Professor Len Nokes

2022

• Alqazzaz, S. et al. 2022. Combined features in region of interest for brain tumor segmentation. Journal of Digital Imaging 35, pp. 938-946. (10.1007/s10278-022-00602-1)
• Strutzenberger, G., Edmunds, R., Nokes, L. D. M., Mitchell, I. D., Mellalieu, S. D. and Irwin, G. 2022. Player-surface interactions: perception in elite soccer and rugby players on artificial and natural turf. Sports Biomechanics 21(9), pp. 1021-1031. (10.1080/14763141.2020.1720279)

2021

• Al-qazzaz, S., Sun, X., Yang, H., Yang, Y., Xu, R., Nokes, L. and Yang, X. 2021. Image classification-based brain tumour tissue segmentation. Multimedia Tools and Applications 80, pp. 993-1008. (10.1007/s11042-020-09661-4)

2019

• Alqazzaz, S., Sun, X., Yang, X. and Nokes, L. 2019. Automated brain tumor segmentation on multi-modal MR image using SegNet. Computational Visual Media 5(2), pp. 209-219. (10.1007/s41095-019-0139-y)
• Hickey, B., Cleves, A., Alikhan, R., Nokes, L. and Perera, A. 2019. Can we use biomarkers of coagulation to predict which patients with foot and ankle injury will develop vein thrombosis?. Foot and Ankle Surgery 25(1), pp. 59-62. (10.1016/j.fas.2017.08.002)
• Brock, J., Golding, D., Smith, P., Nokes, L., Kwan, A. and Lee, P. 2019. An update on the role of Actovegin in musculoskeletal medicine: a review of the last 10 years. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 30(1), pp. 83-90. (10.1097/JSM.0000000000000566)

2018

• Mahmutyazicioglu, J., Nash, J., Cleves, A. and Nokes, L. 2018. Is it necessary to adjust current creatine kinase reference ranges to reflect levels found in professional footballers?. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4(1), article number: e000282. (10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000282)
• Manoharan, G., Singh, R., Kuiper, J. H. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2018. Distal fibula oblique fracture fixation using one-third tubular plate with and without lag screw ? A biomechanical study of stability. Journal of Orthopaedics 15(2), pp. 549-552. (10.1016/j.jor.2018.05.011)
• Hickey, B., Watson, U., Cleves, A., Alikhan, R., Pugh, N., Nokes, L. and Perera, A. 2018. Does thromboprophylaxis reduce symptomatic venous thromboembolism in patients with below knee cast treatment for foot and ankle trauma? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Foot and Ankle Surgery 24(1), pp. 19-27. (10.1016/j.fas.2016.06.005)

2017

• Armstrong, H. S. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2017. Sensor node acceleration signatures and electromyography in synchronisation and sequencing analysis in sports: a rowing perspective. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 231(4), pp. 253-261. (10.1177/1754337116667204)
• Strutzenberger, G., Nokes, L. and Irwin, G. 2017. Artificial turf in football: an injury perspective. In: Nunome, H., Henning, E. and Smith, N. eds. Football Biomechanics. UK: Routledge, pp. 204-221.
• Hickey, B. A., Cleves, A., Alikhan, R., Pugh, N. D., Nokes, L. D. M. and Perera, A. 2017. The effect of active toe movement (AToM) on calf pump function and deep vein thrombosis in patients with acute foot and ankle trauma treated with cast - a prospective randomized study. Foot and Ankle Surgery 23(3), pp. 183-188. (10.1016/j.fas.2016.04.007)

2016

• Lee, P. Y. F., Kwan, A. P., Smith, P. and Nokes, L. 2016. Should we treat soft tissue injuries with Actovegin. EC Orthopaedics 4(4), pp. 600-604.
• Lee, P. Y. F., Kwan, A. P. L., Smith, P. M., Brock, J. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2016. Actovegin equals performance enhancing drug doping: fact or fiction. Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering 7(3), article number: 179. (10.4172/2157-7552.1000179)
• Yeung, J., Cleves, A., Griffiths, H. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2016. Mobility, proprioception, strength and FMS as predictors of injury in professional footballers. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2(1), article number: e000134. (10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000134)

2015

• Aldahlawi, R., Pugh, N. and Nokes, L. 2015. The use of texture analysis in diagnosing ovarian masses (preliminary results). BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 122, pp. 3.

2013

• Hughes, M. G., Meyers, R., Nokes, L. D. M., Oliver, J., Stembridge, M. and Stone, K. 2013. The effect of high ambient temperature on the responses to a controlled football simulation. Presented at: 18th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Barcelona, Spain, 26-29 June 2013.
• Malhas, A., Wigdewrowitz, C. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2013. The effect of rotator cuff pathology on the pressure distribution of the glenohumeral joint in a biomechanical model. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 94-B(s. XXI), pp. 53.
• Ghazzawi, A. A., Nokes, L. D. M. and Byrne, C. B. B. 2013. Kagers fat pad's load bearing function: Initial study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 94-B(XVIII), pp. 58.
• Wdowski, M. M., Gittoes, M. J. R., Irwin, G. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2013. Short-term kinematic adaptation to unanticipated sprint running conditions in field sport. Presented at: 18th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Barcelona, Spain, 26-29 June 2013.

2012

• Yang, X., Coleman, D. P., Pugh, N. D. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2012. The volume of the neovascularity and its clinical implications in Achilles tendinopathy. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 38(11), pp. 1887-1895. (10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.07.002)
• Wdowski, M. M., Gittoes, M. J., Irwin, G., Nokes, L. D. M. and Kerwin, D. K. 2012. Performance outcome adaptation in field sport sprinting. Presented at: ICSEMIS 2012, Glasgow, UK, 21 July 2012.
• Lee, P., Nokes, L. D. M. and Smith, P. 2012. No Effect of Intravenous Actovegin® on Peak Aerobic Capacity. International Journal of Sports Medicine 33(4), pp. 305-309. (10.1055/s-0031-1291322)
• Wdowski, M. M., Gittoes, M. J. R., Irwin, G., Nokes, L. D. M. and Kerwin, D. K. 2012. Short-term biomechanical adaptation in a maximum velocity field sport sprinting protocol: pilot investigation. Presented at: ISBS 2012: 30th Conference of the International Society of Biomechanics in Sport, Melbourne, Australia, 2-6 July 2012.
• Wdowski, M. M., Gittoes, M. J. R., Irwin, G., Nokes, L. D. M. and Kerwin, D. K. 2012. Short-term biomechanical adaptation in a maximum velocity field sport sprinting protocol. Presented at: BASES Biomechanics Interest Group 27th Easter Meeting, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, 4 April 2012.
• Wdowski, M. M., Gittoes, M. J. R., Irwin, G., Nokes, L. D. M. and Kerwin, D. K. 2012. Short-term technique adaptation in a maximum velocity field sport sprinting protocol. Presented at: Speaking of Science 2012, Cardiff, UK, 3 May 2012.
• Wdowski, M. M., Gittoes, M. J. R., Irwin, G., Nokes, L. D. M. and Kerwin, D. K. 2012. Short-term technique adaptation in a maximum velocity field sport sprinting protocol. Presented at: UWIC Annual Academic Associate Symposium, Cardiff, UK, 22 March 2012.
• Yang, X., Hu, W., Zhang, Y., Nokes, L. D. M., Wang, Y. F. and Liu, X. Q. 2012. A simple guide to analog electronic circuits, devices, and applications. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronic Industry.

2011

• Yang, X., Coleman, D. P., Pugh, N. D. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2011. A novel 3-D power Doppler ultrasound approach to the quantification of Achilles tendon neovascularity. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 37(7), pp. 1046-1055. (10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.04.008)
• Yang, X., Coleman, D. P., Pugh, N. D., Liu, W. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2011. Quantitative assessment of intra-vascular volume in human Achilles tendinopathy. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology 35(3-4), pp. 172-178. (10.3109/03091902.2011.558170)
• Lee, P., Rattenberry, A., Connelly, S. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2011. Our experience on Actovegin, is it cutting edge?. International Journal of Sports Medicine 32(4), pp. 237-241. (10.1055/s-0030-1269862)
• Lee, P., Kwan, A. S. K. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2011. Actovegin® cutting-edge sports medicine or 'Voodoo' remedy?. Current Sports Medicine Reports 10(4), pp. 186-190. (10.1249/JSR.0b013e318223cd8a)
• Yang, X., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhang, K. L., Nokes, L. D. M., Wang, Y. F. and Liu, X. Q. 2011. All you need to know about the 8051 microcontroller. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronic Industry.
• Jones, P., Kerwin, D., Irwin, G. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2011. Stance leg frontal plane stability during lateral bounds. British Journal of Sports Medicine 45(4), pp. 354-355. (10.1136/bjsm.2011.084038.126)
• Yang, X., Coleman, D. P., Pugh, N. D. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2011. Quantifying neovascularization in Achilles tendinopathy using 3D power Doppler ultrasound: the correlation between the clinical severity and the volume of neovascularization. Presented at: IPEM Conferences: The Physics & Technology of Medical Ultrasound, York, UK, 16 - 17 March 2011.

2010

• Stokes, O. D., Theobald, P., Pugh, N. D. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2010. Panoramic ultrasound to measure in vivo teno Achilles strain. Foot and Ankle International 31(10), pp. 905-909. (10.3113/FAI.2010.0905)
• Theobald, P., Whitelegg, L., Nokes, L. D. M. and Jones, M. D. 2010. Using head injury criterion (HIC) to assess the risk of concussion following head impact. Presented at: 17th Congress of the European Society of Biomechanics (ESB2010), Edinburgh, UK, 5-8 July 2010.
• Yang, X., Coleman, D. P., Pugh, N. D. and Nokes, L. D. m. 2010. Quantifying neovascularization in Achilles tendinopathy. Presented at: All-Wales IPEM Scientific Conference, Cardiff, UK, 10 June 2010.
• Yang, X., Pugh, N. D., Coleman, D. P. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2010. Are Doppler studies a useful method of assessing neovascularization in human Achilles tendinopathy? A systematic review and suggestions for optimizing machine settings. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology 35(7-8), pp. 365-372. (10.3109/03091902.2010.497892)
• Landham, P. R., Nokes, L. D. M., Byrne, C. B. B., Dowson, D., Dent, C. and Theobald, P. 2010. Friction as a potential cause of paratenonitis [Abstract]. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 92-B(I 59)
• Yang, X., Nokes, L. D. M., Wang, Y. and Liu, X. 2010. Circuit design from the ground up (2nd edition). Beijing: Publishing House of Electronic Industry.
• Theobald, P., Whitelegg, L., Nokes, L. D. M. and Jones, M. D. 2010. The predicted risk of head injury from fall related impacts on to third-generation artificial turf and grass soccer surfaces: A comparative biomechanical analysis. Sports Biomechanics 9(1), pp. 29-37. (10.1080/14763141003690245)

2009

• Ghazzawi, A. A., Theobald, P., Pugh, N. D., Byrne, C. B. B. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2009. Quantifying the motion of Kager's fat pad. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 27(11), pp. 1457-1460. (10.1002/jor.20900)
• Jones, P. L., Kerwin, D. G., Irwin, G. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2009. Biomechanical adaptations when landing on football turf. Presented at: 1st International Conference on Mathematical and Computational Biomedical Engineering, Swansea, UK. pp. 427-430.
• Jones, P. L., Kerwin, D. G., Irwin, G. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2009. Three dimensional analysis of knee biomechanics when landing on natural turf and football turf. Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering 29(4), pp. 184-188.
• Jones, P., Kerin, D., Irwin, G., Nokes, L. D. M. and Kaila, R. 2009. Lower limb landing biomechanics on natural and football turf. Presented at: 27th International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports, Limerick, Ireland. pp. 664-667.

2008

• Landham, P. R., Nokes, L. D. M., Byrne, C. B. B., Dowson, D., Dent, C. M. and Theobald, P. 2008. A bio-tribological analysis of paratenonitis. Presented at: STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference (IJTC2008), Miami, FL, USA, 20-22 October 2008Proceedings of the STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference (IJTC2008), October 20–22, 2008 , Miami, Florida, USA. ASME Conference Proceedings New York, NY: ASME pp. 131-133., (10.1115/IJTC2008-71158)
• Khan, W. S., Jones, R. K., Nokes, L. D. M. and Johnson, D. S. 2008. Biomechanical assessment of forces acting across the patella to determine the optimal treatment of patella fractures [Abstract]. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British) 90-B(S2), pp. 323.

2007

• Theobald, P. et al. 2007. Lubrication regime of the contact between fat and bone in bovine tissue. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of engineering in medicine 221(4), pp. 351-356. (10.1243/09544119JEIM176)
• Theobald, P. et al. 2007. The Potential Frictional Significance of Kagers Fat Pad. Presented at: 53rd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, San Diego, USA.
• Wheeler, H. J., Nokes, L. D. M. and Powell, T. 2007. A review of high frequency oscillation ventilation in the neonate. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology 31(5), pp. 367-374.
• Tasker, L. H., Sparey-Taylor, G. J. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2007. Applications of nanotechnology in orthopaedics. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 456, pp. 243-249. (10.1097/BLO.0b013e31803125f4)
• Khan, W. S., Nokes, L. D. M., Jones, R. and Johnson, D. S. 2007. The Relationship of the Angle of Immobilisation of the Knee to the Force Applied to the Extensor Mechanism When Partially Weight Bearing. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 89-B(7), pp. 911-914. (10.1302/0301-620X.89B7.18452)
• Higham, T. F. G., Bronk Ramsey, C. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2007. AMS radiocarbon dating of bones from St David's Cathedral. In: Evans, J. W. and Wooding, J. M. eds. St David of Wales: Cult, Church and Nation. Studies in Celtic History Vol. 24. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, pp. 282-285.
• Khan, W. S., Jones, R. K., Nokes, L. D. M. and Johnson, D. S. 2007. How to best immobilise extensor mechanism injuries of the knee: A gait analysis study. Presented at: 53rd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, San Diego, USA. Vol. 139.

2006

• Theobald, P., Bydder, G., Dent, C. M., Nokes, L. D. M., Pugh, N. D. and Benjamin, M. 2006. The functional anatomy of Kager's fat pad in relation to retrocalcaneal problems and other hindfoot disorders. Journal of anatomy 208(1), pp. 91-97. (10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00510.x)
• Khan, W. S., Jones, R. K., Nokes, L. D. M. and Johnson, D. S. 2006. Biomechanical assessment of the knee joint to identify the optimum form of immobilisation in partially bearing patella fracture and extensor mechanism injuries. Presented at: BRS/BORS 1st Joint Meeting, Southampton, UK, 5-6 July 2006.
• Whatling, G. M. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2006. Literature review of current techniques for the insertion of distal screws into intramedullary locking nails. Injury 37(2), pp. 109-119. (10.1016/j.injury.2005.09.009)

2005

• Hossain, M. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2005. A model of dynamic sacro-iliac joint instability from malrecruitment of gluteus maximus and biceps femoris muscles resulting in low back pain. Medical Hypotheses 65(2), pp. 278-281. (10.1016/j.mehy.2005.02.035)
• Hussain, M. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2005. A biomechanical model of sacro iliac joint dysfunction as a cause of low back pain. Presented at: International Society of Biomechanics World Congress (ISB), Cleveland, USA.
• Theobald, P., Benjamin, M., Nokes, L. D. M. and Pugh, N. 2005. Review of the vascularisation of the human Achilles tendon. Injury 36(11), pp. 1267-1272. (10.1016/j.injury.2005.02.012)

2004

• Zenios, M., Nokes, L. D. M. and Galasko, C. S. B. 2004. The effect of biophosphonates on bone cement strength. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 71, pp. 322-326.

2003

• Jones, M. D., James, D. S., Cory, C. Z., Leadbeatter, S. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2003. Subdural haemorrhage sustained in a baby-rocker? A biomechanical approach to causation. Forensic science international 131(1), pp. 14-21. (10.1016/S0379-0738(02)00382-1)
• Avirimidis, K., Swain, I. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2003. Electrical stimulation of the vastus medialis muscle. Presented at: 8th Annual Conference of the Functional Stimulation Society (IFESS), Brisbane, Australia.
• Nokes, L. D. M. 2003. Biomedical engineering at your service. Presented at: Proceedings of Extending the Scientific Foundations of Clinical Practice, London, UK.
• Monk, J. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2003. Biomechanics of interference screws in post traumatic knee ligament re-construction. Presented at: 6th Congress of the European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki, Finland.

2002

• Nokes, L. D. M., Henssge, C., Knight, B. H., Madea, B. and Krompecher, T. 2002. The estimation of the time since death in the early postmortem period (2nd Edition). London: Hodder Arnold.
• Zerios, M. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2002. The effect of mixing biophesphonates on bone cement strength. Presented at: British Orthopaedic Research Society, Cardiff, UK.
• Hopgood, P., Monk, J. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2002. Tensile testing of mensical repair techniques. Presented at: British Orthopaedic Research Society, Cardiff, UK.
• Monk, J. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2002. Drilling the right tunnel: A biomechanical investigation of the optimum orientation for interference screws in post traumati knee ligament reconstruction. Presented at: Vienna Future Symposium, Vienna, Austria.
• Nathwani, D. K., Nokes, L. D. M. and Frostick, S. P. 2002. Tensile properties of untwisted and twisted patellas tendum ACL ligaments. Presented at: British Orthopaedic Research Society, Cardiff, UK.
• Nokes, L. D. M. 2002. The relics of Saint David. Presented at: St David - Cult, Church and Nation., Lampeter, UK.

2001

• Cory, C. Z., Jones, M. D., James, D. S., Leadbetter, S. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2001. The potential and limitations of utilising head impact injury models to assess the likelihood of significant head injury in infants after a fall. Forensic Science International 123(2-3), pp. 89-106. (10.1016/S0379-0738(01)00523-0)
• O'Callaghan, P. T., Jones, M. D., Holt, C. A., Leadbeatter, S., Dent, C. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2001. A novel approach to forensic investigation: Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic motion analysis. Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 8(2), pp. 49-53. (10.1054/jcfm.2001.0487)
• O'Callaghan, P. T., Jones, M. D., James, D. S., Leadbetter, S., Evans, S. L. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2001. A biomechanical reconstruction of a wound caused by a glass shard - case report. Forensic Science International 117(3), pp. 221-231. (10.1016/S0379-0738(00)00399-6)
• Cory, C. Z., Jones, M. D., James, D. S. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2001. The potential innovations of utilising head impact injury models to assess the likelihood of significant head injury in infants after a fall. Journal of Forensic Science 117, pp. 1-18.
• Eni-Olotu, D. O., Nokes, L. D. M., Rassoulian, H. and Goddard, J. R. 2001. The use of hand held cement sample as a guide to the setting of In Situ cement mantle. Journal of Arthroplasty 16(3), pp. 376-378. (10.1054/arth.2001.20249)
• Goodfellow, J., Gibbon, W. W. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2001. The Achilles heel of exercise [Letter]. Lancet 355(9218), pp. 1910. (10.1016/S0140-6736(05)73356-0)

2000

• Wheeler, L. K., Maylia, E., Jones, M. D., Holt, C. A., Evans, S. L. and Nokes, L. D. M. 2000. Subjective assessment of blunt impacts. Medicine, Science and the Law 40(3), pp. 263-269.
• Nokes, L. D. M., Evans, W., Knight, B. and Dent, C. 2000. Observation on the recent examination of bones from St Davids cathedral. Medicine, Science and the Law 40(1), pp. 66-70.

1999

• O'Callaghan, P. T., Jones, M. D., James, D. S., Leadbetter, S., Holt, C. A. and Nokes, L. D. M. 1999. Dynamics of stab wounds: force required for penetration of various cadaveric human tissue. Forensic Science International 104(2-3), pp. 173-178. (10.1016/S0379-0738(99)00115-2)