Dr Jonathan Underwood

2025

• Breuer, J. et al. 2025. Monitoring the emergence of resistance with sotrovimab in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19: LUNAR study. Journal of Infection 91(1), article number: 106510. (10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106510)
• Underwood, J., Reeve, N., Best, V., Akbari, A. and Ahmed, H. 2025. Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke following bloodstream infection: a population-based self-controlled case series. Open Heart 12(1), article number: e003241. (10.1136/openhrt-2025-003241)
• Wood, G. K. et al. 2025. Posthospitalisation COVID-19 cognitive deficits at one year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and grey matter volume reduction. Nature Medicine 31, pp. 245-257. (10.1038/s41591-024-03309-8)
• Davies, K. et al. 2025. NKG2A-mediated immune modulation of natural killer cells by Staphylococcus aureus. The Journal of Immunology
• Horby, P. W. et al. 2025. Sotrovimab versus usual care in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (RECOVERY). The Lancet Infectious Diseases

2024

• Nasse, S., Underwood, J. and Hughes, T. A. 2024. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA escape syndrome. Practical Neurology 24, pp. 507-510. (10.1136/pn-2024-004117)
• Barry, T. D., Hester, Y., Pallmann, P., Thomas-Jones, E., Underwood, J., Backx, M. and Barry, S. M. 2024. The role of nurses in national TB control programs: qualitative insights from TB cohort review in Wales. Medical Research Archives 12(12) (10.18103/mra.v12i12.6063)
• Underwood, J. and Carter, B. L. 2024. Sex disparities in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia mortality. JAMA Network Open 7(10), article number: e2441502. (10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.41502)
• Alagaratnam, J. et al. 2024. Impact of interrupting antiretroviral therapy started during primary HIV-1 infection on plasma neurofilament light chain protein, a marker of neuronal injury: The SPARTAC trial. Journal of Virus Eradication 10(2), article number: 100381. (10.1016/j.jve.2024.100381)
• Underwood, J., Griffiths, R., Gillespie, D., Akbari, A. and Ahmed, H. 2024. All-cause and infection-attributable mortality amongst adults with bloodstream infection—a population-based study. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 11(5), article number: ofae126. (10.1093/ofid/ofae126)
• Alagaratnam, J. et al. 2024. Differences in neuroinflammation in people who started antiretroviral treatment during primary versus chronic HIV infection: an 18kDa Translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) study. Journal of NeuroVirology 30, pp. 165-175. (10.1007/s13365-024-01200-3)
• Nightingale, S. et al. 2024. Reply to ‘Cognitive criteria in HIV: greater consensus is needed’. Nature Reviews Neurology 20(2), pp. 129-130. (10.1038/s41582-024-00928-0)
• Snell, L. B. et al. 2024. A multinational case series describing successful treatment of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by Omicron sublineages with prolonged courses of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 11(1), article number: ofad612. (10.1093/ofid/ofad612)
• Nye, C., Maxwell, A., Hughes, H. and Underwood, J. 2024. Enterococcus faecalis bacteraemia and infective endocarditis - what are we missing?. Clinical Infection in Practice 21, article number: 100336. (10.1016/j.clinpr.2023.100336)
• Barry, S. M., Davies, G. R., Underwood, J., Davies, C. R. and Lewis, K. E. 2024. COVID-19 managed on respiratory wards and intensive care units: Results from the national COVID-19 outcome report in Wales from March 2020 to December 2021. PLoS ONE 19(1), article number: e0294895. (10.1371/journal.pone.0294895)

2023

• Hall, F. C. et al. 2023. Efficacy and safety of baricitinib or ravulizumab in adult patients with severe COVID-19 (TACTIC-R): a randomised, parallel-arm, open-label, phase 4 trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 11(12), pp. 1064-1074. (10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00376-4)
• Hall, F. et al. 2023. Randomised trial to evaluate the efficacy of inhibition of either JAK1/2 or complement activation in severe COVID-19. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
• Nightingale, S. et al. 2023. Cognitive impairment in people living with HIV: consensus recommendations for a new approach. Nature Reviews Neurology 19(7), pp. 424-433. (10.1038/s41582-023-00813-2)
• Evans, A. et al. 2023. Real-world effectiveness of molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, and sotrovimab on preventing hospital admission among higher-risk patients with COVID-19 in Wales: a retrospective cohort study. Journal of Infection 86(4), pp. 352-360. (10.1016/j.jinf.2023.02.012)
• Ambati, S. et al. 2023. Resolution of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection with prolonged intravenous remdesivir and vaccination in a patient post CAR-T. International Journal of Hematology (10.1007/s12185-022-03518-2)

2022

• Keir, H. R. et al. 2022. Dipeptidyl peptidase-1 inhibition in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 10(12), pp. 1119-1128. (10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00261-2)
• Nightingale, S. et al. 2022. Cognitive impairment in people with HIV: consensus recommendations for a new approach. The Lancet HIV 9, pp. e815-e817. (10.1016/S2352-3018(22)00267-3)
• Carter, B. L. and Underwood, J. 2022. Sepsis and the brain: a review for acute and general physicians. Clinical Medicine 22(5), pp. 392-395. (10.7861/clinmed.2022-0346)
• Cooksey, R., Underwood, J., Brophy, S., Atkinson, M., Kennedy, J. and Choy, E. 2022. Shielding reduced incidence of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory arthritis but vulnerability is associated with increased mortality. Rheumatology 61(SI2), pp. SI120-SI128., article number: keac283. (10.1093/rheumatology/keac283)
• Ponsford, M. J. et al. 2022. Examining the utility of extended laboratory panel testing in the emergency department for risk stratification of patients with COVID-19: a single-centre retrospective service evaluation. Journal of Clinical Pathology 75(4), pp. 255-262. (10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207157)
• Alagaratnam, J. et al. 2022. Correlation between cerebrospinal fluid and plasma neurofilament light protein in treated HIV infection: results from the COBRA study. Journal of Neurovirology (JNV) 28, pp. 54-63. (10.1007/s13365-021-01026-3)
• Brown, L. K. et al. 2022. Treatment of chronic or relapsing COVID-19 in immunodeficiency. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 149(2), pp. 557-561. (10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.031)
• Wood, C. H., Underwood, J., Davies, C. and Taylor, P. N. 2022. Patient characteristics and variables influencing acute medical flow. Acute Medicine Journal 21(4), pp. 165-208. (10.52964/AMJA.0920)

2021

• De Francesco, D. et al. 2021. Correlation between computerised and standard cognitive testing in people with HIV and HIV-negative individuals. AIDS Care: Psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV 33(10), pp. 1296-1307. (10.1080/09540121.2020.1865518)
• Bousfield, R. et al. 2021. A retrospective cohort study of bacterial native vertebral osteomyelitis and its management in the UK. Clinical Infection in Practice 12, article number: 100101. (10.1016/j.clinpr.2021.100101)
• Hinks, T. S. C. et al. 2021. Azithromycin versus standard care in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 (ATOMIC2): an open-label, randomised trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 9(10), pp. 1130-1140. (10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00263-0)
• Alagaratnam, J. et al. 2021. No evidence of neuronal damage as measured by neurofilament light chain in a HIV cure study utilising a kick-and-kill approach. Journal of Virus Eradication 7(3), article number: 100056. (10.1016/j.jve.2021.100056)
• Calcagno, A. et al. 2021. Associations between plasma nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors concentrations and cognitive function in people with HIV. PLoS ONE 16(7), article number: e0253861. (10.1371/journal.pone.0253861)
• Alagaratnam, J. et al. 2021. Correlation between CSF and blood neurofilament light chain protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Neurology 3, article number: e000143. (10.1136/bmjno-2021-000143)

2020

• Horby, P. et al. 2020. Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine 383(21), pp. 2030-2040. (10.1056/NEJMoa2022926)
• Toniolo, S. et al. 2020. Changes in functional connectivity in people with HIV switching antiretroviral therapy.. Journal of Neurovirology (JNV) 26, pp. 754-763. (10.1007/s13365-020-00853-0)
• Gupta, S., Parker, J., Smits, S., Underwood, J. and Dolwani, S. 2020. Persistent viral shedding of SARS‐CoV‐2 in faeces – a rapid review. Colorectal Disease 22(6), pp. 611-620. (10.1111/codi.15138)

2019

• Underwood, J. et al. 2019. Validation of a novel multivariate method of defining HIV-associated cognitive impairment. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6(6), pp. ofz198., article number: ofz19. (10.1093/ofid/ofz198)
• Haddow, L. J. et al. 2019. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral small vessel disease in men living with HIV and HIV-negative men aged 50 and above. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 35(5), pp. 453-460. (10.1089/aid.2018.0249)
• Dhillon, S. et al. 2019. Level of agreement between frequently used cardiovascular risk calculators in people living with HIV. HIV Medicine 20(5), pp. 347-352. (10.1111/hiv.12731)
• De Francesco, D. et al. 2019. Cognitive function, depressive symptoms and syphilis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. International Journal of STD and AIDS 30(5), pp. 440-446. (10.1177/0956462418817612)
• Underwood, J. et al. 2019. Antiretroviral central nervous system toxicity. Presented at: The 25th Annual Conference of the British HIV Association (BHIVA), Bournemouth, 2-5 April 2019, Vol. 20. Vol. 55. Wiley pp. 36., (10.1111/hiv.12739)
• De Francesco, D. et al. 2019. Depression, lifestyle factors and cognitive function in people living with HIV and comparable HIV-negative controls. HIV Medicine 20(4), pp. 274-285. (10.1111/hiv.12714)
• Underwood, J., Marks, M., Collins, S., Logan, S. and Pollara, G. 2019. Intravenous catheter-related adverse events exceed drug-related adverse events in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74(3), pp. 787-790. (10.1093/jac/dky474)
• De Francesco, D. et al. 2019. Do people living with HIV experience greater age advancement than their HIV-negative counterparts?. AIDS 33(2), pp. 259-268. (10.1097/QAD.0000000000002063)

2018

• Underwood, J., Cole, J. H., Leech, R., Sharp, D. J. and Winston, A. 2018. Multivariate pattern analysis of volumetric neuroimaging data and its relationship with cognitive function in treated HIV disease. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 78(4), pp. 429-436. (10.1097/QAI.0000000000001687)
• Cole, J. et al. 2018. No evidence for accelerated ageing-related brain pathology in treated HIV: longitudinal neuroimaging results from the Comorbidity in Relation to AIDS (COBRA) project.. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 66(12), pp. 1899–1909. (10.1093/cid/cix1124)
• Underwood, J., De Francesco, D., Leech, R., Sabin, C. A. and Winston, A. 2018. Medicalising normality? Using a simulated dataset to assess the performance of different diagnostic criteria of HIV-associated cognitive impairment. PLoS ONE 13(4), article number: e0194760. (10.1371/journal.pone.0194760)
• Ferretti, F., Mora-Peris, B., Underwood, J., Waldman, A., Everitt, A. and Winston, A. 2018. Cognitive impairment in a clinical setting.. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 77(1), pp. e10 - e13. (10.1097/qai.0000000000001547)
• van Zoest, R. et al. 2018. Structural brain abnormalities in successfully treated HIV infection: Associations with disease and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Journal of Infectious Diseases 217(1), pp. 69 - 81. (10.1093/infdis/jix553)

2017

• Underwood, J. et al. 2017. Gray and white matter abnormalities in treated human immunodeficiency virus disease and their relationship to cognitive function.. Clinical Infectious Diseases 65(3), pp. 422-432. (10.1093/cid/cix301)
• Booiman, T. et al. 2017. High cellular monocyte activation in people living with human immunodeficiency virus on combination antiretroviral therapy and lifestyle-matched controls is associated with greater inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4(3), pp. -., article number: ofx108. (10.1093/ofid/ofx108)
• Underwood, J. et al. 2017. Associations between cognitive impairment and patient-reported measures of physical/mental functioning in older people living with HIV. HIV Medicine 18(5), pp. 363-369. (10.1111/hiv.12434)
• Cole, J. et al. 2017. Increased brain-predicted aging in treated HIV disease. Neurology 88(14), pp. 1349-1357. (10.1212/WNL.0000000000003790)

2016

• Underwood, J. and Winston, A. 2016. Guidelines for evaluation and management of cognitive disorders in HIV-positive individuals. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 13(5), pp. 235--240. (10.1007/s11904-016-0324-x)
• Mora-Peris, B., Stevens, E., Ferretti, F., Underwood, J., Taylor, S. and Winston, A. 2016. Evolution of changes in cognitive function after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Research and Therapy 13(1), article number: 20. (10.1186/s12981-016-0104-0)
• Scott, J., Underwood, J., Garvey, L. J., Mora-Peris, B. and Winston, A. 2016. A comparison of two post-processing analysis methods to quantify cerebral metabolites measured via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in HIV disease. The British Journal of Radiology 89(1060), article number: 20150979. (10.1259/bjr.20150979)
• Winston, A. and Underwood, J. 2016. Plasma biomarkers of HIV-associated cognitive disease. EBioMedicine 3, pp. 12--13. (10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.052)
• Francesco, D. D. et al. 2016. Defining cognitive impairment in people-living-with-HIV: the POPPY study. BMC Infectious Diseases 16(1), article number: 617. (10.1186/s12879-016-1970-8)

2015

• Underwood, J. 2015. Cognitive deficits persist in the combination antiretroviral era: Preliminary results from the Co-morBidity in Relation to AIDS (COBRA) collaboration London cohort. Experimental Gerontology 68, pp. 104. (10.1016/j.exger.2015.01.038)
• Underwood, J., Robertson, K. R. and Winston, A. 2015. Could antiretroviral neurotoxicity play a role in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in treated HIV disease?. AIDS 29(3), pp. 253-261. (10.1097/QAD.0000000000000538)
• Winston, A. and Underwood, J. 2015. Emerging concepts on the use of antiretroviral therapy in older adults living with HIV infection. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 28(1), pp. 17--22. (10.1097/qco.0000000000000117)

2014

• Underwood, J. 2014. Bone, joint, and soft tissue infections. In: Brent, A., Davidson, R. and Seale, A. eds. Oxford Handbook of Tropical Medicine. Oxford University Press, pp. 638--655., (10.1093/med/9780199692569.003.0015)

2013

• Underwood, J. 2013. Don't forget the embalming fluid for treating recurrent infections... BMJ 346, pp. -., article number: f3933. (10.1136/bmj.f3933)

2011

• Underwood, J., Klein, J. and Newsholme, W. 2011. Escherichia coli bacteraemia: How preventable is it?. Journal of Hospital Infection 79(4), pp. 364-365. (10.1016/j.jhin.2011.07.005)

2006

• Cowie, M., Komajda, M., Murray-Thomas, T., Underwood, J. and Ticho, B. 2006. Prevalence and impact of worsening renal function in patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure: Results of the prospective outcomes study in heart failure (POSH). European Heart Journal 27(10), pp. 1216-1222. (10.1093/eurheartj/ehi859)