers using optical coherence tomography. Pharmaceutical Research 28(1), pp. 66-81. (10.1007/s11095-010-0167-x)
• Groves, R. B., Coulman, S., Birchall, J. C. and Evans, S. L. 2011. Using inverse finite element modeling to identify the anisotropic mechanical properties of human and mouse skin in tension. Presented at: International Conference on the Mechanics of Biomaterials and Tissues, Hawaii, USA, 11-15 December 2011.

2010

• Pearton, M. et al. 2010. Immune stimulation following microneedle delivery of influenza virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines to human skin [Abstract]. Drug Discovery Today 15(23-24), pp. 1111-1111.
• Song, J. M. et al. 2010. Microneedle delivery of H5N1 influenza virus-like particles to the skin induces long-lasting B- and T-Cell responses in mice. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17(9), pp. 1381-1389. (10.1128/CVI.00100-10)
• Pearton, M. et al. 2010. Influenza virus-like particles coated onto microneedles can elicit stimulatory effects on Langerhans cells in human skin. Vaccine 28(37), pp. 6104-6113. (10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.055)
• Pearton, M., Kang, S. M., Song, J. M., Anstey, A. V., Ivory, M. O., Compans, R. W. and Birchall, J. C. 2010. Changes in human Langerhans cells following intradermal injection of influenza virus-like particle vaccines. PLoS ONE 5(8), article number: e12410. (10.1371/journal.pone.0012410)
• Bains, B. K., Birchall, J. C., Toon, R. and Taylor, G. 2010. In vitro reporter gene transfection via plasm ID DNA delivered by metered dose inhaler. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 99(7), pp. 3089-3099. (10.1002/jps.22085)
• Martin, C., Allender, C. J., Brain, K. R., Hodson, D. and Birchall, J. 2010. Biodegradable sugar glass microneedles for macromolecular drug delivery [Abstract]. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 62(6), pp. 799-799. (10.1211/jpp.62.06.0016)
• Ng, K. W., Pearton, M., Allender, C. J., Morrissey, A., McLoughlin, P. and Birchall, J. C. 2010. Biodegradable microneedles for intra-epidermal vaccination [Abstract]. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 62(6), pp. 798-798. (10.1211/jpp.62.06.0016)

2009

• Ng, K. W. et al. 2009. Development of an ex vivo human skin model for intradermal vaccination: Tissue viability and Langerhans cell behaviour. Vaccine 27(43), pp. 5948-5955. (10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.088)
• Ng, K. W. et al. 2009. Tissue viability and Langerhans cell behaviour in an ex-vivo human skin model for cutaneous DNA vaccination [Abstract]. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 61(S1), pp. A1-A5. (10.1211/002235709789037044)
• Coulman, S., Anstey, A. V., Gateley, C., Morrissey, A., McLoughlin, P., Allender, C. J. and Birchall, J. C. 2009. Microneedle mediated delivery of nanoparticles into human skin. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 366(1-2), pp. 190-200. (10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.08.040)
• Haq, M. et al. 2009. Penetration and wound-healing responses following application of microneedles and hypodermic needles to human volunteers. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 61(S1)
• Haq, M. I. et al. 2009. Clinical administration of microneedles: skin puncture, pain and sensation. Biomedical Microdevices 11(1), pp. 35-47. (10.1007/s10544-008-9208-1)
• Ng, K. W. et al. 2009. Ex vivo immunological studies using excised human skin. British Journal Of Dermatology 160(4), pp. 921-921.

2008

• Pearton, M. et al. 2008. Gene delivery to the epidermal cells of human skin explants using microfabricated microneedles and hydrogel formulations. Pharmaceutical Research 25(2), pp. 407-416. (10.1007/s11095-007-9360-y)
• Birchall, J. C., Jones, B. and Morrissey, A. 2008. A comparison of the puncturing properties of gelatin and hypromellose capsules for use in dry powder inhalers. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 34(8), pp. 870-876. (10.1080/03639040801928903)

2007

• Bains, B. K., Taylor, G., Toon, R. and Birchall, J. C. 2007. Novel nanoparticles for pulmonary gene delivery [Abstract]. Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59(S1), pp. A31-A32. (10.1211/002235707781850140)
• Collins, E., Birchall, J. C., Williams, J. L. and Gumbleton, M. 2007. Nuclear localisation and pDNA condensation in non-viral gene delivery. The Journal of Gene Medicine 9(4), pp. 265-274. (10.1002/jgm.1015)
• Haq, M. I. et al. 2007. An assessment of pain, penetration efficiency and trans-epidermal water loss in human subjects following application of microfabricated microneedle arrays [Abstract]. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59(S1), pp. A54. (10.1211/002235707781850168)
• Birchall, J. C. 2007. Pulmonary delivery of nucleic acids. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 4(6), pp. 575-578. (10.1517/17425247.4.6.575)
• Seville, P. C., Learoyd, T. P., Li, H. Y., Williamson, I. J. and Birchall, J. C. 2007. Amino acid-modified spray-dried powders with enhanced aerosolisation properties for pulmonary drug delivery. Powder Technology 178(1), pp. 40-50. (10.1016/j.powtec.2007.03.046)

2006

• Li, H. and Birchall, J. C. 2006. Chitosan-modified dry powder formulations for pulmonary gene delivery. Pharmaceutical Research 23(5), pp. 941-950. (10.1007/s11095-006-0027-x)
• Birchall, J. C. et al. 2006. Cutaneous gene expression of plasmid DNA in excised human skin following delivery via microchannels created by radio frequency ablation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 312(1-2), pp. 15-23. (10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.12.036)
• Coulman, S. et al. 2006. Minimally invasive cutaneous delivery of macromolecules and plasmid DNA via microneedles. Current drug delivery 3(1), pp. 65-75.
• Pearton, M. et al. 2006. Microneedle facilitated delivery of pDNA encoding HBsAg to human skin: potential for genetic vaccination [Abstract]. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 58(S1), pp. A65. (10.1211/002235706778251483)

2005

• Pearton, M. et al. 2005. Hydrogels based on PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock co-polymers as sustained release reservoirs for the delivery of pDNA to microneedle treated human skin [Abstract]. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 57(S1), pp. S83-S84. (10.1211/002235705778248352)
• Li, H., Jeans, C., Birchall, J. C. and Taylor, G. 2005. Nanoparticles for pulmonary drug delivery [Abstract]. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 57(S1), pp. S20. (10.1211/002235705778248569)
• Birchall, J. C. et al. 2005. Cutaneous DNA delivery and gene expression in ex vivo human skin explants via wet-etch microfabricated microneedles. Journal of drug targeting 13(7), pp. 415-421. (10.1080/10611860500383705)
• Li, H., Seville, P. C., Williamson, I. J. and Birchall, J. C. 2005. The use of absorption enhancers to enhance the dispersibility of spray-dried powders for pulmonary gene therapy. The Journal of Gene Medicine 7(8), pp. 1035-1043. (10.1002/jgm.749)

2004

• Coulman, S. A., Allender, C. J., Barrow, D., Gateley, C., Anstey, A. V. and Birchall, J. C. 2004. Microneedle facilitated cutaneous delivery of a non-viral gene complex to the viable epidermis [Abstract]. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 56(S1), pp. S10-S11. (10.1211/002235704777489375)
• Li, H., Seville, P. C., Williamson, I. J. and Birchall, J. C. 2004. Dispersibility of spray-dried formulations for pulmonary drug delivery [Abstract]. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 56(S1), pp. S10. (10.1211/002235704777489375)
• Birchall, J. C., Bouris, K., Chabri, F. and Jones,T, . 2004. Microfabricated silicon microneedles for nonviral cutaneous gene delivery. British Journal of Dermatology 150(5), pp. 869-877. (10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05921.x)

2002

• Birchall, J. C., Kellaway, I. and Seville, P. 2002. Preparation of dry powder dispersions for non-viral gene delivery by freeze-drying and spray-drying. The Journal of Gene Medicine 4(4), pp. 428-437. (10.1002/jgm.282)

2001

• Birchall, J. C., Waterworth, C. A., Luscombe, C., Parkins, D. A. and Gumbleton, M. 2001. Statistical modelling of the formulation variables in non-viral gene delivery systems. Journal of Drug Targeting 9(3), pp. 169-184. (10.3109/10611860108997926)

2000

• Ramsay, E., Hadgraft, J., Birchall, J. C. and Gumbleton, M. 2000. Examination of the biophysical interaction between plasmid DNA and the polycations, polylysine and polyornithine, as a basis for their differential gene transfection in-vitro. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 210(1-2), pp. 97-107. (10.1016/S0378-5173(00)00571-8)
• Birchall, J. C., Marichal, C., Campbell, L., Alwan, A., Hadgraft, J. and Gumbleton, M. 2000. Gene expression in an intact ex-vivo skin tissue model following percutaneous delivery of cationic liposome-plasmid DNA complexes. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 197(1-2), pp. 233-238. (10.1016/S0378-5173(00)00336-7)
• Birchall, J. C., Kellaway, I. W. and Gumbleton, M. 2000. Physical stability and in-vitro gene expression efficiency of nebulised lipid-peptide-DNA complexes. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 197(1-2), pp. 221-231. (10.1016/S0378-5173(00)00339-2)