Dr Jonathan Underwood

2026

• Barry, T. D. et al. 2026. National TB cohort review evaluation: insights for control strategies in low-incidence settings. IJTLD Open 3 (6), pp.396-402. (10.5588/ijtldopen.26.0678)
• Underwood, J. et al. 2026. Risk of dementia after bloodstream infection - a nationwide propensity score matched cohort study. Age and Ageing 55 (6) afag178. (10.1093/ageing/afag178)
• Horby, P. W. et al., 2026. Sotrovimab versus usual care in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 26 (1), pp.34-45. (10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00361-5)
• Periche Tomas, E. et al. 2026. Developing interferon-β as a safe in vivo experimental-medicine model of human inflammation. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 131 106173. (10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106173)

2025

• Davies, K. et al. 2025. NKG2A-mediated immune modulation of natural killer cells by Staphylococcus aureus. The Journal of Immunology 214 (12), pp.3332-3344. (10.1093/jimmun/vkaf174)
• Breuer, J. et al., 2025. Monitoring the emergence of resistance with sotrovimab in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19: LUNAR study. Journal of Infection 91 (1) 106510. (10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106510)
• Underwood, J. et al. 2025. Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke following bloodstream infection: a population-based self-controlled case series. Open Heart 12 (1) e003241. (10.1136/openhrt-2025-003241)
• Wood, G. K. et al., 2025. Posthospitalisation COVID-19 cognitive deficits at one year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and grey matter volume reduction. Nature Medicine 31 , pp.245-257. (10.1038/s41591-024-03309-8)

2024

• Nasse, S. , Underwood, J. and Hughes, T. A. 2024. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA escape syndrome. Practical Neurology 24 , pp.507-510. (10.1136/pn-2024-004117)
• Barry, T. D. et al. 2024. The role of nurses in national TB control programs: qualitative insights from TB cohort review in Wales. Medical Research Archives 12 (12)(10.18103/mra.v12i12.6063)
• Underwood, J. and Carter, B. L. 2024. Sex disparities in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia mortality. JAMA Network Open 7 (10) e2441502. (10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.41502)
• Alagaratnam, J. et al., 2024. Impact of interrupting antiretroviral therapy started during primary HIV-1 infection on plasma neurofilament light chain protein, a marker of neuronal injury: The SPARTAC trial. Journal of Virus Eradication 10 (2) 100381. (10.1016/j.jve.2024.100381)
• Underwood, J. et al. 2024. All-cause and infection-attributable mortality amongst adults with bloodstream infection—a population-based study. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 11 (5) ofae126. (10.1093/ofid/ofae126)
• Alagaratnam, J. et al., 2024. Differences in neuroinflammation in people who started antiretroviral treatment during primary versus chronic HIV infection: an 18kDa Translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) study. Journal of NeuroVirology 30 , pp.165-175. (10.1007/s13365-024-01200-3)
• Nightingale, S. et al., 2024. Reply to ‘Cognitive criteria in HIV: greater consensus is needed’. Nature Reviews Neurology 20 (2), pp.129-130. (10.1038/s41582-024-00928-0)
• Nye, C. et al., 2024. Enterococcus faecalis bacteraemia and infective endocarditis - what are we missing?. Clinical Infection in Practice 21 100336. (10.1016/j.clinpr.2023.100336)
• Snell, L. B. et al., 2024. A multinational case series describing successful treatment of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by Omicron sublineages with prolonged courses of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 11 (1) ofad612. (10.1093/ofid/ofad612)
• Barry, S. M. et al., 2024. COVID-19 managed on respiratory wards and intensive care units: Results from the national COVID-19 outcome report in Wales from March 2020 to December 2021. PLoS ONE 19 (1) e0294895. (10.1371/journal.pone.0294895)

2023

• Hall, F. C. et al., 2023. Efficacy and safety of baricitinib or ravulizumab in adult patients with severe COVID-19 (TACTIC-R): a randomised, parallel-arm, open-label, phase 4 trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 11 (12), pp.1064-1074. (10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00376-4)
• Hall, F. et al., 2023. Randomised trial to evaluate the efficacy of inhibition of either JAK1/2 or complement activation in severe COVID-19. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
• Nightingale, S. et al., 2023. Cognitive impairment in people living with HIV: consensus recommendations for a new approach. Nature Reviews Neurology 19 (7), pp.424-433. (10.1038/s41582-023-00813-2)
• Evans, A. et al., 2023. Real-world effectiveness of molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, and sotrovimab on preventing hospital admission among higher-risk patients with COVID-19 in Wales: a retrospective cohort study. Journal of Infection 86 (4), pp.352-360. (10.1016/j.jinf.2023.02.012)
• Ambati, S. et al. 2023. Resolution of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection with prolonged intravenous remdesivir and vaccination in a patient post CAR-T. International Journal of Hematology (10.1007/s12185-022-03518-2)

2022

• Keir, H. R. et al., 2022. Dipeptidyl peptidase-1 inhibition in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 10 (12), pp.1119-1128. (10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00261-2)
• Nightingale, S. et al., 2022. Cognitive impairment in people with HIV: consensus recommendations for a new approach. The Lancet HIV 9 , pp.e815-e817. (10.1016/S2352-3018(22)00267-3)
• Carter, B. L. and Underwood, J. 2022. Sepsis and the brain: a review for acute and general physicians. Clinical Medicine 22 (5), pp.392-395. (10.7861/clinmed.2022-0346)
• Cooksey, R. et al. 2022. Shielding reduced incidence of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory arthritis but vulnerability is associated with increased mortality. Rheumatology 61 (SI2), pp.SI120-SI128. keac283. (10.1093/rheumatology/keac283)
• Ponsford, M. J. et al. 2022. Examining the utility of extended laboratory panel testing in the emergency department for risk stratification of patients with COVID-19: a single-centre retrospective service evaluation. Journal of Clinical Pathology 75 (4), pp.255-262. (10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207157)
• Alagaratnam, J. et al., 2022. Correlation between cerebrospinal fluid and plasma neurofilament light protein in treated HIV infection: results from the COBRA study. Journal of Neurovirology (JNV) 28 , pp.54-63. (10.1007/s13365-021-01026-3)
• Brown, L. K. et al., 2022. Treatment of chronic or relapsing COVID-19 in immunodeficiency. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 149 (2), pp.557-561. (10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.031)
• Wood, C. H. et al. 2022. Patient characteristics and variables influencing acute medical flow. Acute Medicine Journal 21 (4), pp.165-208. (10.52964/AMJA.0920)

2021

• De Francesco, D. et al., 2021. Correlation between computerised and standard cognitive testing in people with HIV and HIV-negative individuals. AIDS Care: Psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV 33 (10), pp.1296-1307. (10.1080/09540121.2020.1865518)
• Bousfield, R. et al., 2021. A retrospective cohort study of bacterial native vertebral osteomyelitis and its management in the UK. Clinical Infection in Practice 12 100101. (10.1016/j.clinpr.2021.100101)
• Hinks, T. S. C. et al., 2021. Azithromycin versus standard care in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 (ATOMIC2): an open-label, randomised trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 9 (10), pp.1130-1140. (10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00263-0)
• Alagaratnam, J. et al., 2021. No evidence of neuronal damage as measured by neurofilament light chain in a HIV cure study utilising a kick-and-kill approach. Journal of Virus Eradication 7 (3) 100056. (10.1016/j.jve.2021.100056)
• Calcagno, A. et al., 2021. Associations between plasma nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors concentrations and cognitive function in people with HIV. PLoS ONE 16 (7) e0253861. (10.1371/journal.pone.0253861)
• Alagaratnam, J. et al., 2021. Correlation between CSF and blood neurofilament light chain protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Neurology 3 e000143. (10.1136/bmjno-2021-000143)

2020

• Horby, P. et al., 2020. Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine 383 (21), pp.2030-2040. (10.1056/NEJMoa2022926)
• Toniolo, S. et al., 2020. Changes in functional connectivity in people with HIV switching antiretroviral therapy.. Journal of Neurovirology (JNV) 26 , pp.754-763. (10.1007/s13365-020-00853-0)
• Gupta, S. et al. 2020. Persistent viral shedding of SARS‐CoV‐2 in faeces – a rapid review. Colorectal Disease 22 (6), pp.611-620. (10.1111/codi.15138)

2019

• Underwood, J. et al. 2019. Validation of a novel multivariate method of defining HIV-associated cognitive impairment. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6 (6), pp.ofz198. ofz19. (10.1093/ofid/ofz198)
• Haddow, L. J. et al., 2019. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral small vessel disease in men living with HIV and HIV-negative men aged 50 and above. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 35 (5), pp.453-460. (10.1089/aid.2018.0249)
• Dhillon, S. et al., 2019. Level of agreement between frequently used cardiovascular risk calculators in people living with HIV. HIV Medicine 20 (5), pp.347-352. (10.1111/hiv.12731)
• De Francesco, D. et al., 2019. Depression, lifestyle factors and cognitive function in people living with HIV and comparable HIV-negative controls. HIV Medicine 20 (4), pp.274-285. (10.1111/hiv.12714)
• De Francesco, D. et al., 2019. Cognitive function, depressive symptoms and syphilis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. International Journal of STD and AIDS 30 (5), pp.440-446. (10.1177/0956462418817612)
• Underwood, J. et al. 2019. Antiretroviral central nervous system toxicity [Abstract]. HIV Medicine 20 (55), pp.36. P51. (10.1111/hiv.12739)
• Underwood, J. et al. 2019. Intravenous catheter-related adverse events exceed drug-related adverse events in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74 (3), pp.787-790. (10.1093/jac/dky474)
• De Francesco, D. et al., 2019. Do people living with HIV experience greater age advancement than their HIV-negative counterparts?. AIDS 33 (2), pp.259-268. (10.1097/QAD.0000000000002063)

2018

• Underwood, J. et al. 2018. Multivariate pattern analysis of volumetric neuroimaging data and its relationship with cognitive function in treated HIV disease. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 78 (4), pp.429-436. (10.1097/QAI.0000000000001687)
• Cole, J. et al., 2018. No evidence for accelerated ageing-related brain pathology in treated HIV: longitudinal neuroimaging results from the Comorbidity in Relation to AIDS (COBRA) project.. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 66 (12), pp.1899–1909. (10.1093/cid/cix1124)
• Underwood, J. et al. 2018. Medicalising normality? Using a simulated dataset to assess the performance of different diagnostic criteria of HIV-associated cognitive impairment. PLoS ONE 13 (4) e0194760. (10.1371/journal.pone.0194760)
• Ferretti, F. et al., 2018. Cognitive impairment in a clinical setting.. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 77 (1), pp.e10 - e13. (10.1097/qai.0000000000001547)
• van Zoest, R. et al., 2018. Structural brain abnormalities in successfully treated HIV infection: Associations with disease and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Journal of Infectious Diseases 217 (1), pp.69 - 81. (10.1093/infdis/jix553)

2017

• Underwood, J. et al. 2017. Gray and white matter abnormalities in treated human immunodeficiency virus disease and their relationship to cognitive function.. Clinical Infectious Diseases 65 (3), pp.422-432. (10.1093/cid/cix301)
• Booiman, T. et al., 2017. High cellular monocyte activation in people living with human immunodeficiency virus on combination antiretroviral therapy and lifestyle-matched controls is associated with greater inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4 (3), pp.-. ofx108. (10.1093/ofid/ofx108)
• Underwood, J. et al. 2017. Associations between cognitive impairment and patient-reported measures of physical/mental functioning in older people living with HIV. HIV Medicine 18 (5), pp.363-369. (10.1111/hiv.12434)
• Cole, J. et al., 2017. Increased brain-predicted aging in treated HIV disease. Neurology 88 (14), pp.1349-1357. (10.1212/WNL.0000000000003790)

2016

• Underwood, J. and Winston, A. 2016. Guidelines for evaluation and management of cognitive disorders in HIV-positive individuals. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 13 (5), pp.235--240. (10.1007/s11904-016-0324-x)
• Mora-Peris, B. et al., 2016. Evolution of changes in cognitive function after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Research and Therapy 13 (1) 20. (10.1186/s12981-016-0104-0)
• Scott, J. et al., 2016. A comparison of two post-processing analysis methods to quantify cerebral metabolites measured via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in HIV disease. The British Journal of Radiology 89 (1060) 20150979. (10.1259/bjr.20150979)
• Winston, A. and Underwood, J. 2016. Plasma biomarkers of HIV-associated cognitive disease. EBioMedicine 3 , pp.12--13. (10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.052)
• Francesco, D. D. et al., 2016. Defining cognitive impairment in people-living-with-HIV: the POPPY study. BMC Infectious Diseases 16 (1) 617. (10.1186/s12879-016-1970-8)

2015

• Underwood, J. 2015. Cognitive deficits persist in the combination antiretroviral era: Preliminary results from the Co-morBidity in Relation to AIDS (COBRA) collaboration London cohort. Experimental Gerontology 68 , pp.104. (10.1016/j.exger.2015.01.038)
• Underwood, J. , Robertson, K. R. and Winston, A. 2015. Could antiretroviral neurotoxicity play a role in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in treated HIV disease?. AIDS 29 (3), pp.253-261. (10.1097/QAD.0000000000000538)
• Winston, A. and Underwood, J. 2015. Emerging concepts on the use of antiretroviral therapy in older adults living with HIV infection. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 28 (1), pp.17--22. (10.1097/qco.0000000000000117)

2014

• Underwood, J. 2014. Bone, joint, and soft tissue infections. In: Brent, A. , Davidson, R. and Seale, A. eds. Oxford Handbook of Tropical Medicine. Oxford University Press. , pp.638--655. (10.1093/med/9780199692569.003.0015)

2013

• Underwood, J. 2013. Don't forget the embalming fluid for treating recurrent infections.... BMJ 346 , pp.-. f3933. (10.1136/bmj.f3933)

2011

• Underwood, J. , Klein, J. and Newsholme, W. 2011. Escherichia coli bacteraemia: How preventable is it?. Journal of Hospital Infection 79 (4), pp.364-365. (10.1016/j.jhin.2011.07.005)

2006

• Cowie, M. et al., 2006. Prevalence and impact of worsening renal function in patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure: Results of the prospective outcomes study in heart failure (POSH). European Heart Journal 27 (10), pp.1216-1222. (10.1093/eurheartj/ehi859)