![Ake Fagereng](https://profiles-cardiff.imgix.net/attachments/1719?w=200&h=200&auto=format&crop=faces&fit=crop&q=90")
Professor Ake Fagereng
(he/him)
Professor in Structural Geology
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences
- Available for postgraduate supervision
Overview
Interests
My interests are in how the Earth deforms and how this deformation is recorded in rocks. I typically observe rocks cropping out on the Earth's surface, but I also participate in drilling projects that collect samples underground. I am interested in both plate boundaries and plate interiors; specifically the range of seismic styles (from creep, through slow slip events, to giant earthquakes) in subduction zones, how rifts form and are controlled (or not) by pre-existing structures, why there are large earthquakes far from plate boundaries, and the interplay between fluids (water and melt) and deformation.
I explore these topics through field investigations of active and ancient deformation structures, microstructural investigation of deformed rocks, numerical models, and a range of geochemical and imaging techniques. I also participate in geophysical investigations.
Keywords:
- Structural geology
- Faults
- Subduction
- Rifting
- Earthquakes
- Slow slip and tremor
Publication
2024
- Lu, L. X., Beall, A. and Fagereng, ?. 2024. Effective bulk rheology of a two‐phase subduction shear zone: insights from micromechanics‐based modeling and implications for subduction interface slow slip events. Geophysical Research Letters 51(20), article number: e2024GL110830. (10.1029/2024gl110830)
- Tulley, C. J., ten Thij, L., Niemeijer, A. R., Hamers, M. F. and Fagereng, ?. 2024. Activation of dissolution‐precipitation creep causes weakening and viscous behavior in experimentally deformed antigorite. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 129(8), article number: e2024JB029053. (10.1029/2024jb029053)
- Wedmore, L. N. et al. 2024. The early onset of magmatic rift faulting in the Edward-George Rift, Uganda. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 638, article number: 118762. (10.1016/j.epsl.2024.118762)
- De Caroli, S., Fagereng, ?., Ujiie, K., Blenkinsop, T., Meneghini, F. and Muir, D. 2024. Deformation microstructures of low- and high-strain epidote-blueschist (Ryukyu arc, Japan): Implications for subduction interface rheology. Journal of Structural Geology 180, article number: 105041. (10.1016/j.jsg.2023.105041)
- Fagereng, A., Diener, J., Tulley, C. and Manda, B. 2024. Metamorphic inheritance, lower-crustal earthquakes, and continental rifting. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 25(3), article number: e2023GC011305. (10.1029/2023GC011305)
- Churchill, R. M., Werner, M. J., Biggs, J. and Fagereng, ?. 2024. Spatial relationships between coseismic slip, aseismic afterslip, and on‐fault aftershock density in continental earthquakes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 129(1), article number: e2023JB027168. (10.1029/2023jb027168)
2023
- Samsu, A., Micklethwaite, S., Williams, J. N., Fagereng, ?. and Cruden, A. R. 2023. Structural inheritance in amagmatic rift basins: Manifestations and mechanisms for how pre-existing structures influence rift-related faults. Earth-Science Reviews 246, article number: 104568. (10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104568)
- Williams, J. N. et al. 2023. Fault-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in regions with low strain rates and a thick seismogenic layer: a case study from Malawi. Geophysical Journal International 233(3), pp. 2172–2206. (10.1093/gji/ggad060)
- Angiboust, S., Cambeses, A., Fagereng, A., Menegon, L., Klein, F., Raimondo, T. and Prigent, C. 2023. Fluids in the Earth's lithosphere: From petrology to geodynamics. Lithos 452-45, article number: 107226. (10.1016/j.lithos.2023.107226)
- Wang, M. et al. 2023. Compactive deformation of incoming calcareous pelagic sediments, northern Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand: Implications for subduction processes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 605, article number: 118022. (10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118022)
- Daigle, H., Duarte, J., Fagereng, A., Paris, R., Persaud, P. and Gomez-Garcia, A. M. 2023. MagellanPlus Workshop: Mission-specific platform approaches to assessing natural hazards that impact society. Scientific Drilling 32, pp. 101-111. (10.5194/sd-32-101-2023)
2022
- Dulanya, Z., Gallen, S. F., Kolawole, F., Williams, J. N., Wedmore, L. N. J., Biggs, J. and Fagereng, ?. 2022. Knickpoint morphotectonics of the Middle Shire River basin: Implications for the evolution of rift interaction zones. Basin Research 34(6), pp. 1839-1858. (10.1111/bre.12687)
- Carpenter, M. et al. 2022. Comparing intrarift and border fault structure in the Malawi Rift: Implications for normal fault growth. Journal of Structural Geology 165, article number: 104761. (10.1016/j.jsg.2022.104761)
- Churchill, R. M., Werner, M. J., Biggs, J. and Fagereng, A. 2022. Relative afterslip moment does not correlate with aftershock productivity: implications for the relationship between afterslip and aftershocks. Geophysical Research Letters 49(24), article number: e2022GL101165. (10.1029/2022gl101165)
- Williams, J. et al. 2022. Geologic and geodetic constraints on the magnitude and frequency of earthquakes along Malawi’s active faults: the Malawi seismogenic source model (MSSM). Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22(11), pp. 3607-3639. (10.5194/nhess-22-3607-2022)
- Bateman, K. M. et al. 2022. Strategies for effective unmanned aerial vehicle use in geological field studies based on cognitive science principles. Geosphere 18(6), pp. 1958-1973. (10.1130/GES02440.1)
- Leah, H. and Fagereng, ?. 2022. Inherited heterogeneities can control viscous subduction zone deformation of carbonates at seismogenic depths. Geophysical Research Letters 49(19), article number: e2022GL099358. (10.1029/2022GL099358)
- Beall, A., van den Ende, M., Ampuero, J., Capitanio, F. A. and Fagereng, ?. 2022. Linking earthquake magnitude‐frequency statistics and stress in visco‐frictional fault zone models. Geophysical Research Letters 49(20), article number: e2022GL099247. (10.1029/2022gl099247)
- Tulley, C. J., Fagereng, ?., Ujiie, K., Diener, J. F. A. and Harris, C. 2022. Embrittlement within viscous shear zones across the base of the subduction thrust seismogenic zone. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 23(8), article number: e2021GC010208. (10.1029/2021GC010208)
- Morgan, J. K. et al. 2022. Seafloor overthrusting causes ductile fault deformation and fault sealing along the Northern Hikurangi Margin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 593, article number: 117651. (10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117651)
- Leah, H., Fagereng, A., Groome, N., Buchs, D., Eijsink, A. and Niemeijer, A. 2022. Heterogeneous subgreenschist deformation in an exhumed sediment‐poor mélange. Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth 127(8), article number: e2022JB024353. (10.1029/2022jb024353)
- Leah, H. et al. 2022. The northern Hikurangi margin three-dimensional plate interface in New Zealand remains rough 100 km from the trench. Geology 50(11), pp. 1256-1260. (10.1130/G50272.1)
- Tulley, C. J., Fagereng, ?., Ujiie, K., Piazolo, S., Tarling, M. S. and Mori, Y. 2022. Rheology of naturally deformed antigorite serpentinite: strain and strain‐rate dependence at mantle‐wedge conditions. Geophysical Research Letters 49(16), article number: e2022GL098945. (10.1029/2022gl098945)
- Ujiie, K. et al. 2022. Megathrust shear modulated by Albite Metasomatism in subduction mélanges. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 23(8), article number: e2022GC010569. (10.1029/2022gc010569)
- Williams, J. N. et al. 2022. The Malawi Active Fault Database: an onshore-offshore database for regional assessment of seismic hazard and tectonic evolution. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 23(5), article number: e2022GC010425. (10.1029/2022GC010425)
- Churchill, R. M., Werner, M. J., Biggs, J. and Fagereng, ?. 2022. Afterslip moment scaling and variability from a global compilation of estimates. Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth 127(4), article number: e2021JB023897. (10.1029/2021JB023897)
- Williams, J. N., Fagereng, A., Wedmore, L. N. J., Biggs, J., Mdala, H., Mphepo, F. and Hodge, M. 2022. Low dissipation of earthquake energy where a fault follows pre-existing weaknesses: field and microstructural observations of Malawi's Bilila-Mtakataka Fault. Geophysical Research Letters 49(8), article number: e2021GL095286. (10.1029/2021GL095286)
- Williams, R. T. and Fagereng, ?. 2022. The role of quartz cementation in the seismic cycle: a critical review. Reviews of Geophysics 60(1), article number: e2021RG000768. (10.1029/2021RG000768)
2021
- Cox, S., Ikari, M. J., MacLeod, C. J. and Fagereng, ?. 2021. Frictional characteristics of oceanic transform faults: progressive deformation and alteration controls seismic style. Geophysical Research Letters 48(24), article number: e2021GL096292. (10.1029/2021GL096292)
- Menegon, L. and Fagereng, ?. 2021. Tectonic pressure gradients during viscous creep drive fluid flow and brittle failure at the base of the seismogenic zone. Geology 49(10), pp. 1255–1259. (10.1130/G49012.1)
- Wedmore, L. N. J. et al. 2021. Geodetic constraints on cratonic microplates and broad strain during rifting of thick Southern African lithosphere. Geophysical Research Letters 48(17), article number: e2021GL093785. (10.1029/2021GL093785)
- Savage, H. M. et al. 2021. Asymmetric brittle deformation at the Pāpaku Fault, Hikurangi Subduction Margin, NZ, IODP Expedition 375. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 22(8), article number: e2021GC009662. (10.1029/2021GC009662)
- Coffey, G. L. et al. 2021. Evidence of seismic slip on a large splay fault in the Hikurangi subduction zone. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 22(8), article number: e2021GC009638. (10.1029/2021GC009638)
- Cox, S., Fagereng, ?. and MacLeod, C. J. 2021. Shear zone development in serpentinised mantle: Implications for the strength of oceanic transform faults. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 126(5), article number: e2020JB020763. (10.1029/2020JB020763)
- Kirkpatrick, J. D., Fagereng, ?. and Shelly, D. R. 2021. Geological constraints on the mechanisms of slow earthquakes. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 2, pp. 285-301. (10.1038/s43017-021-00148-w)
- McNamara, D. D. et al. 2021. Variable in situ stress orientations across the Northern Hikurangi Subduction Margin. Geophysical Research Letters 48(5), article number: e2020GL091707. (10.1029/2020GL091707)
- Williams, J. N. et al. 2021. A systems-based approach to parameterise seismic hazard in regions with little historical or instrumental seismicity: active fault and seismogenic source databases for southern Malawi. Solid Earth 12(1), pp. 187-217. (10.5194/se-12-187-2021)
2020
- Wedmore, L. N. et al. 2020. Structural inheritance and border fault reactivation during active early-stage rifting along the Thyolo fault, Malawi. Journal of Structural Geology 139, article number: 104097. (10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104097)
- Leah, H. et al. 2020. Mixed brittle and viscous strain localisation in pelagic sediments seaward of the Hikurangi margin, New Zealand. Tectonics 39(8), article number: e2019TC005965. (10.1029/2019TC005965)
- Stenvall, C. A., Fagereng, A., Diener, J. F. A., Harris, C. and Janney, P. E. 2020. Sources and effects of fluids in continental retrograde shear zones: Insights from the Kuckaus Mylonite Zone, Namibia. Geofluids 2020, article number: 3023268. (10.1155/2020/3023268)
- Tulley, C. J., Fagereng, ?. and Ujiie, K. 2020. Hydrous oceanic crust hosts megathrust creep at low shear stresses. Science Advances 6(22), article number: eaba1529. (10.1126/sciadv.aba1529)
- Prior-Jones, M., Pinnion, J., Millet, M., Bagshaw, E., Fagereng, A. and Ballinger, R. 2020. An inclusive risk assessment tool for travel and fieldwork. Presented at: EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4-8 May 2020. Copernicus {GmbH}, (10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7678)
- Fagereng, ?. and Ikari, M. J. 2020. Low‐temperature frictional characteristics of chlorite‐epidote‐amphibole assemblages: implications for strength and seismic style of retrograde fault zones. Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth 125(4), article number: e2020JB019487. (10.1029/2020JB019487)
- Barnes, P. M. et al. 2020. Slow slip source characterized by lithological and geometric heterogeneity. Science Advances 6(13), article number: eaay3314. (10.1126/sciadv.aay3314)
- Campbell, L. R., Menegon, L., Fagereng, ?. and Pennacchioni, G. 2020. Earthquake nucleation in the lower crust by local stress amplification. Nature Communications 11, article number: 1322. (10.1038/s41467-020-15150-x)
- Hodge, M., Biggs, J., Fagereng, A., Mdala, H., Wedmore, L. and Williams, J. 2020. Evidence from high resolution topography for multiple earthquakes on high slip-to-length fault scarps: the Bilila-Mtakataka fault, Malawi. Tectonics 39(2), article number: e2019TC005933. (10.1029/2019TC005933)
- Wedmore, L., Biggs, J., Williams, J., Fagereng, ?., Dulanya, Z., Mphepo, F. and Mdala, H. 2020. Active fault scarps in southern Malawi and their implications for the distribution of strain in incipient continental rifts. Tectonics, pp. -. (10.1029/2019TC005834)
2019
- Ellis, S., Ghisetti, F., Barnes, P. M., Boulton, C., Fagereng, ?. and Buiter, S. 2019. The contemporary force balance in a wide accretionary wedge: numerical models of the south-central Hikurangi margin of New Zealand. Geophysical Journal International 219(2), pp. 776-795. (10.1093/gji/ggz317)
- Beall, A., Fagereng, A. and Ellis, S. 2019. Fracture and weakening of jammed subduction shear zones, leading to the generation of slow slip events. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 20(11), pp. 4869-4884. (10.1029/2019GC008481)
- Hellebrekers, N., Niemeijer, A. R., Fagereng, ?., Manda, B. and Mvula, R. L. 2019. Lower crustal earthquakes in the East African Rift System: Insights from frictional properties of rock samples from the Malawi rift. Tectonophysics 767, pp. 228167., article number: 228167. (10.1016/j.tecto.2019.228167)
- Fagereng, ?. and Biggs, J. 2019. New perspectives on 'geological strain rates' calculated from both naturally deformed and actively deforming rocks. Journal of Structural Geology 125, pp. 100-110. (10.1016/j.jsg.2018.10.004)
- Stenvall, C., Fagereng, ?. and Diener, J. 2019. Weaker than weakest: on the strength of shear zones. Geophysical Research Letters 46(13), pp. 7404-7413. (10.1029/2019GL083388)
- Fagereng, A. et al. 2019. Mixed deformation styles on a shallow subduction thrust, Hikurangi margin, New Zealand. Geology 47(9), pp. 872-876. (10.1130/G46367.1)
- Williams, J. N. et al. 2019. How do variably striking faults reactivate during rifting? insights from Southern Malawi. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 20(7), pp. 3588-3607. (10.1029/2019GC008219)
- Beall, A., Fagereng, A. and Ellis, S. 2019. Strength of strained two-phase mixtures: Application to rapid creep and stress amplification in subduction zone mélange. Geophysical Research Letters 46(1), pp. 169-178. (10.1029/2018GL081252)
- Hodge, M., Biggs, J., Fagereng, ?., Elliott, A., Mdala, H. and Mphepo, F. 2019. A semi-automated algorithm to quantify scarp morphology (SPARTA): application to normal faults in southern Malawi. Solid Earth 10(1), pp. 27-57. (10.5194/se-10-27-2019)
- Fagereng, A. and MacLeod, C. 2019. On seismicity and structural style of oceanic transform faults: A field geological perspective from the Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus. In: Duarte, J. S. ed. Transform Plate Boundaries and Fracture Zones. Elsevier Books, pp. 437-459., (10.1016/B978-0-12-812064-4.00018-9)
- Fagereng, ?. 2019. Chapter 4 - What do earthquake magnitudes mean? Example of the Kaikōura, New Zealand, 2016 Event. In: Billi, A. and Fagereng, A. eds. Problems and Solutions in Structural Geology and Tectonics., Vol. 5. Developments in Structural Geology and Tectonics Elsevier, pp. 57-64., (10.1016/B978-0-12-814048-2.00004-1)
- Fagereng, ?. and Toy, V. G. 2019. Chapter 5 - Fluid-pressure effects on deformation: Analysis of the Lusi Mud Volcano. In: Billi, A. and Fagereng, A. eds. Problems and Solutions in Structural Geology and Tectonics., Vol. 5. Developments in Structural Geology and Tectonics Elsevier, pp. 67-74., (10.1016/B978-0-12-814048-2.00005-3)
2018
- Fagereng, A., Diener, J. F., Ellis, S. and Remitti, F. 2018. Fluid-related deformation processes at the up- and downdip limits of the subduction thrust seismogenic zone: What do the rocks tell us?. In: Byrne, T. et al. eds. Geology and Tectonics of Subduction Zones: A Tribute to Gaku Kimura., Vol. 534. GSA Special Papers Geological Society of America, (10.1130/2018.2534(12))
- Ujiie, K., Saishu, H., Fagereng, ?., Nishiyama, N., Otsubo, M., Masuyama, H. and Kagi, H. 2018. An explanation of episodic tremor and slow slip constrained by crack-seal veins and viscous shear in subduction mélange. Geophysical Research Letters 45(11), pp. 5371-5379. (10.1029/2018GL078374)
- Hodge, M., Fagereng, A., Biggs, J. and Mdala, H. 2018. Controls on early‐rift geometry: new perspectives from the Bilila‐Mtakataka fault, Malawi. Geophysical Research Letters (10.1029/2018gl077343)
- Webber, S., Ellis, S. and Fagereng, A. 2018. "Virtual shear box" experiments of stress and slip cycling within a subduction interface mélange. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 488, pp. 27-35. (10.1016/j.epsl.2018.01.035)
- Hodge, M., Fagereng, A. and Biggs, J. 2018. The role of coseismic Coulomb stress changes in shaping the hard-link between normal fault segments. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 123(1), pp. 797-814. (10.1002/2017JB014927)
- Fagereng, A., Diener, J. F. A., Meneghini, F., Harris, C. and Kvadsheim, A. 2018. Quartz vein formation by local dehydration embrittlement along the deep, tremorgenic subduction thrust interface. Geology 46(1), pp. 67-70. (10.1130/G39649.1)
2017
- Meneghini, F., Fagereng, A. and Kisters, A. 2017. The matchless amphibolite of the Damara belt, Namibia: unique preservation of a late Neoproterozoic ophiolitic suture. Ofioliti 42(2), pp. 129-145. (10.4454/ofioliti.v42i2.488)
- Fagereng, A. and den Hartog, S. A. M. 2017. Subduction megathrust creep governed by pressure solution and frictional-viscous flow. Nature Geoscience 10(1), pp. 51-57. (10.1038/ngeo2857)
2016
- Diener, J. F. A., Fagereng, A. and Thomas, S. 2016. Mid-crustal shear zone development under retrograde conditions: pressure–temperature–fluid constraints from the Kuckaus Mylonite Zone, Namibia. Solid Earth 7(5), pp. 1331-1347. (10.5194/se-7-1331-2016)
2015
- Cross, C. B., Diener, J. F. A. and Fagereng, A. 2015. Metamorphic imprint of accretion and ridge subduction in the Pan-African Damara Belt, Namibia. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 33(6), pp. 633-648. (10.1111/jmg.12139)
- Ellis, S. et al. 2015. Fluid budgets along the northern Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand: the effect of a subducting seamount on fluid pressure. Geophysical Journal International 202(1), pp. 277-297. (10.1093/gji/ggv127)
- Smit, L., Fagereng, A., Braeuer, B. and Stankiewicz, J. 2015. Microseismic activity and basement controls on an active intraplate strike-slip fault, Ceres-Tulbagh, South Africa. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 105(3), pp. 1540-1547. (10.1785/0120140262)
- Senger, K. et al. 2015. Fracturing of doleritic intrusions and associated contact zones: Implications for fluid flow in volcanic basins. Journal of African Earth Sciences 102, pp. 70-85. (10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.10.019)
- Fagereng, A. and Byrnes, G. 2015. A range of fault slip styles on progressively misoriented planes during flexural-slip folding, Cape Fold Belt, South Africa. Journal of Structural Geology 70, pp. 156-169. (10.1016/j.jsg.2014.12.001)
2014
- Faber, C., Rowe, C. D., Miller, J. A., Fagereng, A. and Neethling, J. H. 2014. Silica gel in a fault slip surface: Field evidence for palaeo-earthquakes?. Journal of Structural Geology 69(A), pp. 108-121. (10.1016/j.jsg.2014.09.021)
- Meneghini, F., Kisters, A., Buick, I. and Fagereng, A. 2014. Fingerprints of late Neoproterozoic ridge subduction in the Pan-African Damara belt, Namibia. Geology 42(10), pp. 903-906. (10.1130/G35932.1)
- Fagereng, A. 2014. Significant shortening by pressure solution creep in the Dwyka diamictite, Cape Fold Belt, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 97, pp. 9-18. (10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.022)
- Diener, J. F. A. and Fagereng, A. 2014. The influence of melting and melt drainage on crustal rheology during orogenesis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 119(8), pp. 6193-6210. (10.1002/2014JB011088)
- Fagereng, ?., Hillary, G. W. B. and Diener, J. F. A. 2014. Brittle-viscous deformation, slow slip and tremor. Geophysical Research Letters 41(12), pp. 4159-4167. (10.1002/2014GL060433)
- Fagereng, A. and Harris, C. 2014. Interplay between fluid flow and fault-fracture mesh generation within underthrust sediments: Geochemical evidence from the Chrystalls Beach Complex, New Zealand. Tectonophysics 612-3, pp. 147-157. (10.1016/j.tecto.2013.12.002)
- Fagereng, A., Smith, Z., Rowe, C. D., Makhubu, B. and Sylvester, F. Y. G. 2014. Stress, strain, and fault behavior at a thrust ramp: Insights from the Naukluft thrust, Namibia. Journal of Structural Geology 58, pp. 95-107. (10.1016/j.jsg.2013.11.002)
2013
- Rennie, S. F., Fagereng, A. and Diener, J. F. A. 2013. Strain distribution within a km-scale, mid-crustal shear zone: The Kuckaus Mylonite Zone, Namibia. Journal of Structural Geology 56, pp. 57-69. (10.1016/j.jsg.2013.09.001)
- Fagereng, A. 2013. Fault segmentation, deep rift earthquakes and crustal rheology: Insights from the 2009 Karonga sequence and seismicity in the Rukwa-Malawi rift zone. Tectonophysics 601, pp. 216-225. (10.1016/j.tecto.2013.05.012)
- Harris, C., Fourie, D. S. and Fagereng, A. 2013. Stable isotope evidence for impact-related pseudotachylite formation at Vredefort by local melting of dry rocks. South African Journal of Geology 116(1), pp. 101-118. (10.2113/gssajg.116.1.101)
- Fagereng, A. 2013. On stress and strain in a continuous-discontinuous shear zone undergoing simple shear and volume loss. Journal of Structural Geology 50, pp. 44-53. (10.1016/j.jsg.2012.02.016)
- Treasure, A. M. et al. 2013. South African research in the Southern Ocean: New opportunities but serious challenges. South African Journal of Science 109(3-4), pp. 2-5. (10.1590/sajs.2013/a009)
2012
- Wallace, L. M., Fagereng, A. and Ellis, S. 2012. Upper plate tectonic stress state may influence interseismic coupling on subduction megathrusts. Geology 40(10), pp. 895-898. (10.1130/G33373.1)
- Rowe, C. D., Fagereng, A., Miller, J. A. and Mapani, B. 2012. Signature of coseismic decarbonation in dolomitic fault rocks of the Naukluft Thrust, Namibia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 333-4, pp. 200-210. (10.1016/j.epsl.2012.04.030)
- Fagereng, A. 2012. A note on folding mechanisms in the Cape Fold Belt, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 115(2), pp. 137-144. (10.2113/gssajg.115.2.137)
2011
- Fagereng, A. and Diener, J. F. A. 2011. San Andreas Fault tremor and retrograde metamorphism. Geophysical Research Letters 38(23), article number: L23303. (10.1029/2011GL049550)
- Fagereng, A., Remitti, F. and Sibson, R. H. 2011. Incrementally developed slickenfibers - Geological record of repeating low stress-drop seismic events?. Tectonophysics 510(3-4), pp. 381-386. (10.1016/j.tecto.2011.08.015)
- Fagereng, A. and Diener, J. F. A. 2011. Non-volcanic tremor and discontinuous slab dehydration. Geophysical Research Letters 38(15), article number: L15302. (10.1029/2011GL048214)
- Fagereng, A. 2011. Wedge geometry, mechanical strength, and interseismic coupling of the Hikurangi subduction thrust, New Zealand. Tectonophysics 507(1-4), pp. 26-30. (10.1016/j.tecto.2011.05.004)
- Fagereng, A. 2011. Frequency-size distribution of competent lenses in a block-in-matrix melange: Imposed length scales of brittle deformation?. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 116(B5) (10.1029/2010JB007775)
- Fagereng, A. 2011. Fractal vein distributions within a fault-fracture mesh in an exhumed accretionary melange, Chrystalls Beach Complex, New Zealand. Journal of Structural Geology 33(5), pp. 918-927. (10.1016/j.jsg.2011.02.009)
- Fagereng, A. 2011. Geology of the seismogenic subduction thrust interface. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 359(1), pp. 55-76. (10.1144/SP359.4)
- Fagereng, A. and Toy, V. G. 2011. Geology of the earthquake source: an introduction. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 359(1), pp. 1-16. (10.1144/SP359.1)
2010
- Fagereng, A. and Cooper, A. F. 2010. The metamorphic history of rocks buried, accreted and exhumed in an accretionary prism: an example from the Otago Schist, New Zealand. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 28(9), pp. 935-954. (10.1111/j.1525-1314.2010.00900.x)
- Fagereng, A. and Sibson, R. H. 2010. Mélange rheology and seismic style. Geology 38(8), pp. 751-754. (10.1130/G30868.1)
- Fagereng, A., Remitti, F. and Sibson, R. H. 2010. Shear veins observed within anisotropic fabric at high angles to the maximum compressive stress [Letter]. Nature Geoscience 3(7), pp. 482-485. (10.1038/NGEO898)
- Fagereng, A. and Cooper, A. F. 2010. Petrology of metabasalts from the Chrystalls Beach accretionary melange - implications for tectonic setting and terrane origin. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 53(1), pp. 57-70. (10.1080/00288301003631806)
2009
- Wallace, L. M. et al. 2009. Characterizing the seismogenic zone of a major plate boundary subduction thrust: Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 10(10) (10.1029/2009GC002610)
- Scott, J. M., Palin, J. M., Cooper, A. F., Fagereng, A. and King, R. P. 2009. Polymetamorphism, zircon growth and retention of early assemblages through the dynamic evolution of a continental arc in Fiordland, New Zealand. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 27(4), pp. 281-294. (10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00817.x)
- Fagereng, A. and Ellis, S. 2009. On factors controlling the depth of interseismic coupling on the Hikurangi subduction interface, New Zealand. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 278(1/2), pp. 120-130. (10.1016/j.epsl.2008.11.033)
2008
- Fagereng, A., Harris, C., La Grange, M. and Stevens, G. 2008. Stable isotope study of the Archaean rocks of the Vredefort impact structure, central Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 155(1), pp. 63-78. (10.1007/s00410-007-0224-6)
0
- Duan, Q., Fagereng, A., Chen, J. and Blenkinsop, T. . Fluid environment controls along-strike variation in slip style: Midcrustal geological signatures from the Red River fault, China. Geology 52(6), pp. 405-410. (10.1130/G51865.1)
Adrannau llyfrau
- Fagereng, A. and MacLeod, C. 2019. On seismicity and structural style of oceanic transform faults: A field geological perspective from the Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus. In: Duarte, J. S. ed. Transform Plate Boundaries and Fracture Zones. Elsevier Books, pp. 437-459., (10.1016/B978-0-12-812064-4.00018-9)
- Fagereng, ?. 2019. Chapter 4 - What do earthquake magnitudes mean? Example of the Kaikōura, New Zealand, 2016 Event. In: Billi, A. and Fagereng, A. eds. Problems and Solutions in Structural Geology and Tectonics., Vol. 5. Developments in Structural Geology and Tectonics Elsevier, pp. 57-64., (10.1016/B978-0-12-814048-2.00004-1)
- Fagereng, ?. and Toy, V. G. 2019. Chapter 5 - Fluid-pressure effects on deformation: Analysis of the Lusi Mud Volcano. In: Billi, A. and Fagereng, A. eds. Problems and Solutions in Structural Geology and Tectonics., Vol. 5. Developments in Structural Geology and Tectonics Elsevier, pp. 67-74., (10.1016/B978-0-12-814048-2.00005-3)
- Fagereng, A., Diener, J. F., Ellis, S. and Remitti, F. 2018. Fluid-related deformation processes at the up- and downdip limits of the subduction thrust seismogenic zone: What do the rocks tell us?. In: Byrne, T. et al. eds. Geology and Tectonics of Subduction Zones: A Tribute to Gaku Kimura., Vol. 534. GSA Special Papers Geological Society of America, (10.1130/2018.2534(12))
Cynadleddau
- Prior-Jones, M., Pinnion, J., Millet, M., Bagshaw, E., Fagereng, A. and Ballinger, R. 2020. An inclusive risk assessment tool for travel and fieldwork. Presented at: EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4-8 May 2020. Copernicus {GmbH}, (10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7678)
Erthyglau
- Lu, L. X., Beall, A. and Fagereng, ?. 2024. Effective bulk rheology of a two‐phase subduction shear zone: insights from micromechanics‐based modeling and implications for subduction interface slow slip events. Geophysical Research Letters 51(20), article number: e2024GL110830. (10.1029/2024gl110830)
- Tulley, C. J., ten Thij, L., Niemeijer, A. R., Hamers, M. F. and Fagereng, ?. 2024. Activation of dissolution‐precipitation creep causes weakening and viscous behavior in experimentally deformed antigorite. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 129(8), article number: e2024JB029053. (10.1029/2024jb029053)
- Wedmore, L. N. et al. 2024. The early onset of magmatic rift faulting in the Edward-George Rift, Uganda. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 638, article number: 118762. (10.1016/j.epsl.2024.118762)
- De Caroli, S., Fagereng, ?., Ujiie, K., Blenkinsop, T., Meneghini, F. and Muir, D. 2024. Deformation microstructures of low- and high-strain epidote-blueschist (Ryukyu arc, Japan): Implications for subduction interface rheology. Journal of Structural Geology 180, article number: 105041. (10.1016/j.jsg.2023.105041)
- Fagereng, A., Diener, J., Tulley, C. and Manda, B. 2024. Metamorphic inheritance, lower-crustal earthquakes, and continental rifting. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 25(3), article number: e2023GC011305. (10.1029/2023GC011305)
- Churchill, R. M., Werner, M. J., Biggs, J. and Fagereng, ?. 2024. Spatial relationships between coseismic slip, aseismic afterslip, and on‐fault aftershock density in continental earthquakes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 129(1), article number: e2023JB027168. (10.1029/2023jb027168)
- Samsu, A., Micklethwaite, S., Williams, J. N., Fagereng, ?. and Cruden, A. R. 2023. Structural inheritance in amagmatic rift basins: Manifestations and mechanisms for how pre-existing structures influence rift-related faults. Earth-Science Reviews 246, article number: 104568. (10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104568)
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- Angiboust, S., Cambeses, A., Fagereng, A., Menegon, L., Klein, F., Raimondo, T. and Prigent, C. 2023. Fluids in the Earth's lithosphere: From petrology to geodynamics. Lithos 452-45, article number: 107226. (10.1016/j.lithos.2023.107226)
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- Daigle, H., Duarte, J., Fagereng, A., Paris, R., Persaud, P. and Gomez-Garcia, A. M. 2023. MagellanPlus Workshop: Mission-specific platform approaches to assessing natural hazards that impact society. Scientific Drilling 32, pp. 101-111. (10.5194/sd-32-101-2023)
- Dulanya, Z., Gallen, S. F., Kolawole, F., Williams, J. N., Wedmore, L. N. J., Biggs, J. and Fagereng, ?. 2022. Knickpoint morphotectonics of the Middle Shire River basin: Implications for the evolution of rift interaction zones. Basin Research 34(6), pp. 1839-1858. (10.1111/bre.12687)
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- Churchill, R. M., Werner, M. J., Biggs, J. and Fagereng, A. 2022. Relative afterslip moment does not correlate with aftershock productivity: implications for the relationship between afterslip and aftershocks. Geophysical Research Letters 49(24), article number: e2022GL101165. (10.1029/2022gl101165)
- Williams, J. et al. 2022. Geologic and geodetic constraints on the magnitude and frequency of earthquakes along Malawi’s active faults: the Malawi seismogenic source model (MSSM). Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22(11), pp. 3607-3639. (10.5194/nhess-22-3607-2022)
- Bateman, K. M. et al. 2022. Strategies for effective unmanned aerial vehicle use in geological field studies based on cognitive science principles. Geosphere 18(6), pp. 1958-1973. (10.1130/GES02440.1)
- Leah, H. and Fagereng, ?. 2022. Inherited heterogeneities can control viscous subduction zone deformation of carbonates at seismogenic depths. Geophysical Research Letters 49(19), article number: e2022GL099358. (10.1029/2022GL099358)
- Beall, A., van den Ende, M., Ampuero, J., Capitanio, F. A. and Fagereng, ?. 2022. Linking earthquake magnitude‐frequency statistics and stress in visco‐frictional fault zone models. Geophysical Research Letters 49(20), article number: e2022GL099247. (10.1029/2022gl099247)
- Tulley, C. J., Fagereng, ?., Ujiie, K., Diener, J. F. A. and Harris, C. 2022. Embrittlement within viscous shear zones across the base of the subduction thrust seismogenic zone. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 23(8), article number: e2021GC010208. (10.1029/2021GC010208)
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- Leah, H., Fagereng, A., Groome, N., Buchs, D., Eijsink, A. and Niemeijer, A. 2022. Heterogeneous subgreenschist deformation in an exhumed sediment‐poor mélange. Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth 127(8), article number: e2022JB024353. (10.1029/2022jb024353)
- Leah, H. et al. 2022. The northern Hikurangi margin three-dimensional plate interface in New Zealand remains rough 100 km from the trench. Geology 50(11), pp. 1256-1260. (10.1130/G50272.1)
- Tulley, C. J., Fagereng, ?., Ujiie, K., Piazolo, S., Tarling, M. S. and Mori, Y. 2022. Rheology of naturally deformed antigorite serpentinite: strain and strain‐rate dependence at mantle‐wedge conditions. Geophysical Research Letters 49(16), article number: e2022GL098945. (10.1029/2022gl098945)
- Ujiie, K. et al. 2022. Megathrust shear modulated by Albite Metasomatism in subduction mélanges. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 23(8), article number: e2022GC010569. (10.1029/2022gc010569)
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- Churchill, R. M., Werner, M. J., Biggs, J. and Fagereng, ?. 2022. Afterslip moment scaling and variability from a global compilation of estimates. Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth 127(4), article number: e2021JB023897. (10.1029/2021JB023897)
- Williams, J. N., Fagereng, A., Wedmore, L. N. J., Biggs, J., Mdala, H., Mphepo, F. and Hodge, M. 2022. Low dissipation of earthquake energy where a fault follows pre-existing weaknesses: field and microstructural observations of Malawi's Bilila-Mtakataka Fault. Geophysical Research Letters 49(8), article number: e2021GL095286. (10.1029/2021GL095286)
- Williams, R. T. and Fagereng, ?. 2022. The role of quartz cementation in the seismic cycle: a critical review. Reviews of Geophysics 60(1), article number: e2021RG000768. (10.1029/2021RG000768)
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- Kirkpatrick, J. D., Fagereng, ?. and Shelly, D. R. 2021. Geological constraints on the mechanisms of slow earthquakes. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 2, pp. 285-301. (10.1038/s43017-021-00148-w)
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- Leah, H. et al. 2020. Mixed brittle and viscous strain localisation in pelagic sediments seaward of the Hikurangi margin, New Zealand. Tectonics 39(8), article number: e2019TC005965. (10.1029/2019TC005965)
- Stenvall, C. A., Fagereng, A., Diener, J. F. A., Harris, C. and Janney, P. E. 2020. Sources and effects of fluids in continental retrograde shear zones: Insights from the Kuckaus Mylonite Zone, Namibia. Geofluids 2020, article number: 3023268. (10.1155/2020/3023268)
- Tulley, C. J., Fagereng, ?. and Ujiie, K. 2020. Hydrous oceanic crust hosts megathrust creep at low shear stresses. Science Advances 6(22), article number: eaba1529. (10.1126/sciadv.aba1529)
- Fagereng, ?. and Ikari, M. J. 2020. Low‐temperature frictional characteristics of chlorite‐epidote‐amphibole assemblages: implications for strength and seismic style of retrograde fault zones. Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth 125(4), article number: e2020JB019487. (10.1029/2020JB019487)
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- Hodge, M., Biggs, J., Fagereng, A., Mdala, H., Wedmore, L. and Williams, J. 2020. Evidence from high resolution topography for multiple earthquakes on high slip-to-length fault scarps: the Bilila-Mtakataka fault, Malawi. Tectonics 39(2), article number: e2019TC005933. (10.1029/2019TC005933)
- Wedmore, L., Biggs, J., Williams, J., Fagereng, ?., Dulanya, Z., Mphepo, F. and Mdala, H. 2020. Active fault scarps in southern Malawi and their implications for the distribution of strain in incipient continental rifts. Tectonics, pp. -. (10.1029/2019TC005834)
- Ellis, S., Ghisetti, F., Barnes, P. M., Boulton, C., Fagereng, ?. and Buiter, S. 2019. The contemporary force balance in a wide accretionary wedge: numerical models of the south-central Hikurangi margin of New Zealand. Geophysical Journal International 219(2), pp. 776-795. (10.1093/gji/ggz317)
- Beall, A., Fagereng, A. and Ellis, S. 2019. Fracture and weakening of jammed subduction shear zones, leading to the generation of slow slip events. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 20(11), pp. 4869-4884. (10.1029/2019GC008481)
- Hellebrekers, N., Niemeijer, A. R., Fagereng, ?., Manda, B. and Mvula, R. L. 2019. Lower crustal earthquakes in the East African Rift System: Insights from frictional properties of rock samples from the Malawi rift. Tectonophysics 767, pp. 228167., article number: 228167. (10.1016/j.tecto.2019.228167)
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- Fagereng, A. et al. 2019. Mixed deformation styles on a shallow subduction thrust, Hikurangi margin, New Zealand. Geology 47(9), pp. 872-876. (10.1130/G46367.1)
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- Beall, A., Fagereng, A. and Ellis, S. 2019. Strength of strained two-phase mixtures: Application to rapid creep and stress amplification in subduction zone mélange. Geophysical Research Letters 46(1), pp. 169-178. (10.1029/2018GL081252)
- Hodge, M., Biggs, J., Fagereng, ?., Elliott, A., Mdala, H. and Mphepo, F. 2019. A semi-automated algorithm to quantify scarp morphology (SPARTA): application to normal faults in southern Malawi. Solid Earth 10(1), pp. 27-57. (10.5194/se-10-27-2019)
- Ujiie, K., Saishu, H., Fagereng, ?., Nishiyama, N., Otsubo, M., Masuyama, H. and Kagi, H. 2018. An explanation of episodic tremor and slow slip constrained by crack-seal veins and viscous shear in subduction mélange. Geophysical Research Letters 45(11), pp. 5371-5379. (10.1029/2018GL078374)
- Hodge, M., Fagereng, A., Biggs, J. and Mdala, H. 2018. Controls on early‐rift geometry: new perspectives from the Bilila‐Mtakataka fault, Malawi. Geophysical Research Letters (10.1029/2018gl077343)
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- Hodge, M., Fagereng, A. and Biggs, J. 2018. The role of coseismic Coulomb stress changes in shaping the hard-link between normal fault segments. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 123(1), pp. 797-814. (10.1002/2017JB014927)
- Fagereng, A., Diener, J. F. A., Meneghini, F., Harris, C. and Kvadsheim, A. 2018. Quartz vein formation by local dehydration embrittlement along the deep, tremorgenic subduction thrust interface. Geology 46(1), pp. 67-70. (10.1130/G39649.1)
- Meneghini, F., Fagereng, A. and Kisters, A. 2017. The matchless amphibolite of the Damara belt, Namibia: unique preservation of a late Neoproterozoic ophiolitic suture. Ofioliti 42(2), pp. 129-145. (10.4454/ofioliti.v42i2.488)
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- Diener, J. F. A., Fagereng, A. and Thomas, S. 2016. Mid-crustal shear zone development under retrograde conditions: pressure–temperature–fluid constraints from the Kuckaus Mylonite Zone, Namibia. Solid Earth 7(5), pp. 1331-1347. (10.5194/se-7-1331-2016)
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- Smit, L., Fagereng, A., Braeuer, B. and Stankiewicz, J. 2015. Microseismic activity and basement controls on an active intraplate strike-slip fault, Ceres-Tulbagh, South Africa. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 105(3), pp. 1540-1547. (10.1785/0120140262)
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- Fagereng, A. 2014. Significant shortening by pressure solution creep in the Dwyka diamictite, Cape Fold Belt, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 97, pp. 9-18. (10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.022)
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- Fagereng, A., Smith, Z., Rowe, C. D., Makhubu, B. and Sylvester, F. Y. G. 2014. Stress, strain, and fault behavior at a thrust ramp: Insights from the Naukluft thrust, Namibia. Journal of Structural Geology 58, pp. 95-107. (10.1016/j.jsg.2013.11.002)
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- Fagereng, A. 2011. Fractal vein distributions within a fault-fracture mesh in an exhumed accretionary melange, Chrystalls Beach Complex, New Zealand. Journal of Structural Geology 33(5), pp. 918-927. (10.1016/j.jsg.2011.02.009)
- Fagereng, A. 2011. Geology of the seismogenic subduction thrust interface. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 359(1), pp. 55-76. (10.1144/SP359.4)
- Fagereng, A. and Toy, V. G. 2011. Geology of the earthquake source: an introduction. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 359(1), pp. 1-16. (10.1144/SP359.1)
- Fagereng, A. and Cooper, A. F. 2010. The metamorphic history of rocks buried, accreted and exhumed in an accretionary prism: an example from the Otago Schist, New Zealand. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 28(9), pp. 935-954. (10.1111/j.1525-1314.2010.00900.x)
- Fagereng, A. and Sibson, R. H. 2010. Mélange rheology and seismic style. Geology 38(8), pp. 751-754. (10.1130/G30868.1)
- Fagereng, A., Remitti, F. and Sibson, R. H. 2010. Shear veins observed within anisotropic fabric at high angles to the maximum compressive stress [Letter]. Nature Geoscience 3(7), pp. 482-485. (10.1038/NGEO898)
- Fagereng, A. and Cooper, A. F. 2010. Petrology of metabasalts from the Chrystalls Beach accretionary melange - implications for tectonic setting and terrane origin. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 53(1), pp. 57-70. (10.1080/00288301003631806)
- Wallace, L. M. et al. 2009. Characterizing the seismogenic zone of a major plate boundary subduction thrust: Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 10(10) (10.1029/2009GC002610)
- Scott, J. M., Palin, J. M., Cooper, A. F., Fagereng, A. and King, R. P. 2009. Polymetamorphism, zircon growth and retention of early assemblages through the dynamic evolution of a continental arc in Fiordland, New Zealand. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 27(4), pp. 281-294. (10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00817.x)
- Fagereng, A. and Ellis, S. 2009. On factors controlling the depth of interseismic coupling on the Hikurangi subduction interface, New Zealand. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 278(1/2), pp. 120-130. (10.1016/j.epsl.2008.11.033)
- Fagereng, A., Harris, C., La Grange, M. and Stevens, G. 2008. Stable isotope study of the Archaean rocks of the Vredefort impact structure, central Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 155(1), pp. 63-78. (10.1007/s00410-007-0224-6)
- Duan, Q., Fagereng, A., Chen, J. and Blenkinsop, T. . Fluid environment controls along-strike variation in slip style: Midcrustal geological signatures from the Red River fault, China. Geology 52(6), pp. 405-410. (10.1130/G51865.1)
Research
I am a structural geologist, and my research is based on observations of natural faults and shear zones. I divide my work in two key themes, the way faults slip (earthquakes vs creep vs other slip styles) and how faults grow and are reactivated. Both these themes are relevant to where earthquakes may occur and how large such events may be.
For the academic year 2023-24, I am a Fellow at the Centre of Advanced Study at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Here I am a member of the project FricFrac, spanning by research interests in fault and fracture nucleation and slip on existing faults.
Fault slip behaviour
I have recently been selected for an ERC Consolidator Grant, which will be funded by the UKRI Frontier Research Guarantee Scheme. The project, called ASPERITY (Aseismic SliP and Earthquake Ruptures: Interrogating Transitions in rheologY), will use a combination of field geology, microstructural investigation, numerical modelling, and rock deformation experiments to address the physical controls on where faults produce earthquakes and where they slip aseismically. The project will start in the spring/summer of 2024.
From 2017 to 2023 I was PI of the ERC Starting Grant MICA, which was described in Horizon Magazine, and for which a project page is available. The project was designed to explore the geological processes that control fault slip speed, and the varied behaviour of faults that accommodate tectonic deformation in the Earth's crust. These faults slip at a range of speeds from millimetres per year, a rate comparable to fingernail growth, up to metres per second, a rate that generates earthquakes. In the last two decades, observations from GPS and seismometer networks have shown that faults also slip at rates intermediate between these end-members, in events now known as 'slow earthquakes'.
The physical processes that control fault slip rate are poorly understood. It is, for example, currently unknown how slow and fast earthquakes are related. Critical questions of societal importance include: If a fault experiences slow earthquakes, can it also experience earthquakes that are damaging? If parts of a fault experiences a slow earthquake, does this increase (or decrease) the probability of a damaging earthquake nearby? Can slow earthquakes accelerate and become fast and damaging? The MICA project seeks to identify the effects of fault zone thickness, internal geometry, and composition. This is done through detailed fieldwork and laboratory studies of rocks from fault zones exposed on the Earth's surface, or accessible through ocean drilling. Based on field and microscale observations, we create models for realistic geometry and deformation mechanisms in major fault zones (see for example this paper by Leah et al. based on observations in the GeoMôn UNESCO Geopark on Anglesey). From these models, we identify variables that control slip speed, and allow slip at a range of speeds. These hypotheses are tested by numerical (e.g. Fagereng and Beall, 2021) and laboratory deformation experiments (e.g. Cox et al., 2021).
Key samples were collected during IODP Expedition 375 to New Zealand's Hikurangi subduction margin. You can read my shipboard blog on what ocean drilling may tell us about fault zone geology and mechanics. We have published the geology of the Pāpaku fault, which may host active slow slip, and on how heterogeneous sediments and ocean floor topography may control subduction thrust slip behaviour. My article in The Conversation explains some of this research, and this article in Futurum Careers provides an educational resource on working as a ship-board geologist.
Other key outcomes of this project include
- Stress amplification occurs within a heterogeneous shear zone and can be quantified with a numerical model of a two-phase viscous shear zone, as published by Beall et al in GRL (2019), and further applied to slow slip events when including fractures in the model, as by Beall et al. in G-Cubed (2019). At a larger scale, the ability of faults to shear viscously, limiting stress build-up, may also control earthquake size distributions (Beall et al., 2022).
- Subducting oceanic crust, if hydrated and altered, can be as weak as the sediments on top of it, as explained by Tulley et al in Science Advances (2020).
- The dense vein networks that are commonly observed in exhumed accretionary prisms may be the total, integrated effect of many local, fluid-driven fracture episodes in a relatively small depth range - similar to tremor in active subduction zones, as discussed based on the Kuiseb Schist in Fagereng et al. (Geology, 2018).
- Although phyllosilicates are often the weakest component of a shear zone, they may not be interconnected at high strains, and instead deformation may be controlled by the fine-grained reaction products that deform easily by diffusion - as Stenvall et al. (2019) explain in their GRL article 'Weaker than weakest'.
Faults, fault growth, and fault reactivation
I have now been working in the East African Rift System for several years, particularly in the southern, amagmatic, Malawi Rift. One point of interest here is how ancient structures may control fault growth and earthquake occurrence. This work has been funded by the EPSRC's Global Challenges Research Fund, in the PREPARE project - a collaboration between Engineering and Earth Sciences at the Universtities of Bristol and Cardiff, aimed at enhancing earthquake resilience in East Africa.
While the Malawi project explores an incipient plate boundary, I am also interested in faults that form far from plate margins, such as end- and post-glacial faults that host earthquakes in response to retreating glaciers. I am a PI of the project DAFNE (Drilling Active Faults in Northern Europe) that aims to drill into the post-glacial Pärvie fault in northern Sweden. This project is supported by funds from the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP).
Teaching
I am a fellow of the Higher Education Academy. I teach across the undergraduate programmes in the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, primarily supporting Geology, Exploration and Resource Geology, and Environmental Geoscience students.
My teaching is focused on structural geology, but also larger scale tectonics and geodynamics, application of geophysical tecniques, and BSc and MSci Dissertation Projects. You're also likely to find me teaching in the field.
During my time in Cardiff, I have been involved in teaching the following:
- Introduction to Geological Maps, Sections, and Structures (year 1)
- Structural Geology and Geophysical Investigations (year 2) and Structural Techniques (year 3)
- Geodynamics (years 3 and 4)
- Residential field courses on structural geology, including focus on structural controls on mineral deposits (in Cornwall for year 2 and in north Wales for year 3) and mapping training in Spain at the end of year 2. I have also participated in teaching the final year field course (in Cyprus).
- I was Director of Fieldwork from 2015 to 2018.
Prior to working in Cardiff, I was a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Geological Sciences at the University of Cape Town. There, I taught structural geology at BSc and BSc(Hons) level, geology to civil engineers, and supervised several BSc(Hons) and MSc projects.
Biography
- Professor in Structural Geology - School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University (2022 - present)
- Reader in Structural Geology – School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University (2017 - 2022)
- Lecturer in Structural Geology – School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University (2014 - 2017)
- Honorary Research Fellow – Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town (2014-present)
- Lecturer/Senior Lecturer – Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town (2010-2014)
- PhD – Department of Geology, University of Otago (2010)
- BSc(Hons) Geology – University of Cape Town (2005)
Honours and awards
- Outstanding Young Scientist Award, European Geosciences Union, Division of Tectonics and Structural Geology (2016)
- International Visiting Fellow, Kyoto University, Japan (2016)
- Excellent Reviewer Award from Earth, Planets, and Space (2015)
- American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Research Letters, Editor's Citation for Excellence in Refereeing (2013)
- President's Award, National Research Foundation, South Africa (2013)
- Elsevier Young Scientist Award (2013)
- Claude Leon Foundation Merit Award for Young Lecturers (2012)
- University of Cape Town College of Fellows' Young Researcher Award (2012)
Professional memberships
- American Geophysical Union
- Geological Society of London
- Geological Society of Norway
Committees and reviewing
- Associate Editor, Geophysical Research Letters (2015 - present)
- Handling Editor, Seismica (2022 - present)
- Member of the Ramsay Medal committee, Tectonics Studies Group of the Geological Society of London (2016, 2017 [chair], 2018)
- Member of the Editorial Advisory Board, Journal of Structural Geology (2014 - present)
- Accreditation Committee, University of Cape Town (2011 - 2013)
- Journal reviewer, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Earth Planets Space, G-Cubed, Geofluids, GSA Bulletin, GSA Special Papers, Geological Society of London Special Publications, Geology, Geophysical Research Letters, Gondwana Research, International Geology Reviews, Journal of Geophysical Research, Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, Journal of Structural Geology, Journal of the Geological Society of London, Nature Communications, Nature Geoscience, Precambrian Research, Pure and Applied Geophysics, Science Advances, Science China, South African Journal of Geology, Tectonics, Tectonophysics
- Grant reviewer, National Commission for Scientic and Technological Research (Chile), National Geographic, National Research Foundation (South Africa), National Science Foundation (USA), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Netherlands Organisation for Scientic Research, and Norges forskningsråd.
Supervisions
I am interested in supervising PhD and Masters students. See past projects below for the sort of topics I tend to supervise, which are in the general areas of
- Structure and mechanics of subduction zones
- Hydrothermal vein systems
- Fault zone structure
- Development and rheology of shear zones
- Links between geological and geophysical observations
I am also happy to co-supervise structural geology elements of broader projects.
Current students
- Sara de Caroli - Failing under pressure: exploring the frictional-viscous transition in cold subduction zones
- Funded by a Cardiff University College of Physical Sciences and Engineering Studentship and the European Reseach Council
Past projects
Previous PhD students and their project titles (with links to their theses):
- Sophie Cox - Development, deformation style, and seismic hazard of oceanic transform faults
- Funded by the GW4 NERC Doctoral Training Programme
- Christopher Tulley - The geology of deep slow slip and tremor: Instability in the viscous regime?
- Funded by the European Research Council
- Harold Leah - Mechanical evolution, fluid pressure generation, and shallow slow slip in subduction
zones
- Funded by the European Research Council
- Christian Stenvall - Sources and effects of fluids in continental retrograde shear zones
- Funded by Cardiff University College of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- Michael Hodge - Development, deformation style, and seismic hazard of large normal faults
- Funded by the GW4 NERC Doctoral Training Programme
Previous MESci students and their project titles:
- Oliver May (co-supervised with Lucy Lu) - Deformation partitioning at oblique convergent plate boundaries
- Manon Carpenter (co-supervised with Jack Williams) - How do faults grow in continental rifts? Insights from microstructural analysis of faults in south Malawi
- Paul Edwards (co-supervised with Adam Beall) - What controls the variation in earthquake magnitude between subduction zones with subducted seamounts?
- Stephen James (co-supervised with Adam Beall) - When faults become shear zones: Modelling the frictional-viscous transition
- Aled Evans - Fluid flow and mineralization along long-lived and reactivated fault zones: The example of the Carmel Head thrust, Anglesey, North Wales
- Dylan Ingman - Stresses and strain localisation processes in Maud Belt mylonites
Contact Details
Research themes
Specialisms
- Structural geology and tectonics
- Field Geology
- Geophysics
- Igneous and metamorphic petrology
