![Neetesh Saxena BTech, MTech, PhD](https://profiles-cardiff.imgix.net/attachments/1613?w=200&h=200&auto=format&crop=faces&fit=crop&q=90")
Dr Neetesh Saxena
(he/him)
BTech, MTech, PhD
- Available for postgraduate supervision
Teams and roles for Neetesh Saxena
Reader
Research Group academic member
Overview
I am a Reader with the School of Computer Science and Informatics at Cardiff University, UK having more than two decades of professional experience. Previously, I had affiliations with the Bournemouth University (UK), Georgia Institute of Technology (USA), Stony Brook University (USA) and SUNY Korea. I was awarded with the DAAD Scholar (Germany), RITICS (UK), GW4 Future Leader (UK), and TCS Scholarship (India). My current research interests include cyber security and critical infrastructure security, including cyber-physical system security: smart grid, V2G and cellular communication networks.
Publication
2026
- Saxena, N. et al. 2026. Artificial intelligence and industrial cyber‐physical security [Guest Editorial]. IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications 11 (1) e70052. (10.1049/cps2.70052)
- Aloraini, F. et al. 2026. FastTrick: socially-engineered phishing e-mail detection using hashing trick. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (10.1109/TKDE.2026.3705635)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2026. Strengthening EV charging infrastructure against mass-scale cyber threats. IEEE Internet Computing 30 (3), pp.39-49. (10.1109/MIC.2026.3684338)
2025
- Kurt, F. et al. 2025. POSTER: Automating ICS Malware Analysis with MITRE ATT&CK. Presented at: ACM AsiaCCS Hanoi, Vietnam 25-29 August 2025. Proceedings of the 20th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. , pp.1806-1808. (10.1145/3708821.3735345)
- Asiri, M. et al. 2025. Frontline responders: Rethinking indicators of compromise for industrial control system security. Computers and Security 154 104421. (10.1016/j.cose.2025.104421)
- Bagchi, P. et al., 2025. Designing quantum-safe lattice-based multi-authority CP-ABE scheme for blockchain-enabled IoT-based consumer healthcare electronics. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 71 (2), pp.4983-4994. (10.1109/tce.2025.3552021)
- Bin Hulayyil, S. , Li, S. and Saxena, N. 2025. Explainable AI-based intrusion detection in IoT systems. Internet of Things 31 101589. (10.1016/j.iot.2025.101589)
- Shivran, K. S. et al., 2025. Cyber risk identification and classification‐based load forecasting tool for pandemic situationsber risk identification and classification‐based load forecasting tool for pandemic situations. IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications 10 (1) e70014. (10.1049/cps2.70014)
- Bin Hulayyil, S. , Li, S. and Saxena, N. 2025. IoT vulnerability detection using featureless LLM CyBert model. Presented at: IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications Sanya, China 17-21 December 2024. Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications. IEEE. , pp.2474-2480. (10.1109/TrustCom63139.2024.00343)
- Dodd, C. , Saxena, N. and Maity, 2025. Security analysis of smart home devices: Smart life and Philip Hue. Presented at: IEEE PerCom - International Workshop on Security, Privacy and Trust in the Internet of Things (SPT-IoT) Washington, USA 17-21 March 2025. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops). IEEE. , pp.398-403. (10.1109/PerComWorkshops65533.2025.00098)
2024
- Prateek, K. , Maity, S. and Saxena, N. 2024. QSKA: A quantum secured privacy-preserving mutual authentication scheme for energy internet-based vehicle-to-grid communication. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 21 (6), pp.6810-6826. (10.1109/TNSM.2024.3445972)
- Rotibi, A. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2024. Winning the battle with cyber risk identification tools in industrial control systems: A review. IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications 9 (4), pp.350-365. (10.1049/cps2.12105)
- Li, S. , Iqbal, M. and Saxena, N. 2024. Future industry internet of things with aero-trust security. Information Systems Frontiers 26 , pp.1653-1666. (10.1007/s10796-021-10199-5)
- Kishor, K. et al., 2024. Federated learning for smart communication using IoT application. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC. (10.1201/9781003489368)
- Alrowaili, Y. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2024. Towards developing an asset-criticality identification framework in smart grids. Presented at: IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR) Workshop on Security, Privacy and Resilience of Critical Assets in Critical Infrastructure (SPARC) London, UK 2-4 Sept 2024. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR). IEEE. , pp.720-725. (10.1109/CSR61664.2024.10679477)
- Bhadoria, R. S. , Saxena, N. and Nagpal, B. 2024. Conclusion and wrap-up. In: Bhadoria, R. S. , Saxena, N. and Nagpal, B. eds. Blockchain Technology for Secure Social Media Computing. The Institution of Engineering and Technology. , pp.221-222. (10.1049/pbse019e_ch13)
- Rotibi, A. et al. 2024. System-level operational cyber risks identification in industrial control systems. Cyber-Physical Systems (10.1080/23335777.2024.2373388)
- Aljohani, R. , Saxena, N. and Bhadoria, R. S. 2024. Security issues and challenges in cloud computing. In: Alharahsheh, H. H. and Mazumdar, A. eds. Handbook of Research on Cloud Computing Applications in SMES. IGI Global
- Afenu, D. S. , Asiri, M. and Saxena, N. 2024. Industrial control systems security validation based on MITRE adversarial tactics, techniques, and common knowledge framework. Electronics 13 (5) 917. (10.3390/electronics13050917)
2023
- Nafees, M. N. et al. 2023. Smart grid cyber-physical situational awareness of complex operational technology attacks: A review. ACM Computing Surveys 55 (10), pp.1-36. 215. (10.1145/3565570)
- Nafees, M. N. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2023. POSTER: Adaptive moving target defense: Enhancing dynamic perturbation through voltage sensitivity analysis in power systems. Presented at: 21st International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security (ACNS 2023) Kyoto, Japan 19-22 June 2023. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security (ACNS 2023). Vol. 13907.Lecture Notes in Computer Science Springer. , pp.700-704. (10.1007/978-3-031-41181-6_43)
- Alrowaili, Y. et al. 2023. Review: Monitoring situational awareness of smart grid cyber-physical systems and critical asset identification. IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications 8 (3), pp.160-185. (10.1049/cps2.12059)
- Verma, G. et al., 2023. CB-DA: Lightweight and escrow-free certificate-based data aggregation for smart grid. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 20 (3), pp.2011-2024. (10.1109/TDSC.2022.3169952)
- Asiri, M. et al. 2023. Understanding indicators of compromise against cyber-attacks in industrial control systems: a security perspective. ACM transactions on cyber-physical systems 7 (2), pp.1-33. (10.1145/3587255)
- Saxena, N. , Potter, C. and Maity, S. 2023. Clarity: Analysing security in web applications. Presented at: COMSNETS Bengaluru, India 3-8 January 2023. 2023 15th International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS). IEEE. , pp.522-528. (10.1109/COMSNETS56262.2023.10041289)
- Mohammed, A. S. et al. 2023. Detection and mitigation of field flooding attacks on oil and gas critical infrastructure communication. Computers and Security 124 103007. (10.1016/j.cose.2022.103007)
- Asiri, M. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2023. Advancing resilience of cyber-physical smart grid: An integrated co-simulation approach incorporating indicators of compromise. Presented at: International Workshop on Re-design Industrial Control Systems with Security (RICSS) in conjunction with IEEE EuroS&P Delft, Netherlands 3-7 July 2023. 2023 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW). IEEE. , pp.370-378. (10.1109/eurospw59978.2023.00047)
- Rotibi, A. et al. 2023. Extended dependency modelling technique for cyber risk identification in ICS. IEEE Access 11 , pp.37229-37242. (10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3263671)
- Rotibi, A. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2023. Poster: Using causal inference to extract hidden information from dependency modelling. Presented at: IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (Euro S&P) Delft, Netherlands 3-7 July 2023.
2022
- Nafees, M. N. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2022. On the efficacy of physics-informed context-based anomaly detection for power system. Presented at: IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids Singapore 25-28 October 2022. 2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm). IEEE(10.1109/SmartGridComm52983.2022.9961034)
- Nafees, M. N. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2022. Physics-informed augmentation for contextual anomaly detection in smart grid. Presented at: ACM CCS Los Angeles, USA 7-11 November 2022. CCS '22: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM. , pp.3427-3429. (10.1145/3548606.3563533)
- Althunayyan, M. et al. 2022. Evaluation of black-box web application security scanners in detecting injection vulnerabilities. Electronics 11 (13) 2049. (10.3390/electronics11132049)
- Khan, R. et al., 2022. ATVSA: vehicle driver profiling for situational awareness. Presented at: IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy, ACSW Genoa, Italy 06-10 June 2022. 2022 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW). IEEE. , pp.348-357. (10.1109/EuroSPW55150.2022.00042)
- Mohammed, A. S. , Saxena, N. and Rana, O. 2022. Wheels on the modbus - attacking ModbusTCP communications. Presented at: 15th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks (WiSec 2022) San Antonio, TX, United States 16-19 May 2022. WiSec '22: Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks. New York: ACM. , pp.288-289. (10.1145/3507657.3529654)
- Merlino, J. C. , Asiri, M. and Saxena, N. 2022. DDoS cyber-incident detection in smart grids. Sustainability 14 (5) 2730. (10.3390/su14052730)
- Kumar, A. et al., 2022. Improving detection of false data injection attacks using machine learning with feature selection and oversampling. Electronics 15 (1) 212. (10.3390/en15010212)
- Ali, S. S. et al., 2022. Image forgery detection using deeplearning by recompressing the images. Electronics 11 (3) 403. (10.3390/electronics11030403)
- Kumar, P. , Maity, S. and Saxena, N. 2022. A quantum communication based secure road condition monitoring application in intelligent internet of vehicular things. Presented at: IEEE INDICON Kerala, India 24-26 November 2022.
2021
- Nafees, M. N. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2021. Optimized predictive control for AGC cyber resiliency. Presented at: 2021 ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) Seoul, South Korea 14-19 November 2021. CCS '21: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM. , pp.2450-2452. (10.1145/3460120.3485358)
- Orr, F. et al., 2021. Securing publisher-subscriber in smart grid infrastructure. Electronics 10 (19) 2355. (10.3390/electronics10192355)
- Liu, C. et al., 2021. Cyber risks to critical smart grid assets of industrial control systems. Energies 14 (17) 5501. (10.3390/en14175501)
- Asiri, M. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2021. Investigating usable indicators against cyber-attacks in industrial control systems. Presented at: 17th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (USENIX Security 2021) Online 8-10 August 2021. USENIX Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS) 2021. USENIX
- Burke, G. and Saxena, N. 2021. Cyber risks prediction and analysis in medical emergency equipment for situational awareness. Sensors 21 (16) 5325. (10.3390/s21165325)
- Karunarathne, S. M. , Saxena, N. and Khan, M. K. 2021. Security and privacy in IoT smart healthcare. IEEE Internet Computing 25 (4), pp.37-48. (10.1109/MIC.2021.3051675)
- Chugh, N. et al., 2021. A novel anomaly behavior detection scheme for mobile ad hoc networks. Electronics 10 (14) 1635. (10.3390/electronics10141635)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2021. Impact evaluation of malicious control commands in cyber-physical smart grids. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing 6 (2), pp.208-220. (10.1109/TSUSC.2018.2879670)
- Nafees, M. N. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2021. Specification-based process control attack detection in substation automation. Presented at: 42nd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy 2021 Virtual 23-27 May 2021.
- Asad, B. and Saxena, N. 2021. On the feasibility of DoS attack on smart door lock IoT network. Presented at: 8th International Symposium on Security in Computing and Communications (SSCC 2020) Virtual 14-17 October 2020. Security in Computing and Communications. Vol. 1364.Springer. , pp.123-138. (10.1007/978-981-16-0422-5_9)
- Sharma, U. et al., 2021. Optimized authentication system with high security and privacy. Electronics 10 (4) 458. (10.3390/electronics10040458)
- Gope, P. , Millwood, O. and Saxena, N. 2021. A provably secure authentication scheme for RFID-enabled UAV applications. Computer Communications 166 , pp.19-25. (10.1016/j.comcom.2020.11.009)
- Kumar, A. , Saxena, N. and Choi, B. J. 2021. Machine learning algorithm for detection of false data injection attack in power system. Presented at: 35th International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN 2021) Jeju Island, Korea 13-16 January 2021. Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Information Networking. IEEE. , pp.385-390. (10.1109/ICOIN50884.2021.9333913)
- Alrowaili, Y. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2021. Determining asset criticality in cyber-physical smart grid. Presented at: 26th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS 2021) Online 4-8 October 2021.
- Kumar, A. , Saxena, N. and Choi, B. J. 2021. FedTLG: federated learning using trusted local groups. Presented at: 16th ACM ASIA Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ACM ASIACCS 2021) Virtual 07-11 June 2021.
2020
- Nafees, M. N. et al. 2020. Impact of energy consumption attacks on LoRaWAN-enabled devices in industrial context. Presented at: ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS 2020) Virtual 9-13 November 2020. Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. , pp.2117-2119. (10.1145/3372297)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2020. Impact and key challenges of insider threats on organizations and critical businesses. Electronics 9 (9) 1460. (10.3390/electronics9091460)
- Tung, Y. et al., 2020. Counteracting UDP flooding attacks in SDN. Electronics 9 (8) 1239. (10.3390/electronics9081239)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2020. PharmaCrypt: blockchain for critical pharmaceutical industry to counterfeit drugs. Computer 53 (7), pp.29-44. (10.1109/MC.2020.2989238)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2020. BVPSMS: A batch verification protocol for end-to-end secure SMS for mobile users. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 17 (3), pp.550-565. (10.1109/TDSC.2018.2799223)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2020. Introduction to the special issue on user-centric security and safety for CPS [Editorial]. ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems 4 (3) 29. (10.1145/3392715)
- Bhadoria, R. S. , Nimbalkar, A. and Saxena, N. 2020. On the role of Blockchain technology in the Internet of Things. In: Kim, S. and Deka, G. C. eds. Advanced Applications of Blockchain Technology. Springer. , pp.129-140.
- Asad, B. , Saxena, N. and Katos, V. 2020. Analysis of the security and privacy risks and challenges in smart cities’ traffic light system. Presented at: 3rd Smart Cities Symposium (SCS 2020) Virtual 21-23 September 2020. Proceedings of the 3rd Smart Cities Symposium. IEEE. , pp.226-232. (10.1049/icp.2021.0940)
- Nafees, M. N. et al. 2020. Towards distance relay attack discrimination for situational awareness-based anomaly detection. Presented at: Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC 2020) Virtual 7-11 December 2020.
- Singh, V. et al., 2020. Improving smart healthcare safety & security using Kinect. Presented at: International Conference on Cybersecurity in Emerging Digital Era (ICCEDE 2020) Greater Noida, India 9-10 October 2020.
2019
- Adewole, K. , Saxena, N. and Bhadauria, S. 2019. Application of cryptocurrencies using Blockchain for e-commerce online payment. In: Maleh, Y. et al., Blockchain for Cybersecurity and Privacy: Architectures, Challenges and Applications. C&C Press, Taylor & Francis Group. , pp.263-306.
- Saxena, N. et al. 2019. BAS-VAS: A novel secure protocol for value added service delivery to mobile devices. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 15 , pp.1470-1485. (10.1109/TIFS.2019.2940908)
2018
- Saxena, N. and Choi, B. J. 2018. Integrated distributed authentication protocol for smart grid communications. IEEE Systems Journal 12 (3), pp.2545-2556. (10.1109/JSYST.2016.2574699)
- Saxena, N. and Grijalva, S. 2018. Efficient signature scheme for delivering authentic control commands in the smart grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 9 (5), pp.4323-4334. (10.1109/TSG.2017.2655014)
- Chaudhary, R. et al., 2018. LSCSH: Lattice-based secure cryptosystem for smart healthcare in smart cities environment. IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 56 (4), pp.24-32. (10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700787)
- Saxena, N. , Grijalva, S. and Choi, B. J. 2018. Securing restricted publisher-subscriber communications in smart grid substations. Presented at: International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS (COMSNETS) Bengaluru, India 3-7 Jan. 2018. 2018 10th International Conference on Communication Systems & Networks (COMSNETS). IEEE. , pp.364-371. (10.1109/COMSNETS.2018.8328220)
- Stone, J. A. , Saxena, N. and Dogan, H. 2018. Systematic analysis: Resistance to traffic analysis attacks in Tor System for critical infrastructures. Presented at: IEEE International Conference on System, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) Miyazaki, Japan 7-10 Oct. 2018. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE. , pp.2832-2837. (10.1109/SMC.2018.00482)
- Saxena, N. and Chaudhari, N. S. 2018. Secure algorithms for SAKA protocol in the GSM network. Presented at: 10th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC) Valencia, Spain 25-27 Sep. 2017. 2017 10th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC). IEEE. , pp.1-8. (10.1109/WMNC.2017.8248853)
2017
- Saxena, N. et al. 2017. CPSA: A cyber-physical security assessment tool for situational awareness in smart grid. Presented at: ACM Workshop on Cyber-Physical Systems Security & Privacy (CPS-SPC) in Conjunction with ACM CCS Dallas, USA 3 Nov. 2017. CPS '17: Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on Cyber-Physical Systems Security and PrivaCy. ACM. , pp.69-79. (10.1145/3140241.3140246)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2017. Network Security and Privacy Challenges in Smart Vehicle-to-Grid. IEEE Wireless Communications 24 (4), pp.88-98. (10.1109/MWC.2016.1600039WC)
- Saxena, N. and Grijalva, S. 2017. Dynamic secrets and secret keys based scheme for securing last mile smart grid wireless communication. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 13 (3), pp.1482-1491. (10.1109/TII.2016.2610950)
- Saxena, N. , Choi, B. J. and Grijalva, S. 2017. Secure and privacy-preserving concentration of meeting data in AMI networks. Presented at: IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) Paris, France 21-25 May 2017. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). IEEE. , pp.1-7. (10.1109/ICC.2017.7996874)
2016
- Saxena, N. , Grijalva, S. and Chaudhari, N. S. 2016. Authentication Protocol for an IoT-Enabled LTE Network. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology 16 (4), pp.-. 25. (10.1145/2981547)
- Saxena, N. and Choi, B. J. 2016. Authentication scheme for flexible charging and discharging of mobile vehicles in the V2G networks. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 11 (7), pp.1438-1452. (10.1109/TIFS.2016.2532840)
- Saxena, N. , Choi, B. J. and Lu, R. 2016. Authentication and authorization scheme for various user roles and devices in smart grid. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 11 (5), pp.907-921. (10.1109/TIFS.2015.2512525)
2014
- Saxena, N. and Chaudhari, N. S. 2014. EasySMS: a protocol for end to end secure transmission of SMS. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 9 (7), pp.1157-1168. (10.1109/TIFS.2014.2320579)
Articles
- Saxena, N. et al. 2026. Artificial intelligence and industrial cyber‐physical security [Guest Editorial]. IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications 11 (1) e70052. (10.1049/cps2.70052)
- Aloraini, F. et al. 2026. FastTrick: socially-engineered phishing e-mail detection using hashing trick. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (10.1109/TKDE.2026.3705635)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2026. Strengthening EV charging infrastructure against mass-scale cyber threats. IEEE Internet Computing 30 (3), pp.39-49. (10.1109/MIC.2026.3684338)
- Asiri, M. et al. 2025. Frontline responders: Rethinking indicators of compromise for industrial control system security. Computers and Security 154 104421. (10.1016/j.cose.2025.104421)
- Bagchi, P. et al., 2025. Designing quantum-safe lattice-based multi-authority CP-ABE scheme for blockchain-enabled IoT-based consumer healthcare electronics. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 71 (2), pp.4983-4994. (10.1109/tce.2025.3552021)
- Bin Hulayyil, S. , Li, S. and Saxena, N. 2025. Explainable AI-based intrusion detection in IoT systems. Internet of Things 31 101589. (10.1016/j.iot.2025.101589)
- Shivran, K. S. et al., 2025. Cyber risk identification and classification‐based load forecasting tool for pandemic situationsber risk identification and classification‐based load forecasting tool for pandemic situations. IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications 10 (1) e70014. (10.1049/cps2.70014)
- Prateek, K. , Maity, S. and Saxena, N. 2024. QSKA: A quantum secured privacy-preserving mutual authentication scheme for energy internet-based vehicle-to-grid communication. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 21 (6), pp.6810-6826. (10.1109/TNSM.2024.3445972)
- Rotibi, A. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2024. Winning the battle with cyber risk identification tools in industrial control systems: A review. IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications 9 (4), pp.350-365. (10.1049/cps2.12105)
- Li, S. , Iqbal, M. and Saxena, N. 2024. Future industry internet of things with aero-trust security. Information Systems Frontiers 26 , pp.1653-1666. (10.1007/s10796-021-10199-5)
- Rotibi, A. et al. 2024. System-level operational cyber risks identification in industrial control systems. Cyber-Physical Systems (10.1080/23335777.2024.2373388)
- Afenu, D. S. , Asiri, M. and Saxena, N. 2024. Industrial control systems security validation based on MITRE adversarial tactics, techniques, and common knowledge framework. Electronics 13 (5) 917. (10.3390/electronics13050917)
- Nafees, M. N. et al. 2023. Smart grid cyber-physical situational awareness of complex operational technology attacks: A review. ACM Computing Surveys 55 (10), pp.1-36. 215. (10.1145/3565570)
- Alrowaili, Y. et al. 2023. Review: Monitoring situational awareness of smart grid cyber-physical systems and critical asset identification. IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications 8 (3), pp.160-185. (10.1049/cps2.12059)
- Verma, G. et al., 2023. CB-DA: Lightweight and escrow-free certificate-based data aggregation for smart grid. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 20 (3), pp.2011-2024. (10.1109/TDSC.2022.3169952)
- Asiri, M. et al. 2023. Understanding indicators of compromise against cyber-attacks in industrial control systems: a security perspective. ACM transactions on cyber-physical systems 7 (2), pp.1-33. (10.1145/3587255)
- Mohammed, A. S. et al. 2023. Detection and mitigation of field flooding attacks on oil and gas critical infrastructure communication. Computers and Security 124 103007. (10.1016/j.cose.2022.103007)
- Rotibi, A. et al. 2023. Extended dependency modelling technique for cyber risk identification in ICS. IEEE Access 11 , pp.37229-37242. (10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3263671)
- Althunayyan, M. et al. 2022. Evaluation of black-box web application security scanners in detecting injection vulnerabilities. Electronics 11 (13) 2049. (10.3390/electronics11132049)
- Merlino, J. C. , Asiri, M. and Saxena, N. 2022. DDoS cyber-incident detection in smart grids. Sustainability 14 (5) 2730. (10.3390/su14052730)
- Kumar, A. et al., 2022. Improving detection of false data injection attacks using machine learning with feature selection and oversampling. Electronics 15 (1) 212. (10.3390/en15010212)
- Ali, S. S. et al., 2022. Image forgery detection using deeplearning by recompressing the images. Electronics 11 (3) 403. (10.3390/electronics11030403)
- Orr, F. et al., 2021. Securing publisher-subscriber in smart grid infrastructure. Electronics 10 (19) 2355. (10.3390/electronics10192355)
- Liu, C. et al., 2021. Cyber risks to critical smart grid assets of industrial control systems. Energies 14 (17) 5501. (10.3390/en14175501)
- Burke, G. and Saxena, N. 2021. Cyber risks prediction and analysis in medical emergency equipment for situational awareness. Sensors 21 (16) 5325. (10.3390/s21165325)
- Karunarathne, S. M. , Saxena, N. and Khan, M. K. 2021. Security and privacy in IoT smart healthcare. IEEE Internet Computing 25 (4), pp.37-48. (10.1109/MIC.2021.3051675)
- Chugh, N. et al., 2021. A novel anomaly behavior detection scheme for mobile ad hoc networks. Electronics 10 (14) 1635. (10.3390/electronics10141635)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2021. Impact evaluation of malicious control commands in cyber-physical smart grids. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing 6 (2), pp.208-220. (10.1109/TSUSC.2018.2879670)
- Sharma, U. et al., 2021. Optimized authentication system with high security and privacy. Electronics 10 (4) 458. (10.3390/electronics10040458)
- Gope, P. , Millwood, O. and Saxena, N. 2021. A provably secure authentication scheme for RFID-enabled UAV applications. Computer Communications 166 , pp.19-25. (10.1016/j.comcom.2020.11.009)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2020. Impact and key challenges of insider threats on organizations and critical businesses. Electronics 9 (9) 1460. (10.3390/electronics9091460)
- Tung, Y. et al., 2020. Counteracting UDP flooding attacks in SDN. Electronics 9 (8) 1239. (10.3390/electronics9081239)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2020. PharmaCrypt: blockchain for critical pharmaceutical industry to counterfeit drugs. Computer 53 (7), pp.29-44. (10.1109/MC.2020.2989238)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2020. BVPSMS: A batch verification protocol for end-to-end secure SMS for mobile users. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 17 (3), pp.550-565. (10.1109/TDSC.2018.2799223)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2020. Introduction to the special issue on user-centric security and safety for CPS [Editorial]. ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems 4 (3) 29. (10.1145/3392715)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2019. BAS-VAS: A novel secure protocol for value added service delivery to mobile devices. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 15 , pp.1470-1485. (10.1109/TIFS.2019.2940908)
- Saxena, N. and Choi, B. J. 2018. Integrated distributed authentication protocol for smart grid communications. IEEE Systems Journal 12 (3), pp.2545-2556. (10.1109/JSYST.2016.2574699)
- Saxena, N. and Grijalva, S. 2018. Efficient signature scheme for delivering authentic control commands in the smart grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 9 (5), pp.4323-4334. (10.1109/TSG.2017.2655014)
- Chaudhary, R. et al., 2018. LSCSH: Lattice-based secure cryptosystem for smart healthcare in smart cities environment. IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE 56 (4), pp.24-32. (10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700787)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2017. Network Security and Privacy Challenges in Smart Vehicle-to-Grid. IEEE Wireless Communications 24 (4), pp.88-98. (10.1109/MWC.2016.1600039WC)
- Saxena, N. and Grijalva, S. 2017. Dynamic secrets and secret keys based scheme for securing last mile smart grid wireless communication. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 13 (3), pp.1482-1491. (10.1109/TII.2016.2610950)
- Saxena, N. , Grijalva, S. and Chaudhari, N. S. 2016. Authentication Protocol for an IoT-Enabled LTE Network. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology 16 (4), pp.-. 25. (10.1145/2981547)
- Saxena, N. and Choi, B. J. 2016. Authentication scheme for flexible charging and discharging of mobile vehicles in the V2G networks. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 11 (7), pp.1438-1452. (10.1109/TIFS.2016.2532840)
- Saxena, N. , Choi, B. J. and Lu, R. 2016. Authentication and authorization scheme for various user roles and devices in smart grid. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 11 (5), pp.907-921. (10.1109/TIFS.2015.2512525)
- Saxena, N. and Chaudhari, N. S. 2014. EasySMS: a protocol for end to end secure transmission of SMS. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 9 (7), pp.1157-1168. (10.1109/TIFS.2014.2320579)
Book sections
- Bhadoria, R. S. , Saxena, N. and Nagpal, B. 2024. Conclusion and wrap-up. In: Bhadoria, R. S. , Saxena, N. and Nagpal, B. eds. Blockchain Technology for Secure Social Media Computing. The Institution of Engineering and Technology. , pp.221-222. (10.1049/pbse019e_ch13)
- Aljohani, R. , Saxena, N. and Bhadoria, R. S. 2024. Security issues and challenges in cloud computing. In: Alharahsheh, H. H. and Mazumdar, A. eds. Handbook of Research on Cloud Computing Applications in SMES. IGI Global
- Bhadoria, R. S. , Nimbalkar, A. and Saxena, N. 2020. On the role of Blockchain technology in the Internet of Things. In: Kim, S. and Deka, G. C. eds. Advanced Applications of Blockchain Technology. Springer. , pp.129-140.
- Adewole, K. , Saxena, N. and Bhadauria, S. 2019. Application of cryptocurrencies using Blockchain for e-commerce online payment. In: Maleh, Y. et al., Blockchain for Cybersecurity and Privacy: Architectures, Challenges and Applications. C&C Press, Taylor & Francis Group. , pp.263-306.
Books
- Kishor, K. et al., 2024. Federated learning for smart communication using IoT application. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC. (10.1201/9781003489368)
Conferences
- Kurt, F. et al. 2025. POSTER: Automating ICS Malware Analysis with MITRE ATT&CK. Presented at: ACM AsiaCCS Hanoi, Vietnam 25-29 August 2025. Proceedings of the 20th ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. , pp.1806-1808. (10.1145/3708821.3735345)
- Bin Hulayyil, S. , Li, S. and Saxena, N. 2025. IoT vulnerability detection using featureless LLM CyBert model. Presented at: IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications Sanya, China 17-21 December 2024. Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications. IEEE. , pp.2474-2480. (10.1109/TrustCom63139.2024.00343)
- Dodd, C. , Saxena, N. and Maity, 2025. Security analysis of smart home devices: Smart life and Philip Hue. Presented at: IEEE PerCom - International Workshop on Security, Privacy and Trust in the Internet of Things (SPT-IoT) Washington, USA 17-21 March 2025. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops). IEEE. , pp.398-403. (10.1109/PerComWorkshops65533.2025.00098)
- Alrowaili, Y. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2024. Towards developing an asset-criticality identification framework in smart grids. Presented at: IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR) Workshop on Security, Privacy and Resilience of Critical Assets in Critical Infrastructure (SPARC) London, UK 2-4 Sept 2024. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR). IEEE. , pp.720-725. (10.1109/CSR61664.2024.10679477)
- Nafees, M. N. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2023. POSTER: Adaptive moving target defense: Enhancing dynamic perturbation through voltage sensitivity analysis in power systems. Presented at: 21st International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security (ACNS 2023) Kyoto, Japan 19-22 June 2023. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security (ACNS 2023). Vol. 13907.Lecture Notes in Computer Science Springer. , pp.700-704. (10.1007/978-3-031-41181-6_43)
- Saxena, N. , Potter, C. and Maity, S. 2023. Clarity: Analysing security in web applications. Presented at: COMSNETS Bengaluru, India 3-8 January 2023. 2023 15th International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS). IEEE. , pp.522-528. (10.1109/COMSNETS56262.2023.10041289)
- Asiri, M. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2023. Advancing resilience of cyber-physical smart grid: An integrated co-simulation approach incorporating indicators of compromise. Presented at: International Workshop on Re-design Industrial Control Systems with Security (RICSS) in conjunction with IEEE EuroS&P Delft, Netherlands 3-7 July 2023. 2023 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW). IEEE. , pp.370-378. (10.1109/eurospw59978.2023.00047)
- Rotibi, A. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2023. Poster: Using causal inference to extract hidden information from dependency modelling. Presented at: IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (Euro S&P) Delft, Netherlands 3-7 July 2023.
- Nafees, M. N. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2022. On the efficacy of physics-informed context-based anomaly detection for power system. Presented at: IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids Singapore 25-28 October 2022. 2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm). IEEE(10.1109/SmartGridComm52983.2022.9961034)
- Nafees, M. N. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2022. Physics-informed augmentation for contextual anomaly detection in smart grid. Presented at: ACM CCS Los Angeles, USA 7-11 November 2022. CCS '22: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM. , pp.3427-3429. (10.1145/3548606.3563533)
- Khan, R. et al., 2022. ATVSA: vehicle driver profiling for situational awareness. Presented at: IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy, ACSW Genoa, Italy 06-10 June 2022. 2022 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW). IEEE. , pp.348-357. (10.1109/EuroSPW55150.2022.00042)
- Mohammed, A. S. , Saxena, N. and Rana, O. 2022. Wheels on the modbus - attacking ModbusTCP communications. Presented at: 15th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks (WiSec 2022) San Antonio, TX, United States 16-19 May 2022. WiSec '22: Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks. New York: ACM. , pp.288-289. (10.1145/3507657.3529654)
- Kumar, P. , Maity, S. and Saxena, N. 2022. A quantum communication based secure road condition monitoring application in intelligent internet of vehicular things. Presented at: IEEE INDICON Kerala, India 24-26 November 2022.
- Nafees, M. N. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2021. Optimized predictive control for AGC cyber resiliency. Presented at: 2021 ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) Seoul, South Korea 14-19 November 2021. CCS '21: Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM. , pp.2450-2452. (10.1145/3460120.3485358)
- Asiri, M. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2021. Investigating usable indicators against cyber-attacks in industrial control systems. Presented at: 17th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (USENIX Security 2021) Online 8-10 August 2021. USENIX Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS) 2021. USENIX
- Nafees, M. N. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2021. Specification-based process control attack detection in substation automation. Presented at: 42nd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy 2021 Virtual 23-27 May 2021.
- Asad, B. and Saxena, N. 2021. On the feasibility of DoS attack on smart door lock IoT network. Presented at: 8th International Symposium on Security in Computing and Communications (SSCC 2020) Virtual 14-17 October 2020. Security in Computing and Communications. Vol. 1364.Springer. , pp.123-138. (10.1007/978-981-16-0422-5_9)
- Kumar, A. , Saxena, N. and Choi, B. J. 2021. Machine learning algorithm for detection of false data injection attack in power system. Presented at: 35th International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN 2021) Jeju Island, Korea 13-16 January 2021. Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Information Networking. IEEE. , pp.385-390. (10.1109/ICOIN50884.2021.9333913)
- Alrowaili, Y. , Saxena, N. and Burnap, P. 2021. Determining asset criticality in cyber-physical smart grid. Presented at: 26th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS 2021) Online 4-8 October 2021.
- Kumar, A. , Saxena, N. and Choi, B. J. 2021. FedTLG: federated learning using trusted local groups. Presented at: 16th ACM ASIA Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ACM ASIACCS 2021) Virtual 07-11 June 2021.
- Nafees, M. N. et al. 2020. Impact of energy consumption attacks on LoRaWAN-enabled devices in industrial context. Presented at: ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS 2020) Virtual 9-13 November 2020. Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. , pp.2117-2119. (10.1145/3372297)
- Asad, B. , Saxena, N. and Katos, V. 2020. Analysis of the security and privacy risks and challenges in smart cities’ traffic light system. Presented at: 3rd Smart Cities Symposium (SCS 2020) Virtual 21-23 September 2020. Proceedings of the 3rd Smart Cities Symposium. IEEE. , pp.226-232. (10.1049/icp.2021.0940)
- Nafees, M. N. et al. 2020. Towards distance relay attack discrimination for situational awareness-based anomaly detection. Presented at: Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC 2020) Virtual 7-11 December 2020.
- Singh, V. et al., 2020. Improving smart healthcare safety & security using Kinect. Presented at: International Conference on Cybersecurity in Emerging Digital Era (ICCEDE 2020) Greater Noida, India 9-10 October 2020.
- Saxena, N. , Grijalva, S. and Choi, B. J. 2018. Securing restricted publisher-subscriber communications in smart grid substations. Presented at: International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS (COMSNETS) Bengaluru, India 3-7 Jan. 2018. 2018 10th International Conference on Communication Systems & Networks (COMSNETS). IEEE. , pp.364-371. (10.1109/COMSNETS.2018.8328220)
- Stone, J. A. , Saxena, N. and Dogan, H. 2018. Systematic analysis: Resistance to traffic analysis attacks in Tor System for critical infrastructures. Presented at: IEEE International Conference on System, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) Miyazaki, Japan 7-10 Oct. 2018. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE. , pp.2832-2837. (10.1109/SMC.2018.00482)
- Saxena, N. and Chaudhari, N. S. 2018. Secure algorithms for SAKA protocol in the GSM network. Presented at: 10th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC) Valencia, Spain 25-27 Sep. 2017. 2017 10th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC). IEEE. , pp.1-8. (10.1109/WMNC.2017.8248853)
- Saxena, N. et al. 2017. CPSA: A cyber-physical security assessment tool for situational awareness in smart grid. Presented at: ACM Workshop on Cyber-Physical Systems Security & Privacy (CPS-SPC) in Conjunction with ACM CCS Dallas, USA 3 Nov. 2017. CPS '17: Proceedings of the 2017 Workshop on Cyber-Physical Systems Security and PrivaCy. ACM. , pp.69-79. (10.1145/3140241.3140246)
- Saxena, N. , Choi, B. J. and Grijalva, S. 2017. Secure and privacy-preserving concentration of meeting data in AMI networks. Presented at: IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) Paris, France 21-25 May 2017. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). IEEE. , pp.1-7. (10.1109/ICC.2017.7996874)
Research
My current research interests are cybersecurity, cyber-physical system security, and IoT security + AI/ML/DL/LLM.
Industrial Control System Security/Energy System Security (Particularly, Smart Grid and Electric Vehicle Security): Secure smart grid infrastructure, securing smart grid network with plugged-in devices, decision support secure control centres in smart grid, cyber incident-response smart grid tool, developing techniques for monitoring the current health of the cyber-physical system in real-time, building cyber range capabilities under a virtual simulated environment.
Vehicular Security (including Autonomous vehicles): Vehicle Forensics, CAN bus system, connected autonomous vehicles (CAV), unmanned ground/ariel vehicles
Security in Quantum Communication, Satellite Communication, Space Security, 5/6G: Real-time authentication and authorisation among several new actors in the system.
IoT Security: Develop automated tools for identifying security vulnerabilities and interdependencies in devices and services, and developing IoT configuration and monitoring capable tools.
Human-Centric Security: Safety and security
For more information, please visit here.
Teaching
CMT310 Developing Secure Systems and Applications
Biography
Dr Neetesh Saxena is an Associate Professor at Cardiff University, UK. He previously held positions at Bournemouth University, the Georgia Institute of Technology, Stony Brook University, and SUNY Korea, and was a DAAD Scholar (Germany), RITICS Fellow (UK), TCS Scholar (India). His research focuses on cybersecurity and resilience of cyber-physical systems and critical infrastructures, including industrial control systems, smart grids, electric vehicle and vehicle-to-grid ecosystems, 5G/6G and satellite communications security, and the application of AI and machine learning for cyber defence. Dr Saxena leads the Cyber and Critical Infrastructure Security (CyCIS) Research Lab at Cardiff University and has authored more than 100 peer-reviewed publications in leading IEEE and ACM journals and conferences. He is a Senior Member of IEEE, serves on editorial boards of several international journals, contributes to standards-related activities, and actively supports the cybersecurity community through conference leadership, peer review, and interdisciplinary collaborations aimed at enhancing the safety, security, and resilience of emerging digital infrastructures.
Interviewed by:
Interviewed by the Security, Privacy, Identity, Trust in the Digital Economy (SPRITE+) ( Aug 2021). https://spritehub.org/2021/08/18/sprite-member-spotlight-neetesh-saxena/
Interviewed by IEEE ComSoc Young Professionals (Sep 2017). http://cyp.committees.comsoc.org/interview-with-neetesh-saxena/
Honours and awards
RITICS Fellowship, 2024.
Best Paper Award at 35th International Conference on Information Networking (2021).
GW4 Crucible Future Research Leader Award (2021).
A paper titled "PharmaCrypt: Blockchain for Critical Pharmaceutical Industry to Counterfeit Drugs" is featured on the Front Page of the IEEE Computer Journal (2020).
European Initiative Expert Visitor Award to Singapore by EPIC – European Pacific Partnership for ICT (2018).
ComSoc YP and WICE Best Paper Award at IEEE ICC by IEEE ComSoc YP & WICE Committees (2017).
DAAD Scholarship Award (2013).
TCS Scholarship Award (2012).
Professional memberships
IEEE Senior Member
ACM Member
Academic positions
Committees and reviewing
Associate Editor - IEEE TSC, T-SUSC, IET CPS, Computer Communications, ACM DTRAP, Springer Nature
Guest Editor - ACM TCPS, IEEE TII.
Track Co-Chair - IEEE VTC 2026 fall, IEEE SmartGridComm 2022, TEMSCON 2018.
Workshop Co-Chair: CPSIoTSec co-located with ACM CCS'26, AloTS co-located with ACNS'24; IEEE CSR SPARC'25, IEEE CSR SPARC'24
Journal Reviewer – 80+ journals, e.g., IEEE TIFS, TDSC, TC, TMC, TVT, TII; ACM TOIT, TIOT, TOPS.
TPC Member – 100+ conf., e.g., ACM CCS, AsiaCCS, Usenix Security, Usenix SOUPS, Usenix VehicleSec, ESORICS, IEEE EuroS&P, ICC, TrustCom, WiMob, SmartGridComm, INFOCOM, MILCOM.
Cybersecurity Expert - Research Proposal Reviewer.
Supervisions
Topics for Potential Candidates:
Monitoring Critical Infrastructure Situational Awareness
Monitoring Safety Critical Systems' Situational Awareness
Cyber-Physical Smart Grid Resilience + AI/ML/DL
EV Infrastructure Security and Resilience + AI/ML/DL
Autonomous Vehicle Security and Resilience + AI/ML/DL
5/6G and Satellite Communication Network Security + AI/ML/DL
Quantum Communication Security
Improving the IoT security infrastructure of Smart Cities + AI/ML/DL
If you are looking for a PhD in one of these or similar topics and are willing to work with me, please drop me an email with your proposal including the following points:
A. Title of your PhD work
B. Motivation of the work
C. Research problem and questions (any 3) that you want to address in your work
D. Research gaps - limitations of the existing solutions/tools inline with your research problem
E. Current/existing challenges in developing a better solution
F. Initial thoughts on your proposal/idea and contributions that you will make in this work.
Current supervision
Contact Details
Research themes
Specialisms
- Cyberphysical systems and internet of things
- Cybersecurity and privacy