Yr Athro Rachel O'Brien-Waddington

Cyfarwyddwr Lles a Datblygiad Staff, Athro Biocemeg Llafar

Rachel Waddington is a Professor in Oral Biochemistry. With more than 30 years’ experience, my research has had a long-standing focus for understanding the role of the extracellular matrix environment in the regulation the biology of bone and dentine repair; research that aims to be translational for provoking clinical benefit.

Matrix components and extracellular vesicles produced by mesenchymal stem / progenitor cells contain and regulate the release of a rich cocktail of growth factors, that are collectively important in directing effective and efficient cell signalling during cell differentiation. Recently my research has investigated:

how the extracellular matrix environment is altered during systemic conditions such as chronic type 2 diabetes mellitus, leading to inefficient cell signalling that compromises the healing process and exacerbates periodontal tissue destruction;
how the extracellular matrix environment is altered by blue light therapies and the role of reactive oxygen species in this process.
investigating tissue and cell derived matrix products and extracellular vesicles for restoring the signalling environment and potentially reverse delayed bone healing often encountered with these systemic conditions;
the influence of modifying titanium implant surfaces on cellular activity that is beneficial for promoting bone healing and hence allows for quicker and more efficient integration of medical implants.

2024

Li, P., Alenazi, K. K. K., Dally, J., Woods, E. L., Waddington, R. J. and Moseley, R. 2024. Role of oxidative stress in impaired type II diabetic bone repair: scope for antioxidant therapy intervention?. Frontiers in Dental Medicine 5, article number: 1464009. (10.3389/fdmed.2024.1464009)

2016

Sloan, A., Colombo, J., Roberts, J., Waddington, R. and Nishio Ayre, W. 2016. Tissue culture models and approaches for dental tissue regeneration. In: Waddington, R. and Sloan, A. eds. Tissue Engineering and Regeneration in Dentistry: Current Strategies. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 96-109., (10.1002/9781119282181.ch5)
Waddington, R. J., Jones, Q. and Moseley, R. 2016. Assessing the potential of mesenchymal stem cells in craniofacial bone repair and regeneration. In: Waddington, R. J. and Sloan, A. eds. Tissue Engineering and Regeneration in Dentistry: Current Strategies. Wiley Blackwell, pp. 69-95., (10.1002/9781119282181.ch4)
Sadaghiani, L., Gleeson, H., Youde, S., Waddington, R., Lynch, C. and Sloan, A. 2016. Growth factor liberation and DPSCs response following dentine conditioning. Journal of Dental Research 95(11), pp. 1298-1307. (10.1177/0022034516653568)
Jordan, R. P. C. et al. 2016. An assessment of early colonisation of implant-abutment metal surfaces by single species and co-cultured bacterial periodontal pathogens. Journal of Dentistry 53, pp. 64-72. (10.1016/j.jdent.2016.07.013)

2015

Eastwood, S. E., John, A., Jones, S. A., Hodgson, H., Mason, D. J., Waddington, R. and Wei, X. 2015. Osteoclastogenesis-related cytokines and peri-prosthetic osteolysis in revision metal-on-metal total hip replacements. Hip International 25(4), pp. 355-360. (10.5301/hipint.5000241)
Lee, C. P., Colombo, J. S., Nishio Ayre, W., Sloan, A. J. and Waddington, R. J. 2015. Elucidating the cellular actions of demineralised dentine matrix extract on a clonal dental pulp stem cell population in orchestrating dental tissue repair. Journal of Tissue Engineering 6, pp. 1-13. (10.1177/2041731415586318)

2014

Harrington, J., Sloan, A. J. and Waddington, R. J. 2014. Quantification of clonal heterogeneity of mesenchymal progenitor cells in dental pulp and bone marrow. Connective Tissue Research 55(S1), pp. 62-67. (10.3109/03008207.2014.923859)
Antonarakis, G. S., Moseley, R. and Waddington, R. J. 2014. Differential influence of fluoride concentration on the synthesis of bone matrix glycoproteins within mineralizing bone cellsin vitro. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 72(8), pp. 1066-1069. (10.3109/00016357.2014.882982)

2013

Roberts, J. L., Maillard, J., Waddington, R. J., Denyer, S. P., Lynch, C. D. and Sloan, A. J. 2013. Development of an ex vivo coculture system to model pulpal infection by Streptococcus anginosus group bacteria. Journal of Endodontics 39(1), pp. 49-56. (10.1016/j.joen.2012.09.005)
Waddington, R. J., Landrygan-Bakri, J., Wilson, M., Williams, D. W. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2013. Impact of bidirectional relationships between streptococcus anginosus group and host tissue matrix components on cellular activity: Role in establishment of infection. Microbiology Discovery 1(1), pp. 4-15. (10.7243/2052-6180-1-4)
Sloan, A. J., Taylor, S. Y., Smith, E. L., Roberts, J. L., Chen, L., Wei, X. Q. and Waddington, R. J. 2013. A novel ex vivo culture model for inflammatory bone destruction. Journal of Dental Research 92(8), pp. 728-734. (10.1177/0022034513495240)

2012

Colombo, J. S., Carley, A. F., Fleming, G. J., Crean, S. J., Sloan, A. J. and Waddington, R. J. 2012. Osteogenic potential of bone marrow stromal cells on smooth, roughened, and tricalcium phosphate-modified titanium alloy surfaces. Internation Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants 27(5), pp. 1029-1042.
Landrygan-Bakri, J., Wilson, M. J., Williams, D. W., Lewis, M. A. O. and Waddington, R. J. 2012. Real-time monitoring of adherence of Streptococcus anginosus group bacteria to extracellular matrix decorin and biglycan proteoglycans in biofilm formation. Research in Microbiology 163(6-7), pp. 436-447. (10.1016/j.resmic.2012.07.006)
Colombo, J. S., Satoshi, S., Okazaki, J., Crean, S., Sloan, A. J. and Waddington, R. J. 2012. In vivo monitoring of the bone healing process around different titanium alloy implant surfaces placed into fresh extraction sockets. Journal of Dentistry 40(4), pp. 338-346. (10.1016/j.jdent.2012.01.010)
Waddington, R. J. and Sloan, A. J. 2012. Is there anything to be gained by augmenting the implant surface?. Faculty Dental Journal 3(1), pp. 28-33. (10.1308/204268512X13207759526292)
Wan Hassan, W. N., Stephenson, P. A., Waddington, R. J. and Sloan, A. J. 2012. An ex vivo culture model for orthodontically induced root resorption. Journal of dentistry 40(5), pp. 406-416. (10.1016/j.jdent.2012.02.002)

2011

Waddington, R. J., Alraies, A., Colombo, J. S., Sloan, A. J., Okazaki, J. and Moseley, R. 2011. Characterization of oxidative stress status during diabetic bone healing. Cells Tissues Organs 194(2-4), pp. 307-312. (10.1159/000324251)
Colombo, J. S., Balani, D., Sloan, A. J., Crean, S. J., Okazaki, J. and Waddington, R. J. 2011. Delayed osteoblast differentiation and altered inflammatory response around implants placed in incisor sockets of type 2 diabetic rats. Clinical Oral Implants Research 22(6), pp. 578-586. (10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.01992.x)
Smith, E., Colombo, J. S., Sloan, A. J. and Waddington, R. J. 2011. TGF-beta1 exposure from bone surfaces by chemical treatment modalities. European Cells & Materials 21, pp. 193-201.
Sanda, S., Sakai, D., Waddington, R. J., Komasa, Y. and Okazaki, J. 2011. Stability of beat tricalcium phosphate-coated mini-implants in rat tooth sockets. Journal of Osaka Dental University 45(1), pp. 135-141.

2010

Smith, E., Locke, M., Waddington, R. J. and Sloan, A. J. 2010. An ex vivo rodent mandible culture model for bone repair. Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods 16(6), pp. 1287-1296. (10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0698)

2009

Waddington, R. J., Youde, S. J., Lee, C. P. and Sloan, A. J. 2009. Isolation of distinct progenitor stem cell populations from dental pulp. Cells Tissues Organs 189(1-4), pp. 268-274. (10.1159/000151447)
Baker, S. M., Sugars, R. V., Wendel, M., Smith, A. J., Waddington, R. J., Cooper, P. R. and Sloan, A. J. 2009. TGF-β/extracellular matrix interactions in dentin matrix: a role in regulating sequestration and protection of bioactivity. Calcified Tissue International 85(1), pp. 66-74. (10.1007/s00223-009-9248-4)
Sloan, A. J. and Waddington, R. J. 2009. Dental pulp stem cells: what, where, how?. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 19(1), pp. 61-70. (10.1111/j.1365-263X.2008.00964.x)

2008

Fiedler, L., Schonherr, E. H., Waddington, R. J., Niland, S., Seidler, D. G., Aeschlimann, D. and Eble, J. A. 2008. Decorin regulates endothelial cell motility on collagen I through activation of insulin-like growth factor I receptor and modulation of α2β1 integrin activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 283(25), pp. 17406-17415. (10.1074/jbc.M710025200)
Roberts, H. C., Moseley, R., Sloan, A. J., Youde, S. J. and Waddington, R. J. 2008. Lipopolysaccharide alters decorin and biglycan synthesis in rat alveolar bone osteoblasts: Consequences for bone repair during periodontal disease. European Journal of Oral Sciences 116(3), pp. 207-216. (10.1111/j.1600-0722.2008.00535.x)
Kereshanan, S., Stephenson, P. A. and Waddington, R. J. 2008. Identification of dentine sialoprotein in gingival crevicular fluid during physiological root resorption and orthodontic tooth movement. European Journal of Orthodontics 30(3), pp. 307-314. (10.1093/ejo/cjn024)

2007

Stringer, B. et al. 2007. Bespoke Human Hypertrophic Chondrocytic Cell Lines Provide the Osteoinductive Signals Required for Vascularized Bone Formation. Tissue Engineering 13(1), pp. 133-145. (10.1089/ten.2006.0111)

2006

Okazaki, J. et al. 2006. Measuring sulfated glycosaminoglycans in gingival crevicular fluid based on Dimethylmethylene Blue. Journal of Oral Tissue Engineering 4(1), pp. 51-56.
Milan, A. M., Sugars, R. V., Embery, G. and Waddington, R. J. 2006. Adsorption and interactions of dentine phosphoprotein with hydroxyapatite and collagen. European Journal of Oral Sciences 114(3), pp. 223-231. (10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00347.x)
Sugars, R. V., Olsson, M., Waddington, R. J. and Wendel, M. 2006. Substitution of bovine dentine sialoprotein with chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. European Journal of Oral Sciences 114(1), pp. 89-92. (10.1111/j.1600-0722.2006.00271.x)

2005

Milan, A. M., Sugars, R. V., Embery, G. and Waddington, R. J. 2005. Modulation of collagen fibrillogenesis by dentinal proteoglycans. Calcified Tissue International 76(2), pp. 127-135. (10.1007/s00223-004-0033-0)

2004

Waddington, R. J., Moseley, R., Smith, A. J., Sloan, A. J. and Embery, G. 2004. Fluoride-induced changes to proteoglycan structure synthesised within the dentine-pulp complex in vitro. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease 1689(2), pp. 142-151. (10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.03.003)
Moseley, R., Stewart, J. E., Stephens, P., Waddington, R. J. and Thomas, D. W. 2004. Extracellular matrix metabolites as potential biomarkers of disease activity in wound fluid: lessons learned from other inflammatory diseases?. British Journal of Dermatology 150(3), pp. 401-413. (10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05845.x)
Moseley, R., Hilton, J. R., Waddington, R. J., Harding, K. G., Stephens, P. and Thomas, D. W. 2004. Comparison of oxidative stress biomarker profiles between acute and chronic wound environments. Wound Repair and Regeneration 12(4), pp. 419-429. (10.1111/j.1067-1927.2004.12406.x)

2003

Moseley, R., Waddington, R. J., Sloan, A. J., Smith, A. J., Hall, R. and Embery, G. 2003. The influence of fluoride exposure on dentin mineralization using an in vitro organ culture model. Calcified Tissue International 73(5), pp. 470-475. (10.1007/s00223-003-0022-8)
Waddington, R. J., Hall, R., Embery, G. and Lloyd, D. 2003. Changing profiles of proteoglycans in the transition of predentine to dentine. Matrix Biology 22(2), pp. 153-161. (10.1016/S0945-053X(03)00019-2)
Moseley, R., Sloan, A. J., Waddington, R. J., Smith, A. J., Hall, R. and Embery, G. 2003. The influence of fluoride on the cellular morphology and synthetic activity of the rat dentine-pulp complex in vitro. Archives of Oral Biology 48(1), pp. 39-46. (10.1016/S0003-9969(02)00160-7)
Embery, G., Milner, A. C., Waddington, R. J., Hall, R. C., Langley, M. S. and Milan, A. M. 2003. Identification of proteinaceous material in the bone of the dinosaur Iguanodon. Connective Tissue Research 44(s1), pp. 41-46.
Waddington, R. J. and Langley, M. S. 2003. Altered expression of matrix metalloproteinases within mineralizing bone cells in vitro in the presence of fluoride. Connective Tissue Research 44(2), pp. 88-95.
Sugars, R. V., Milan, A. M., Brown, J. O., Waddington, R. J. and Embery, G. 2003. Molecular interaction of recombinant decorin and biglycan with type 1 collagen influences crystal growth. Connective Tissue Research 44(s1), pp. 189-195.
Waddington, R. J., Roberts, H. C., Sugars, R. V. and Schonherr, E. 2003. Differential roles for small leucine-rich proteoglycans in bone formation. European Cells and Materials 6, pp. 12-21.
Moseley, R., Walker, M., Waddington, R. J. and Chen, W. 2003. Comparison of the antioxidant properties of wound dressing materials-carboxymethylcellulose, hyaluronan benzyl ester and hyaluronan, towards polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived reactive oxygen species. Biomaterials 24(9), pp. 1549-1557. (10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00540-9)
Milan, A. M., Waddington, R. J., Smith, P. M. and Embery, G. 2003. Odontoblast transport of sulphate - the in vitro influence of fluoride. Archives of Oral Biology 48(5), pp. 377-387. (10.1016/S0003-9969(03)00016-5)

2002

Sugars, R. V., Waddington, R. J. and Embery, G. 2002. The interaction of recombinant decorin with α2HS-Glycoprotein-Implications for structural and functional investigations. Protein Expression and Purification 25(1), pp. 180-188. (10.1006/prep.2002.1625)
Moseley, R., Leaver, M., Waddington, R. J., Walker, M., Parsons, D., Chen, W. and Embery, G. 2002. Comparison of the antioxidant properties of HYAFF-11p75, AQUACEL and hyaluronan towards reactive oxygen species in vitro. Biomaterials 23(10), pp. 2255-2264. (10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00360-X)
Moseley, R., Waddington, R. J. and Embery, G. 2002. Hyaluronan and its potential role in periodontal healing. Dental Update 29(3), pp. 144-148.
Sloan, A. J., Moseley, R., Dobie, K., Waddington, R. J. and Smith, A. J. 2002. TGF-beta latency-associated peptides (LAPs) in human dentin matrix and pulp. Connective Tissue Research 43(2-3), pp. 381-386. (10.1080/03008200290000916)
Moseley, R., Waddington, R. J. and Embery, G. 2002. The degradation of hyaluronan during periodontal diseases: A potential role for reactive oxygen species. In: Kennedy, J. F. et al. eds. Hyaluronan, Volume 2. Biomedical, Medical and Clinical Aspects. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Ltd, pp. 223-230.

2000

Waddington, R. J., Moseley, R. and Embery, G. 2000. Periodontal disease mechanisms - Reactive oxygen species: a potential role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Oral Diseases 6(3), pp. 138-151. (10.1111/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00325.x)

1998

Moseley, R., Waddington, R. J., Embery, G. and Rees, S. G. 1998. The modification of alveolar bone proteoglycans by reactive oxygen species in vitro. Connective Tissue Research 37(1-2), pp. 13-28. (10.3109/03008209809028897)

1997

Moseley, R., Waddington, R. J. and Embery, G. 1997. Degradation of glycosaminoglycans by reactive oxygen species derived from stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease 1362(2-3), pp. 221-231. (10.1016/S0925-4439(97)00083-5)

1996

Taylor, G. C., Waddington, R. J., Moseley, R., Williams, K. R. and Embery, G. 1996. Influence of titanium oxide and titanium peroxy gel on the breakdown of hyaluronan by reactive oxygen species. Biomaterials 17(13), pp. 1313-1319. (10.1016/S0142-9612(96)80008-1)

1995

Moseley, R., Waddington, R. J., Evans, P., Halliwell, B. and Embery, G. 1995. The chemical modification of glycosaminoglycan structure by oxygen-derived species in vitro. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1244(2-3), pp. 245-252. (10.1016/0304-4165(95)00010-9)

Selected Projects

Osseointegration around titanium implants and diabetic bone healing.
Influence of surface modification of titanium on progenitor bone cell behaviour during osseointegration.
Adult stem / progenitor cells from bone marrow and dental pulp and role of the extracellular matrix in stem cell biology and mineralised tissue repair.
Influence of bacterial pathogens (LPS) on altered bone cell activity, protein synthesis and remodelling of the extracellular matrix during inflammatory periodontal disease.
Matrix metabolites and cytokine profiles as biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid and their development as chair-side diagnostic assays of active periodontal disease.
An ex vivo mandible culture model to study inflammatory bone disease and bone regeneration.
The role of the extracellular matrix in growth factor presentation during mineralised tissue repair.
Ex vivo modelling of antimicrobial measures in pulpal disease.
Dentinal matrix components in gingival crevicular fluid as biomarkers of root resorption.
Host-microbial interactions and cellular responses associated with Streptococcus milleri infections.
Use of recombinant and native proteins in the evaluation of the functional roles of small leucine rich proteoglycans and dentine phosphoproteins in bone and dentine.
Influence of fluoride on protein on altered bone cell activity, protein synthesis and remodelling of the extracellular matrix.

Recent Grants

MRC- Harnessing Dental Pulp Stem Cells to Enhance Tissue Regeneration AJ Sloan (PI), RJ Waddington 2010 $acirc; 2012 £274K

GSK - Effect of GSK agent on bone cell/tissue behaviour ex-vivo. AJ Sloan, RJ Waddington, JS Rees, 10/2009; £25,000

NC3Rs - An ex vivo mouse mandible culture model to study inflammatory bone disease. AJ Sloan (PI), RJ Waddington and XQ Wei, 2006 $acirc; 2008; £195,000

General Implant Forum Training. Behaviour of bone cells on modified titanium surfaces, RJ Waddington (PI) StJ Crean, AJ Sloan, 2006 $acirc; 2009; £60,000

NC3Rs $acirc; Human Pulpal Progenitor Cells: The development of a dental pulp stem cell assay system. AJ Sloan (PI), RJ Waddington, DP Aeschlimann 2007 $acirc; 2008; £2,000

Grant in aid for scientific research in Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology - Functional control to dental titanium implants using biomimetic matrix, J Okazaki, RJ Waddington 2006-2008; £16,000

Cardiff University, Richard Whipp Studentship - Ex vivo modelling of anti-microbial control measures in pulpal disease. AJ Sloan (Co-PI) J-Y Maillard (Co-PI), S Denyer, RJ Waddington, M Wilson and D Schmaljohann, 2006 $acirc; 2009; £35,000

Welsh Office for Research & Development $acirc; Commitment and potential of dental pulp stem cells: their role in directing dental tissue regeneration. AJ Sloan (PI), RJ Waddington, J Rees 2007-2010; £70,000

Director of postgraduate Research Studies - ensuring academic quality in the admissions, provision and monitoring of postgraduate research programmes of study.
Extensive mentoring experience for early stage researchers and academics both within Cardiff University and other Welsh academic institutions
Undergraduate and postgraduate teaching - bone and dentine biology, tooth development and structure, periodontal connective tissues in health and disease, osseointegration, fluoride and mineralised tissues and caries development.
Fellow of the Higher Education Academy since 2001; Member of the Leadership foundation for Higher Education since 2008. Educational experience in academic course management; course development and validation; preparation assessment criteria and assessment of both formative and summative assessments.
External examiner for more than 10 higher degrees theses; Currently external Examiner for Basic Science module 2nd BDS course, Queen's University Belfast

Career Profile

1984: BSc (Hons), Biochemistry; University of Birmingham, UK.

1988: PhD, Oral Biochemistry; University of Liverpool, UK.

1989: Diploma in Biomedical Methods, University Wales College of Medicine, UK.

1987-1989: MRC Postdoctoral Research Assistant, Department of Basic Dental Science, University of Wales College of Medicine, UK.

1989: Non-Clinical Lecturer in Oral Biochemistry, Department of Basic Dental Science, University of Wales College of Medicine, UK.

1998: Promoted to Senior Lecturer

2006: Promoted to Reader

Teaching Profile

Undergraduate Teaching and Assessment

Undergraduate Dental Clinical Course (BDS): Deputy course co-ordinators for the Oral Ecosystem theme and project co-ordinator for Year 2 extended essay; Provision of teaching associated with tooth development and structure, periodontal connective tissues in health and disease, osseointegration, fluoride and mineralised tissues and caries; academic management; course development; preparation assessment criteria and assessment of both formative and summative assessments. Personal tutor to 5 BDS students / year.

Intercalated Dental BSc: Module leader; DE3005- Cell Biology of Oral Destruction; course management for teaching provision and assessment; teaching for molecular mechanisms of periodontal destruction, biological basis for therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.

Postgraduate Teaching

Contribute lectures/seminars to postgraduate taught programmes of study MSc orthodontics, GDP training implantology; MSc Implantology, MSc Clinical Dentistry. Subjects taught include osseointegration, bone grafting, molecular and cell biology of the periodontal tissues in orthodontics.

Postgraduate Supervision

Successful supervision of:- 10 PhD students (Moseley,1996 (PI); Rees,1997; Stubbs,1998; Milan1999(PI); Sugars, 2001(PI); Roberts 2004(PI); Landrygan, 2006(PI); Fiedler, 2007; Smith, 2009; Colombo 2010(PI)) - 4 students have won National Research prizes from research as part of their studies. 2 MPhil (1997, 2001), 5 MScD clinical student projects (1999, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2007, 2010) - 2 awarded distinction. 12 Intercalated BSc projects. Currently supervisor 3 PhD student projects as primary supervisor, 4 PhD students as co-supervisor, 2 MScD / MPhil students.

External Assessment

Past and current - External examiner for 2^nd BDS Parts I and II Oral Sciences and Medicine, Liverpool University (2002-2006); BDS Stage 2 Part 1, Newcastle University (2007-2009); International Qualifying Exam (Basic Dental Sciences), Royal College of Surgeons, England (2001-2003); PhD and MPhil theses examination. External Examiner for PhD thesis (Eastman Dental Institute, London; Liverpool; Birmingham; Newcastle; Leeds).

Memberships / External Activities

The Higher Education Academy $acirc; admitted as registered practitioner 2001
International Association of Dental Research
British Society for Oral Dental Research
Councillor $acirc; BSDR management committee 2002-2004
Chair of MINTIG group of BSODR 2008-
British Matrix Biology Society
Association for Basic Science Teachers in Dentistry
Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair
COST European Concerted research Action B23 $acirc; Oral facial development and regeneration

Awards and Prizes

MINTIG Prize $acirc; 1996: Research travel prize awarded by the Mineralised Tissue Research Group of the British Society for Dental Research for best oral presentation, sponsored by SmithKline Beecham.
Senior Colgate Prize $acirc; 1990: Awarded by the British Society for Dental Research for the presentation of best oral research communication.

Anrhydeddau a dyfarniadau

Senior Colgate prize (1990) and the MINTIG Mineralised tissue Research travel prize (1996), both awarded by the British Society for Dental and Oral Research

Rachel has successfully supervised more than 25 PhD doctoral and 15 masters research student projects. Approximately 90% of PhD students have successfully progressed into research positions on graduating and six have been successful in establishing academic careers within university institutions in the UK, Sweden, US, Iraq and Malysia.

Contact Details

WaddingtonRJ@caerdydd.ac.uk
+44 29225 10647
Ysbyty Deintyddol y Brifysgol, Ystafell Room 412, Parc y Mynydd Bychan, Caerdydd, CF14 4XY