Professor Len Nokes

2022

• Alqazzaz, S. et al., 2022. Combined features in region of interest for brain tumor segmentation. Journal of Digital Imaging 35 , pp.938-946. (10.1007/s10278-022-00602-1)
• Strutzenberger, G. et al., 2022. Player-surface interactions: perception in elite soccer and rugby players on artificial and natural turf. Sports Biomechanics 21 (9), pp.1021-1031. (10.1080/14763141.2020.1720279)

2021

• Al-qazzaz, S. et al. 2021. Image classification-based brain tumour tissue segmentation. Multimedia Tools and Applications 80 , pp.993-1008. (10.1007/s11042-020-09661-4)

2019

• Alqazzaz, S. et al., 2019. Automated brain tumor segmentation on multi-modal MR image using SegNet. Computational Visual Media 5 (2), pp.209-219. (10.1007/s41095-019-0139-y)
• Brock, J. et al. 2019. An update on the role of Actovegin in musculoskeletal medicine: a review of the last 10 years. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 30 (1), pp.83-90. (10.1097/JSM.0000000000000566)
• Hickey, B. et al. 2019. Can we use biomarkers of coagulation to predict which patients with foot and ankle injury will develop vein thrombosis?. Foot and Ankle Surgery 25 (1), pp.59-62. (10.1016/j.fas.2017.08.002)

2018

• Hickey, B. et al. 2018. Does thromboprophylaxis reduce symptomatic venous thromboembolism in patients with below knee cast treatment for foot and ankle trauma? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Foot and Ankle Surgery 24 (1), pp.19-27. (10.1016/j.fas.2016.06.005)
• Mahmutyazicioglu, J. et al. 2018. Is it necessary to adjust current creatine kinase reference ranges to reflect levels found in professional footballers?. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4 (1) e000282. (10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000282)
• Manoharan, G. et al., 2018. Distal fibula oblique fracture fixation using one-third tubular plate with and without lag screw ? A biomechanical study of stability. Journal of Orthopaedics 15 (2), pp.549-552. (10.1016/j.jor.2018.05.011)

2017

• Armstrong, H. S. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2017. Sensor node acceleration signatures and electromyography in synchronisation and sequencing analysis in sports: a rowing perspective. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 231 (4), pp.253-261. (10.1177/1754337116667204)
• Hickey, B. A. et al. 2017. The effect of active toe movement (AToM) on calf pump function and deep vein thrombosis in patients with acute foot and ankle trauma treated with cast - a prospective randomized study. Foot and Ankle Surgery 23 (3), pp.183-188. (10.1016/j.fas.2016.04.007)
• Strutzenberger, G. , Nokes, L. and Irwin, G. 2017. Artificial turf in football: an injury perspective. In: Nunome, H. , Henning, E. and Smith, N. eds. Football Biomechanics. UK: Routledge. , pp.204-221.

2016

• Lee, P. Y. F. et al. 2016. Actovegin equals performance enhancing drug doping: fact or fiction. Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering 7 (3) 179. (10.4172/2157-7552.1000179)
• Lee, P. Y. F. et al. 2016. Should we treat soft tissue injuries with Actovegin. EC Orthopaedics 4 (4), pp.600-604.
• Yeung, J. et al. 2016. Mobility, proprioception, strength and FMS as predictors of injury in professional footballers. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2 (1) e000134. (10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000134)

2015

• Aldahlawi, R. , Pugh, N. and Nokes, L. 2015. The use of texture analysis in diagnosing ovarian masses (preliminary results). BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 122 , pp.3.

2013

• Ghazzawi, A. A. , Nokes, L. D. M. and Byrne, C. B. B. 2013. Kagers fat pad's load bearing function: Initial study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 94-B (XVIII), pp.58.
• Hughes, M. G. et al., 2013. The effect of high ambient temperature on the responses to a controlled football simulation. Presented at: 18th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science Barcelona, Spain 26-29 June 2013.
• Malhas, A. , Wigdewrowitz, C. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2013. The effect of rotator cuff pathology on the pressure distribution of the glenohumeral joint in a biomechanical model. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 94-B (s. XXI), pp.53.
• Wdowski, M. M. et al., 2013. Short-term kinematic adaptation to unanticipated sprint running conditions in field sport. Presented at: 18th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science Barcelona, Spain 26-29 June 2013.

2012

• Lee, P. , Nokes, L. D. M. and Smith, P. 2012. No Effect of Intravenous Actovegin® on Peak Aerobic Capacity. International Journal of Sports Medicine 33 (4), pp.305-309. (10.1055/s-0031-1291322)
• Wdowski, M. M. et al., 2012. Performance outcome adaptation in field sport sprinting. Presented at: ICSEMIS 2012 Glasgow, UK 21 July 2012.
• Wdowski, M. M. et al., 2012. Short-term biomechanical adaptation in a maximum velocity field sport sprinting protocol. Presented at: BASES Biomechanics Interest Group 27th Easter Meeting University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland 4 April 2012.
• Wdowski, M. M. et al., 2012. Short-term biomechanical adaptation in a maximum velocity field sport sprinting protocol: pilot investigation. Presented at: ISBS 2012: 30th Conference of the International Society of Biomechanics in Sport Melbourne, Australia 2-6 July 2012.
• Wdowski, M. M. et al., 2012. Short-term technique adaptation in a maximum velocity field sport sprinting protocol. Presented at: Speaking of Science 2012 Cardiff, UK 3 May 2012.
• Wdowski, M. M. et al., 2012. Short-term technique adaptation in a maximum velocity field sport sprinting protocol. Presented at: UWIC Annual Academic Associate Symposium Cardiff, UK 22 March 2012.
• Yang, X. et al. 2012. The volume of the neovascularity and its clinical implications in Achilles tendinopathy. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 38 (11), pp.1887-1895. (10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.07.002)
• Yang, X. et al. 2012. A simple guide to analog electronic circuits, devices, and applications. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronic Industry.

2011

• Jones, P. et al., 2011. Stance leg frontal plane stability during lateral bounds. British Journal of Sports Medicine 45 (4), pp.354-355. (10.1136/bjsm.2011.084038.126)
• Lee, P. , Kwan, A. S. K. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2011. Actovegin® cutting-edge sports medicine or 'Voodoo' remedy?. Current Sports Medicine Reports 10 (4), pp.186-190. (10.1249/JSR.0b013e318223cd8a)
• Lee, P. et al. 2011. Our experience on Actovegin, is it cutting edge?. International Journal of Sports Medicine 32 (4), pp.237-241. (10.1055/s-0030-1269862)
• Yang, X. et al. 2011. A novel 3-D power Doppler ultrasound approach to the quantification of Achilles tendon neovascularity. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 37 (7), pp.1046-1055. (10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.04.008)
• Yang, X. et al. 2011. Quantifying neovascularization in Achilles tendinopathy using 3D power Doppler ultrasound: the correlation between the clinical severity and the volume of neovascularization. Presented at: IPEM Conferences: The Physics & Technology of Medical Ultrasound York, UK 16 - 17 March 2011.
• Yang, X. et al. 2011. Quantitative assessment of intra-vascular volume in human Achilles tendinopathy. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology 35 (3-4), pp.172-178. (10.3109/03091902.2011.558170)
• Yang, X. et al. 2011. All you need to know about the 8051 microcontroller. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronic Industry.

2010

• Landham, P. R. et al., 2010. Friction as a potential cause of paratenonitis [Abstract]. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 92-B (I 59)
• Stokes, O. D. et al., 2010. Panoramic ultrasound to measure in vivo teno Achilles strain. Foot and Ankle International 31 (10), pp.905-909. (10.3113/FAI.2010.0905)
• Theobald, P. et al. 2010. The predicted risk of head injury from fall related impacts on to third-generation artificial turf and grass soccer surfaces: A comparative biomechanical analysis. Sports Biomechanics 9 (1), pp.29-37. (10.1080/14763141003690245)
• Theobald, P. et al. 2010. Using head injury criterion (HIC) to assess the risk of concussion following head impact. Presented at: 17th Congress of the European Society of Biomechanics (ESB2010) Edinburgh, UK 5-8 July 2010.
• Yang, X. et al. 2010. Quantifying neovascularization in Achilles tendinopathy. Presented at: All-Wales IPEM Scientific Conference Cardiff, UK 10 June 2010.
• Yang, X. et al. 2010. Circuit design from the ground up (2nd edition). Beijing: Publishing House of Electronic Industry.
• Yang, X. et al. 2010. Are Doppler studies a useful method of assessing neovascularization in human Achilles tendinopathy? A systematic review and suggestions for optimizing machine settings. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology 35 (7-8), pp.365-372. (10.3109/03091902.2010.497892)

2009

• Ghazzawi, A. A. et al. 2009. Quantifying the motion of Kager's fat pad. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 27 (11), pp.1457-1460. (10.1002/jor.20900)
• Jones, P. et al., 2009. Lower limb landing biomechanics on natural and football turf. Presented at: 27th International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports Limerick, Ireland, pp.664-667.
• Jones, P. L. et al., 2009. Biomechanical adaptations when landing on football turf. Presented at: 1st International Conference on Mathematical and Computational Biomedical Engineering Swansea, UK, pp.427-430.
• Jones, P. L. et al., 2009. Three dimensional analysis of knee biomechanics when landing on natural turf and football turf. Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering 29 (4), pp.184-188.

2008

• Khan, W. S. et al., 2008. Biomechanical assessment of forces acting across the patella to determine the optimal treatment of patella fractures [Abstract]. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British) 90-B (S2), pp.323.
• Landham, P. R. et al. 2008. A bio-tribological analysis of paratenonitis. Presented at: STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference (IJTC2008) Miami, FL, USA 20-22 October 2008. Proceedings of the STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference (IJTC2008), October 20–22, 2008 , Miami, Florida, USA. ASME Conference Proceedings New York, NY: ASME. , pp.131-133. (10.1115/IJTC2008-71158)

2007

• Higham, T. F. G. , Bronk Ramsey, C. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2007. AMS radiocarbon dating of bones from St David's Cathedral. In: Evans, J. W. and Wooding, J. M. eds. St David of Wales: Cult, Church and Nation. Studies in Celtic History Vol. 24.Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. , pp.282-285.
• Khan, W. S. et al., 2007. How to best immobilise extensor mechanism injuries of the knee: A gait analysis study. Presented at: 53rd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society San Diego, USAVol. 139.
• Khan, W. S. et al., 2007. The Relationship of the Angle of Immobilisation of the Knee to the Force Applied to the Extensor Mechanism When Partially Weight Bearing. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 89-B (7), pp.911-914. (10.1302/0301-620X.89B7.18452)
• Tasker, L. H. , Sparey-Taylor, G. J. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2007. Applications of nanotechnology in orthopaedics. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 456 , pp.243-249. (10.1097/BLO.0b013e31803125f4)
• Theobald, P. et al. 2007. The Potential Frictional Significance of Kagers Fat Pad. Presented at: 53rd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society San Diego, USA
• Theobald, P. et al. 2007. Lubrication regime of the contact between fat and bone in bovine tissue. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of engineering in medicine 221 (4), pp.351-356. (10.1243/09544119JEIM176)
• Wheeler, H. J. , Nokes, L. D. M. and Powell, T. 2007. A review of high frequency oscillation ventilation in the neonate. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology 31 (5), pp.367-374.

2006

• Khan, W. S. et al., 2006. Biomechanical assessment of the knee joint to identify the optimum form of immobilisation in partially bearing patella fracture and extensor mechanism injuries. Presented at: BRS/BORS 1st Joint Meeting Southampton, UK 5-6 July 2006.
• Theobald, P. et al. 2006. The functional anatomy of Kager's fat pad in relation to retrocalcaneal problems and other hindfoot disorders. Journal of anatomy 208 (1), pp.91-97. (10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00510.x)
• Whatling, G. M. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2006. Literature review of current techniques for the insertion of distal screws into intramedullary locking nails. Injury 37 (2), pp.109-119. (10.1016/j.injury.2005.09.009)

2005

• Hossain, M. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2005. A model of dynamic sacro-iliac joint instability from malrecruitment of gluteus maximus and biceps femoris muscles resulting in low back pain. Medical Hypotheses 65 (2), pp.278-281. (10.1016/j.mehy.2005.02.035)
• Hussain, M. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2005. A biomechanical model of sacro iliac joint dysfunction as a cause of low back pain. Presented at: International Society of Biomechanics World Congress (ISB) Cleveland, USA
• Theobald, P. et al. 2005. Review of the vascularisation of the human Achilles tendon. Injury 36 (11), pp.1267-1272. (10.1016/j.injury.2005.02.012)

2004

• Zenios, M. , Nokes, L. D. M. and Galasko, C. S. B. 2004. The effect of biophosphonates on bone cement strength. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 71 , pp.322-326.

2003

• Avirimidis, K. , Swain, I. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2003. Electrical stimulation of the vastus medialis muscle. Presented at: 8th Annual Conference of the Functional Stimulation Society (IFESS) Brisbane, Australia
• Jones, M. D. et al. 2003. Subdural haemorrhage sustained in a baby-rocker? A biomechanical approach to causation. Forensic science international 131 (1), pp.14-21. (10.1016/S0379-0738(02)00382-1)
• Monk, J. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2003. Biomechanics of interference screws in post traumatic knee ligament re-construction. Presented at: 6th Congress of the European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Helsinki, Finland
• Nokes, L. D. M. 2003. Biomedical engineering at your service. Presented at: Proceedings of Extending the Scientific Foundations of Clinical Practice London, UK

2002

• Hopgood, P. , Monk, J. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2002. Tensile testing of mensical repair techniques. Presented at: British Orthopaedic Research Society Cardiff, UK
• Monk, J. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2002. Drilling the right tunnel: A biomechanical investigation of the optimum orientation for interference screws in post traumati knee ligament reconstruction. Presented at: Vienna Future Symposium Vienna, Austria
• Nathwani, D. K. , Nokes, L. D. M. and Frostick, S. P. 2002. Tensile properties of untwisted and twisted patellas tendum ACL ligaments. Presented at: British Orthopaedic Research Society Cardiff, UK
• Nokes, L. D. M. 2002. The relics of Saint David. Presented at: St David - Cult, Church and Nation. Lampeter, UK
• Nokes, L. D. M. et al. 2002. The estimation of the time since death in the early postmortem period (2nd Edition). London: Hodder Arnold.
• Zerios, M. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2002. The effect of mixing biophesphonates on bone cement strength. Presented at: British Orthopaedic Research Society Cardiff, UK

2001

• Cory, C. Z. et al., 2001. The potential innovations of utilising head impact injury models to assess the likelihood of significant head injury in infants after a fall. Journal of Forensic Science 117 , pp.1-18.
• Cory, C. Z. et al. 2001. The potential and limitations of utilising head impact injury models to assess the likelihood of significant head injury in infants after a fall. Forensic Science International 123 (2-3), pp.89-106. (10.1016/S0379-0738(01)00523-0)
• Eni-Olotu, D. O. et al., 2001. The use of hand held cement sample as a guide to the setting of In Situ cement mantle. Journal of Arthroplasty 16 (3), pp.376-378. (10.1054/arth.2001.20249)
• Goodfellow, J. , Gibbon, W. W. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2001. The Achilles heel of exercise [Letter]. Lancet 355 (9218), pp.1910. (10.1016/S0140-6736(05)73356-0)
• O'Callaghan, P. T. et al., 2001. A novel approach to forensic investigation: Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic motion analysis. Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 8 (2), pp.49-53. (10.1054/jcfm.2001.0487)
• O'Callaghan, P. T. et al., 2001. A biomechanical reconstruction of a wound caused by a glass shard - case report. Forensic Science International 117 (3), pp.221-231. (10.1016/S0379-0738(00)00399-6)

2000

• Nokes, L. D. M. et al. 2000. Observation on the recent examination of bones from St Davids cathedral. Medicine, Science and the Law 40 (1), pp.66-70.
• Wheeler, L. K. et al., 2000. Subjective assessment of blunt impacts. Medicine, Science and the Law 40 (3), pp.263-269.

1999

• O'Callaghan, P. T. et al., 1999. Dynamics of stab wounds: force required for penetration of various cadaveric human tissue. Forensic Science International 104 (2-3), pp.173-178. (10.1016/S0379-0738(99)00115-2)