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Dr Sara Drake
Darllenydd yn y Gyfraith
Ysgol y Gyfraith a Gwleidyddiaeth
- DrakeS@caerdydd.ac.uk
- +44 29208 74367
- Adeilad y Gyfraith, Ystafell 2.12, Rhodfa'r Amgueddfa, Caerdydd, CF10 3AX
- Ar gael fel goruchwyliwr ôl-raddedig
Trosolwyg
Rwy'n Ddarllenydd yn Ysgol y Gyfraith a Gwleidyddiaeth Caerdydd, Prifysgol Caerdydd, lle rwy'n addysgu'r Gyfraith Undeb Ewropeaidd (UE) a Chyfraith Cystadleuaeth yr UE. Fi yw Cyfarwyddwr Addysgu a Dysgu (y Gyfraith) ar gyfer y rhaglen LLB israddedig.
Mae fy ymchwil yn canolbwyntio ar gyfraith yr Undeb Ewropeaidd. Mae gen i ddiddordeb ymchwil cryf yn y modd y gall hawliau'r UE gael eu gorfodi'n effeithiol gan unigolion ar lefel genedlaethol. Mae hyn yn cael ei ddangos yn fy nghofnod cyhoeddi. Mae fy ngwaith cyfredol yn canolbwyntio ar orfodi hawliau teithwyr awyr yr UE (o dan Reoliad 261/2004) (gweler fy adroddiad ar gyfer Senedd Ewrop yma).
Mae fy ngwaith hefyd yn archwilio gorfodi cyfraith a pholisi'r UE yn effeithiol o safbwynt rhyngddisgyblaethol. Gweler fy llyfr, New Directions on the Effective Enforcement of EU Law and Policy (Drake & Smith, 2016, Edward Elgar). Arweiniodd y cydweithrediad hwn at sefydlu Rhwydwaith Ymchwil UACES ar Orfodi Cyfraith a Pholisi'r UE yn Effeithiol yr wyf yn eu cydlynu â Monica Garcia Quesada (LUISS Guido Carli, yr Eidal) (darllenwch am ein gwaith yma).
Un o'm meysydd ymchwil sy'n dod i'r amlwg yw effaith Brexit ar hawliau sy'n deillio o'r UE gerbron llysoedd y DU.
Rwy'n eistedd ar Fwrdd Golygyddol yr Irish Journal for European Law fel golygydd erthyglau ar y cyd ac rwy'n ddadansoddwr arbenigol ar gyfer Cyfraith yr UE yn Fyw. Rwy'n aelod o Bwyllgor Addysg Gyfreithiol Cymdeithas yr Ysgolheigion Cyfreithiol (SLS) ac yn cynrychioli'r SLS yn y Gymdeithas Cyfadrannau Cyfraith Ewropeaidd (ELFA).
Cyhoeddiad
2023
- Drake, S. and Bosangit, C. 2023. How to get help or your money back after travel disruptions – experts explain. The Conversation 2023, article number: 29Aug.
- Drake, S. 2023. Reasserting its consumer credentials: The European Union's Court of Justice declares union-led strikes to fall outside the scope of the defence of extraordinary circumstances. European Journal of Consumer Law
2022
- Drake, S. and Hunt, J. 2022. Clarifying the duties of the UK judiciary post-Brexit. Modern Law Review 85(5), pp. 1261-1273. (10.1111/1468-2230.12705)
- Drake, S. 2022. Op Ed: California dreamin?: Court of Justice confirms Air Passenger Regulation does not infringe state sovereignty over airspace by granting rights concerning connections operated entirely in third countries. [Online]. EU Law Live. Available at: https://eulawlive.com/op-ed-california-dreamin-court-of-justice-confirms-air-passenger-regulation-does-not-infringe-state-sovereignty-over-airspace-by-granting-rights-concerning-connections-operated-ent/#
2020
- Drake, S. 2020. The principle of primacy and the duty of national bodies appointed to enforce EU law to disapply conflicting national law: An Garda Síochána. Common Market Law Review 57, pp. 557-568.
- Drake, S. 2020. Delays, cancellations and compensation: Why are air passengers still finding it difficult to enforce their EU rights under Regulation 261/2004. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 27(2), pp. 230-249. (10.1177/1023263X20904235)
2019
- Drake, S. 2019. Empowering Parliaments and enforcing citizens' rights in the implementation and application of Union law - Case analysis: the transposition and implementation of Regulation 261/2004 on air passenger rights ysis: the. European Parliament.
2018
- Drake, S. 2018. The UK perspective on the principle of consistent interpretation. In: Franklin, C. N. K. ed. The Effectiveness and Application of EU and EEA Law in National Courts. Intersentia Ltd, pp. 213-256.
2016
- Drake, S. 2016. More effective private enforcement of EU Law post-Lisbon: aligning regulatory goals and constitutional values. In: Drake, S. and Smith, M. eds. New Directions in Effective Enforcement of EU Law and Policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 12-44., (10.4337/9781784718695.00012)
- Smith, M. and Drake, S. 2016. Introduction. In: Drake, S. and Smith, M. eds. New Directions in the Effective Enforcement of EU Law and Policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 1-11.
- Smith, M. and Drake, S. 2016. Conclusions: assembling the jigsaw of effective enforcement - multiple strategies - multiple gaps?. In: Drake, S. and Smith, M. eds. New Directions in the Effective Enforcement of EU Law and Policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 320-327.
- Drake, S. and Smith, M. eds. 2016. New directions in effective enforcement of EU law and policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
2010
- D'Sa, R. M. and Drake, S. 2010. Financial penalties for failure to recover state aid and their relevance to state liability for breach of union law. European State Aid Law Quarterly 9(1), pp. 33-46.
- Drake, S. 2010. State liability for judicial error: all bark and no bite? The consequences of national courts' failure to refer. In: Cygan, A. and Spadacini, L. eds. Constitutional Implications of the Traghetti Judgment: Italian and European Perspectives. Brescia, Italy: biblioFabbrica, pp. 49-80.
2006
- Drake, S. 2006. Scope of courage and the principle of individual liability for damages: further development of the principle of effective judicial protection. European Law Review 31(6), pp. 841-864.
2005
- Drake, S. 2005. Twenty years after Von Colson: the impact of "indirect effect" on the protection of the individual`s community rights. European Law Review 30(3), pp. 329-348.
2004
- Drake, S. 2004. State liability under community law for judicial error. Irish Journal of European Law 11(1), pp. 34-?.
2003
- Drake, S. and Costello, C. 2003. Enforcing EC motor insurance directives: navigating the maze. European Public Law 9(3), pp. 371-398.
- Drake, S. 2003. Vouchers and VAT: issues of direct effect and national time limits raised by the Marks and Spencer case. European Law Review 28(3), pp. 418-429.
Articles
- Drake, S. and Bosangit, C. 2023. How to get help or your money back after travel disruptions – experts explain. The Conversation 2023, article number: 29Aug.
- Drake, S. 2023. Reasserting its consumer credentials: The European Union's Court of Justice declares union-led strikes to fall outside the scope of the defence of extraordinary circumstances. European Journal of Consumer Law
- Drake, S. and Hunt, J. 2022. Clarifying the duties of the UK judiciary post-Brexit. Modern Law Review 85(5), pp. 1261-1273. (10.1111/1468-2230.12705)
- Drake, S. 2020. The principle of primacy and the duty of national bodies appointed to enforce EU law to disapply conflicting national law: An Garda Síochána. Common Market Law Review 57, pp. 557-568.
- Drake, S. 2020. Delays, cancellations and compensation: Why are air passengers still finding it difficult to enforce their EU rights under Regulation 261/2004. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 27(2), pp. 230-249. (10.1177/1023263X20904235)
- D'Sa, R. M. and Drake, S. 2010. Financial penalties for failure to recover state aid and their relevance to state liability for breach of union law. European State Aid Law Quarterly 9(1), pp. 33-46.
- Drake, S. 2006. Scope of courage and the principle of individual liability for damages: further development of the principle of effective judicial protection. European Law Review 31(6), pp. 841-864.
- Drake, S. 2005. Twenty years after Von Colson: the impact of "indirect effect" on the protection of the individual`s community rights. European Law Review 30(3), pp. 329-348.
- Drake, S. 2004. State liability under community law for judicial error. Irish Journal of European Law 11(1), pp. 34-?.
- Drake, S. and Costello, C. 2003. Enforcing EC motor insurance directives: navigating the maze. European Public Law 9(3), pp. 371-398.
- Drake, S. 2003. Vouchers and VAT: issues of direct effect and national time limits raised by the Marks and Spencer case. European Law Review 28(3), pp. 418-429.
Book sections
- Drake, S. 2018. The UK perspective on the principle of consistent interpretation. In: Franklin, C. N. K. ed. The Effectiveness and Application of EU and EEA Law in National Courts. Intersentia Ltd, pp. 213-256.
- Drake, S. 2016. More effective private enforcement of EU Law post-Lisbon: aligning regulatory goals and constitutional values. In: Drake, S. and Smith, M. eds. New Directions in Effective Enforcement of EU Law and Policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 12-44., (10.4337/9781784718695.00012)
- Smith, M. and Drake, S. 2016. Introduction. In: Drake, S. and Smith, M. eds. New Directions in the Effective Enforcement of EU Law and Policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 1-11.
- Smith, M. and Drake, S. 2016. Conclusions: assembling the jigsaw of effective enforcement - multiple strategies - multiple gaps?. In: Drake, S. and Smith, M. eds. New Directions in the Effective Enforcement of EU Law and Policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 320-327.
- Drake, S. 2010. State liability for judicial error: all bark and no bite? The consequences of national courts' failure to refer. In: Cygan, A. and Spadacini, L. eds. Constitutional Implications of the Traghetti Judgment: Italian and European Perspectives. Brescia, Italy: biblioFabbrica, pp. 49-80.
Books
- Drake, S. and Smith, M. eds. 2016. New directions in effective enforcement of EU law and policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Monographs
- Drake, S. 2019. Empowering Parliaments and enforcing citizens' rights in the implementation and application of Union law - Case analysis: the transposition and implementation of Regulation 261/2004 on air passenger rights ysis: the. European Parliament.
Websites
- Drake, S. 2022. Op Ed: California dreamin?: Court of Justice confirms Air Passenger Regulation does not infringe state sovereignty over airspace by granting rights concerning connections operated entirely in third countries. [Online]. EU Law Live. Available at: https://eulawlive.com/op-ed-california-dreamin-court-of-justice-confirms-air-passenger-regulation-does-not-infringe-state-sovereignty-over-airspace-by-granting-rights-concerning-connections-operated-ent/#
Ymchwil
Fy mhrif feysydd ymchwil yw:
- Gorfodi hawliau'r UE gerbron llysoedd cenedlaethol;
- Effaith Brexit ar hawliau'r UE unigolion;
- Gorfodi cyfraith a pholisi'r UE yn effeithiol o safbwynt rhyngddisgyblaethol;
- Gorfodi hawliau teithwyr awyr yr UE yn effeithiol (Rheoliad 261/2004).
Gorfodi hawliau'r UE gerbron llysoedd cenedlaethol;
Mae fy niddordeb yn y maes hwn o gyfraith yr UE, sy'n dyddio'n ôl i fy PhD, yn mynd â'r unigolyn fel man cychwyn ac yn canolbwyntio ar sut mae cyfraith yr UE wedi'i datblygu i alluogi unigolion i orfodi eu hawliau yn effeithiol gerbron llysoedd cenedlaethol. Mae hyn yn cynnwys ymchwilio i'r egwyddorion cyfansoddiadol a ddatblygwyd gan Lys Cyfiawnder yr UE a sut y cânt eu cymhwyso gan lysoedd cenedlaethol. Mae fy ngwaith wedi cael ei gyhoeddi mewn cyfnodolion cyfraith Ewropeaidd blaenllaw (European Law Review, European Public Law, Irish Journal for European Law Law),mae nd wedi cael ei nodi yn Llys Apêl Lloegr (Marks & Spencer v. Commissioners for Customs & Excise [2004] 1 CMLR 8 (29), Auld LJ). Rwy'n awdur yr erthygl cyfnodolyn arweiniol ar yr egwyddor o effaith anuniongyrchol (neu ddehongli cyson) sydd wedi bod yn y 10 lawrlwythiad uchaf o Adolygiad Cyfraith Ewrop trwy Westlaw ers 2012. Fel rhan o brosiect cydweithredol dan arweiniad yr Athro Christian N.K. Franklin (Bergen, Norwy), cefais wahoddiad i ysgrifennu astudiaeth ar sut mae'r egwyddor o effaith anuniongyrchol (neu egwyddor Marleasing wedi'i chymhwyso gan lysoedd y DU). Mae'r astudiaeth hon yn ymddangos fel pennod mewn cyfrol wedi'i golygu o'r enw, The Effectiveness and Application of EU and EEA Law in National Courts: Principles of Consistent Interpretation (2018, Intersentia).
Effaith tynnu'r DU yn ôl ar hawliau'r UE
Rwy'n cynnal ymchwil i anghysondeb cyfansoddiadol y DU o'r UE a'i effaith ar allu unigolion i orfodi eu hawliau sy'n deillio o'r UE ar ôl Brexit. Rwyf wedi cyflwyno yn y Prosiect Cyfraith Gyhoeddus: Cynhadledd Cymru (2017) ar effaith Deddf yr UE (WIthdrawal) 2018 ar hawliau a rhwymedïau yr UE yng Nghymru ar ôl Brexit. Yn ddiweddar fe wnes i gyd-ysgrifennu nodyn achos ar un o ddyfarniadau cyntaf y Llys Apêl ar ôl Brexit, (Lipton ac Anr v. BA City Flyer Ltd, 30ain Mawrth 2021) gyda'r Athro Jo Hunt (sydd ar ddod) gyda ffocws penodol ar adran 29 o Ddeddf yr UE (Perthynas yn y Dyfodol) 2020.
Dulliau rhyngddisgyblaethol o orfodi cyfraith yr UE yn effeithiol;
Trwy ymchwil hefyd yn ymestyn y tu hwnt i orfodi barnwrol i lwybrau eraill ar gyfer gorfodi hawliau'r UE yn effeithiol fel yr archwiliwyd mewn cyfrol a gyd-olygais (gyda Melanie Smith) o'r enw, New Directions in the Effective Enforcement of EU Law and Policy (2016, Edward Elgar). Arweiniodd hyn at sefydlu Rhwydwaith Ymchwil UACES ar Orfodi Cyfraith a Pholisi'r UE yn Effeithiol (2018-2021) yr wyf yn ei arwain ynghyd â Monica Garcia Quesada (LUISS Guido Carli). Mae'r rhwydwaith yn dwyn ynghyd ysgolheigion sy'n ymwneud ag ymchwilio i orfodi cyfraith a pholisi'r UE yn ei ystyr ehangaf o wahanol safbwyntiau disgyblaethol. Gellir dod o hyd i ragor o fanylion am ein digwyddiadau, gweithgareddau a blogiau yn www.euenforcement.com Gallwch ein dilyn ar Twitter @euenforcement
Gorfodi hawliau teithwyr awyr yr UE yn effeithiol (Rheoliad 261/2004)
Mae fy ngwaith cyfredol yn canolbwyntio ar orfodi hawliau teithwyr awyr yr UE yn effeithiol o dan Reoliad 261/2004 a bydd yn destun llyfr a gyhoeddir gan Hart yn 2023. Mae'r llyfr yn adeiladu ar fy ngwaith blaenorol yn y maes hwn sy'n cynnwys adroddiad a ysgrifennwyd gennyf ar gyfer Senedd Ewrop ar weithrediad Rheoliad 261/2004 (Tachwedd 2018) a ddyfynnwyd yn y Financial Times . Ym mis Ebrill 2020, cyhoeddais erthygl hefyd sy'n archwilio pam na all teithwyr awyr orfodi eu hawliau'r UE yn effeithiol a galwadau am ddiwygio deddfwriaethol (Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law).
Mae ymadawiad y DU o'r UE wedi arwain at ail-lansio'r broses ddeddfwriaethol ar gyfer ail-lunio'r Rheoliad. Fodd bynnag, mae amheuaeth bellach am gynnydd oherwydd effaith pandemig COVID-19 ar y sector hedfan. Yn 2021, cefais gyllid gan Ganolfan y Gyfraith a Chymdeithas ar gyfer prosiect cydweithredol rhyngddisgyblaethol gydag ymchwilwyr o Ysgol Busnes Caerdydd ar ymwybyddiaeth defnyddwyr o hawliau cyfreithiol, ymatebion cwmnïau hedfan a ffyrdd o unioni ar gyfer canslo hedfan yn ystod pandemig COVID-19.
Addysgu
Undergraduate Teaching
Law of the European Union, Module Convenor (Year 3)
Postgraduate Teaching
Competition Law, Module Convenor
PhD Supervision
Matthew Cole - Tying Law in the European Union: Theory and Application (Complete)
Bywgraffiad
I am a graduate in Law with French and have studied at the University of Nantes, France (Erasmus Programme), and Université de Sciences Sociales, Toulouse, France (Maîtrise en droit communautaire et international). Following completion of my PhD, I taught EU law, EU competition law, and Irish contract law, at the National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland, and was appointed Jean Monnet Lecturer in European Public Law in 2001.
I joined Cardiff University in 2003. I was Visiting Lecturer at the University of Nantes, France (2004), and Visiting Fellow at the European University Institute (EUI), Florence, Italy (2006). I was appointed UK (Alternate) Member, European Union's Economic and Social Committee, Brussels, from 2007-2011, and twice re-appointed from 2014-2015, 2015-present. From 2008-2011, I was Deputy Convenor for the EU and Competition Law Panel of the Society of Legal Scholars. In 2010, I was invited as Visiting Lecturer at the University of Brescia, Italy.
I have acted as expert reviewer for the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, a reviewer of book proposals for Cambridge University Press, Oxford University Press, Hart Publishing and Routledge, and a reviewer of journal articles for the European Law Review, Journal of Law and Society and Irish Journal of European Law.
Aelodaethau proffesiynol
Member of the Society of Legal Scholars (SLS)
Member of the Irish Association of Law Teachers (IALT)
Member of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR)
Safleoedd academaidd blaenorol
2001-2003: Jean Monnet Lecturer in European Public Law, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland.
1999-2001: Temporary Teaching Assistant, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland.
Pwyllgorau ac adolygu
Chair of Board of Undergraduate Studies
Member of Board of Postgraduate Studies
Meysydd goruchwyliaeth
Mae gen i ddiddordeb mewn goruchwylio myfyrwyr PhD ym meysydd:
- cyfraith yr UE, yn enwedig ym maes meddyginiaethau a gorfodaeth
- Y rhyngweithio rhwng cyfraith yr UE a chyfraith ddomestig ar ôl Brexit ('Cyfraith Cysylltiadau'r UE')
- Hawliau teithwyr awyr yn yr UE a'r Deyrnas Unedig
