![Eleni Ampatzi BSc & MArch equivalent, MSc, PhD](https://profiles-cardiff.imgix.net/attachments/5?w=200&h=200&auto=format&crop=faces&fit=crop&q=90")
Dr Eleni Ampatzi
BSc & MArch equivalent, MSc, PhD
Uwch Ddarlithydd, Cyfarwyddwr Dysgu ac Addysgu Ôl-raddedig
- Ar gael fel goruchwyliwr ôl-raddedig
Trosolwyg
Responsibilities
I am a Senior Lecturer with background in Architecture and Architectural Science. I teach primarily on the postgraduate programmes that the school offers, in subjects relevant to environmental design. My research concerns the interaction of buildings and system services by focusing on demand-side determinants of ideal system performance. I am currently available for postgraduate research supervision in subjects related to my research expertise (see other tabs for further information). Any interested candidates are welcome to contact me directly prior to applying.
I am currently working part-time and have limited organisational responsibilities due to time constraints, but in the past I have been Course Leader for the MSc in Environmental Design of Buildings (and MSc in Environmental Design of Buildings by distance learning), Deputy Research Director and Chair of the Staff meetings.
Cyhoeddiad
2024
- Sayam, M., Ampatzi, E. and Bleil De Souza, C. 2024. Expatriate behaviour in hot arid countries: Understanding conditioned environments to assess resiliance. Presented at: 37th Passive and Low Energy Architecture (PLEA) Conference, Warsaw, 25 - 28 June 2024.
2023
- Berger, C. et al. 2023. The role of user controls with respect to indoor environmental quality: From evidence to standards. Journal of Building Engineering 76, article number: 107196. (10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107196)
- Berger, C. et al. 2023. Thermal conditions in indoor environments: exploring the reasoning behind standard-based recommendations. Energies 16(4), article number: 1587. (10.3390/en16041587)
2022
- Haggar, P., Ampatzi, E., Potoglou, D. and Schweiker, M. 2022. Information sharing preferences within buildings: Benefits of cognitive interviewing for enhancing a discrete choice experiment. Energy and Buildings 258, article number: 111786. (10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111786)
- Chatzivasileiadi, A., Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. 2022. Electrical energy storage sizing and space requirements for sub-daily autonomy in residential buildings. Energies 15(3), article number: 1145. (10.3390/en15031145)
- Rababa, B. and Ampatzi, E. 2022. Occupant behaviours and environmental preferences in Home-Office environments versus conventional office environments; reflections from the pandemic.. Presented at: CATE 2022, Edinburgh, 5-6 September 2022 Presented at Roaf, S. and Finlayson, W. eds.Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Comfort at the Extremes: Covid, Climate Change and Ventilation. Ecohouse Initative Ltd. pp. 602-626.
2021
- Mahdavi, A. et al. 2021. The role of occupants in buildings’ energy performance gap: myth or reality?. Sustainability 13(6), article number: 3146. (10.3390/su13063146)
2020
- Schweiker, M. et al. 2020. Review of multi‐domain approaches to indoor environmental perception and behaviour. Building and Environment 176, article number: 106804. (10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106804)
- Schweiker, M. et al. 2020. Evaluating assumptions of scales for subjective assessment of thermal environments – do laypersons perceive them the way, we researchers believe?. Energy and Buildings 211, article number: 109761. (10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109761)
- Ampatzi, E., Teli, D. and Schweiker, M. 2020. On the linguistic challenges of cross-national research in thermal comfort: The effects of language choices in Greek and Swedish thermal perception questionnaires used in two large-scale surveys conducted two decades apart. Presented at: 11th Windsor Conference on Thermal Comfort, Windsor, England, 16-19 April 2020.
2019
- Chatzivasileiadi, A., Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. P. 2019. The impact of battery storage technologies in residential buildings with sub-daily autonomy and EV contribution. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1343, article number: 12088. (10.1088/1742-6596/1343/1/012088)
- Schweiker, M. et al. 2019. Contextual differences in the perception of thermal comfort scales – the data base from a large-scale international questionnaire study. [Digital]. Available at: https://osf.io/9p2gq/
- Schweiker, M. et al. 2019. The Scales Project: a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales. Scientific Data 6, article number: 289. (10.1038/s41597-019-0272-6)
2018
- Chatzivasileiadi, A., Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. 2018. The choice and architectural requirements of battery storage technologies in residential buildings. Presented at: Second International Conference for Sustainable Design of the Built Environment: Research in Practice (SDBE 2018), London, UK, 12-13 September 2018.
2017
- Chatzivasileiadi, A., Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. 2017. The implications of demand response measures and electrification of transport on UK household energy demand and consumption. Presented at: 9th International Conference on Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, Chania, Greece, 5-7 July 2017, Vol. 134. pp. 89-98., (10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.530)
- Kotbi, A., Ampatzi, E. and Jenkins, H. 2017. Using solar screens in school classrooms in hot arid areas: The effect of different aspect ratios on daylighting levels. Presented at: 33rd PLEA International conference: Design to Thrive, Edinburgh, Scotland UK, 3-5 July 2017 Presented at Brotas, L., Roaf, S. and Nicol, F. eds.PLEA 2017 Proceedings - Design to Thrive, Vol. II. Passive and Low Energy Architecture Conference Edinburgh: Network for Comfort and Energy Use in Buildings pp. 3253-3260.
- Kefalloniti, I. and Ampatzi, E. 2017. Building integration of domestic solar combi-systems: The importance of managing the distribution pipework. Energy and Buildings 142, pp. 179-190. (10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.006)
2016
- Kotbi, A. and Ampatzi, E. 2016. Using solar screens in school classrooms in hot arid areas: the effect of different perforation on daylighting levels. Presented at: PLEA2016: 32nd International conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Los Angeles, CA, 11-13 July 2016 Presented at La Roche, P. and Schiler, M. eds.PLEA2016 - 32nd International conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture - Cities, Buildings, People: Towards Regenerative Environments, Vol. 2. Los Angeles, CA: PLEA pp. 691-698.
- Mavrigiannaki, A. and Ampatzi, E. 2016. Latent heat storage in building elements: a systematic review on properties and contextual performance factors. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 60, pp. 852-866. (10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.115)
2013
- Chatzivasileiadi, A., Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. P. 2013. Characteristics of electrical energy storage technologies and their applications in buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 25, pp. 814-830. (10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.023)
- Ampatzi, E., Knight, I. P. and Wiltshire, R. 2013. The potential contribution of solar thermal collection and storage systems to meeting the energy requirements of North European Housing. Solar Energy 91, pp. 402-421. (10.1016/j.solener.2012.09.008)
- Ampatzi, E., Fedeski, M. H. and Gwilliam, J. A. 2013. I know that I know nothing; the need for scepticism in environmental design education. Presented at: Architectural Education and the Reality of the Ideal: Environmental Design for Innovation in the Post-Crisis World, Naples, Italy, 3-5 October 2013.
2012
- Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. P. 2012. Modelling the effect of realistic domestic energy demand profiles and internal gains on the predicted performance of solar thermal systems. Energy and Buildings 55, pp. 285-298. (10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.08.031)
- Georgakaki, A., Ampatzi, E. and Eames, M. 2012. Towards a Low Carbon Wales: modelling a 'not-quite-devolved' energy system. Presented at: CESUN 2012, Third International Engineering Systems Symposium Design and Governance in Engineering Systems, Delft, 18-20 June 2012.
2010
- Ampatzi, E. 2010. The potential for solar thermal technologies and thermal energy storage to reduce the energy use from Welsh housing. PhD Thesis, Cardiff University.
2008
- Knight, I. P., Rhodes, M., Agyenim, F. B. and Ampatzi, E. 2008. The potential for solar thermal heating and cooling systems to reduce the carbon emissions of domestic properties in a northern European country. Presented at: Eurosun 2008: 1st International Conference on Solar Heating, Cooling and Buildings, Lisbon, Portugal, 7-10 October 2008.
- Ampatzi, E., Knight, I. P. and Rhodes, M. 2008. Effect of internal gains on thermal comfort in Welsh dwellings. Presented at: PLEA 2008. 25th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture,, Dublin, Ireland, 22-24 October 2008.
- Ampatzi, E., Knight, I. P. and Rhodes, M. 2008. The role of thermal energy storage in helping solar thermal reduce the heating and cooling demands of the housing stock in a northern European country. Presented at: Eurosun 2008. 1st International Conference on Solar Heating, Cooling and Buildings., Lisbon, Portugal, 7-10 October 2008.
2007
- Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. 2007. The potential application of residential solar thermal cooling in the UK and the role of thermal energy storage technologies. Presented at: Building Low Energy Cooling and Ventilation Technologies in the 21st Century. 2nd PALENC Conference and 28th AIVC Conference, Crete island, Greece, 27 - 29 September 2007.
2005
- Ampatzi, E. and Aggelos, A. 2005. 9th fire station of Attica: an M.Arch thesis.. Archittektonika Themata (Αρχιτεκτονικά θέματα) 39, pp. 70-71.
Cynadleddau
- Sayam, M., Ampatzi, E. and Bleil De Souza, C. 2024. Expatriate behaviour in hot arid countries: Understanding conditioned environments to assess resiliance. Presented at: 37th Passive and Low Energy Architecture (PLEA) Conference, Warsaw, 25 - 28 June 2024.
- Rababa, B. and Ampatzi, E. 2022. Occupant behaviours and environmental preferences in Home-Office environments versus conventional office environments; reflections from the pandemic.. Presented at: CATE 2022, Edinburgh, 5-6 September 2022 Presented at Roaf, S. and Finlayson, W. eds.Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Comfort at the Extremes: Covid, Climate Change and Ventilation. Ecohouse Initative Ltd. pp. 602-626.
- Ampatzi, E., Teli, D. and Schweiker, M. 2020. On the linguistic challenges of cross-national research in thermal comfort: The effects of language choices in Greek and Swedish thermal perception questionnaires used in two large-scale surveys conducted two decades apart. Presented at: 11th Windsor Conference on Thermal Comfort, Windsor, England, 16-19 April 2020.
- Chatzivasileiadi, A., Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. 2018. The choice and architectural requirements of battery storage technologies in residential buildings. Presented at: Second International Conference for Sustainable Design of the Built Environment: Research in Practice (SDBE 2018), London, UK, 12-13 September 2018.
- Chatzivasileiadi, A., Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. 2017. The implications of demand response measures and electrification of transport on UK household energy demand and consumption. Presented at: 9th International Conference on Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, Chania, Greece, 5-7 July 2017, Vol. 134. pp. 89-98., (10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.530)
- Kotbi, A., Ampatzi, E. and Jenkins, H. 2017. Using solar screens in school classrooms in hot arid areas: The effect of different aspect ratios on daylighting levels. Presented at: 33rd PLEA International conference: Design to Thrive, Edinburgh, Scotland UK, 3-5 July 2017 Presented at Brotas, L., Roaf, S. and Nicol, F. eds.PLEA 2017 Proceedings - Design to Thrive, Vol. II. Passive and Low Energy Architecture Conference Edinburgh: Network for Comfort and Energy Use in Buildings pp. 3253-3260.
- Kotbi, A. and Ampatzi, E. 2016. Using solar screens in school classrooms in hot arid areas: the effect of different perforation on daylighting levels. Presented at: PLEA2016: 32nd International conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Los Angeles, CA, 11-13 July 2016 Presented at La Roche, P. and Schiler, M. eds.PLEA2016 - 32nd International conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture - Cities, Buildings, People: Towards Regenerative Environments, Vol. 2. Los Angeles, CA: PLEA pp. 691-698.
- Ampatzi, E., Fedeski, M. H. and Gwilliam, J. A. 2013. I know that I know nothing; the need for scepticism in environmental design education. Presented at: Architectural Education and the Reality of the Ideal: Environmental Design for Innovation in the Post-Crisis World, Naples, Italy, 3-5 October 2013.
- Georgakaki, A., Ampatzi, E. and Eames, M. 2012. Towards a Low Carbon Wales: modelling a 'not-quite-devolved' energy system. Presented at: CESUN 2012, Third International Engineering Systems Symposium Design and Governance in Engineering Systems, Delft, 18-20 June 2012.
- Knight, I. P., Rhodes, M., Agyenim, F. B. and Ampatzi, E. 2008. The potential for solar thermal heating and cooling systems to reduce the carbon emissions of domestic properties in a northern European country. Presented at: Eurosun 2008: 1st International Conference on Solar Heating, Cooling and Buildings, Lisbon, Portugal, 7-10 October 2008.
- Ampatzi, E., Knight, I. P. and Rhodes, M. 2008. Effect of internal gains on thermal comfort in Welsh dwellings. Presented at: PLEA 2008. 25th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture,, Dublin, Ireland, 22-24 October 2008.
- Ampatzi, E., Knight, I. P. and Rhodes, M. 2008. The role of thermal energy storage in helping solar thermal reduce the heating and cooling demands of the housing stock in a northern European country. Presented at: Eurosun 2008. 1st International Conference on Solar Heating, Cooling and Buildings., Lisbon, Portugal, 7-10 October 2008.
- Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. 2007. The potential application of residential solar thermal cooling in the UK and the role of thermal energy storage technologies. Presented at: Building Low Energy Cooling and Ventilation Technologies in the 21st Century. 2nd PALENC Conference and 28th AIVC Conference, Crete island, Greece, 27 - 29 September 2007.
Erthyglau
- Berger, C. et al. 2023. The role of user controls with respect to indoor environmental quality: From evidence to standards. Journal of Building Engineering 76, article number: 107196. (10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107196)
- Berger, C. et al. 2023. Thermal conditions in indoor environments: exploring the reasoning behind standard-based recommendations. Energies 16(4), article number: 1587. (10.3390/en16041587)
- Haggar, P., Ampatzi, E., Potoglou, D. and Schweiker, M. 2022. Information sharing preferences within buildings: Benefits of cognitive interviewing for enhancing a discrete choice experiment. Energy and Buildings 258, article number: 111786. (10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111786)
- Chatzivasileiadi, A., Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. 2022. Electrical energy storage sizing and space requirements for sub-daily autonomy in residential buildings. Energies 15(3), article number: 1145. (10.3390/en15031145)
- Mahdavi, A. et al. 2021. The role of occupants in buildings’ energy performance gap: myth or reality?. Sustainability 13(6), article number: 3146. (10.3390/su13063146)
- Schweiker, M. et al. 2020. Review of multi‐domain approaches to indoor environmental perception and behaviour. Building and Environment 176, article number: 106804. (10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106804)
- Schweiker, M. et al. 2020. Evaluating assumptions of scales for subjective assessment of thermal environments – do laypersons perceive them the way, we researchers believe?. Energy and Buildings 211, article number: 109761. (10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109761)
- Chatzivasileiadi, A., Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. P. 2019. The impact of battery storage technologies in residential buildings with sub-daily autonomy and EV contribution. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1343, article number: 12088. (10.1088/1742-6596/1343/1/012088)
- Schweiker, M. et al. 2019. The Scales Project: a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales. Scientific Data 6, article number: 289. (10.1038/s41597-019-0272-6)
- Kefalloniti, I. and Ampatzi, E. 2017. Building integration of domestic solar combi-systems: The importance of managing the distribution pipework. Energy and Buildings 142, pp. 179-190. (10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.006)
- Mavrigiannaki, A. and Ampatzi, E. 2016. Latent heat storage in building elements: a systematic review on properties and contextual performance factors. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 60, pp. 852-866. (10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.115)
- Chatzivasileiadi, A., Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. P. 2013. Characteristics of electrical energy storage technologies and their applications in buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 25, pp. 814-830. (10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.023)
- Ampatzi, E., Knight, I. P. and Wiltshire, R. 2013. The potential contribution of solar thermal collection and storage systems to meeting the energy requirements of North European Housing. Solar Energy 91, pp. 402-421. (10.1016/j.solener.2012.09.008)
- Ampatzi, E. and Knight, I. P. 2012. Modelling the effect of realistic domestic energy demand profiles and internal gains on the predicted performance of solar thermal systems. Energy and Buildings 55, pp. 285-298. (10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.08.031)
- Ampatzi, E. and Aggelos, A. 2005. 9th fire station of Attica: an M.Arch thesis.. Archittektonika Themata (Αρχιτεκτονικά θέματα) 39, pp. 70-71.
Gosodiad
- Ampatzi, E. 2010. The potential for solar thermal technologies and thermal energy storage to reduce the energy use from Welsh housing. PhD Thesis, Cardiff University.
Setiau data
- Schweiker, M. et al. 2019. Contextual differences in the perception of thermal comfort scales – the data base from a large-scale international questionnaire study. [Digital]. Available at: https://osf.io/9p2gq/
Ymchwil
Mae fy ymchwil yn ymwneud â'r galw am wasanaethau, mewn dyluniadau amgylcheddol, sy'n canolbwyntio ar bobl. Mae fy ngwaith ymchwil yn y gorffennol wedi edrych ar fanylion proffiliau galw a'r defnydd o storio ynni thermol ar gyfer rheoli bylchau rhwng galw a chyflenwad ynni. Yn unol â gwaith arall yn y maes ehangach hwn, mae fy ngwaith wedi dangos dylanwad gofynion dylunio ar y defnydd ynni a ragwelir a'r potensial ar gyfer ynni adnewyddadwy.
Ar hyn o bryd rwy'n cyfrannu at y gwaith a wnaed yn rhyngwladol wrth ailedrych ar rai o'r damcaniaethau sylfaenol sy'n sail i'n gwybodaeth gyfredol o ansawdd amgylcheddol dan do ac anghenion defnyddwyr yr adeilad. Yn fwy penodol, nod fy ngwaith nawr yw cynhyrchu tystiolaeth a all daflu mwy o oleuni ar sut y gall cyfathrebu geiriol o'r profiad thermol, fel y mae'r rhain a gasglwyd gan arolygon holiaduron, gael eu dylanwadu gan ffactorau cyd-destunol neu ddewisiadau iaith. At hynny, mae gen i ddiddordeb hefyd yn y defnydd o dechnegau 'gwrthrychol' cyflenwol ar gyfer mesur y profiad thermol dynol, fel y rhai sy'n ymwneud â chasglu a dadansoddi data ffisiolegol (tymheredd croen a chyfradd y galon fel arfer). Nod y dull cyfannol hwn o werthuso profiad thermol y defnyddiwr yw goresgyn rhagfarn gyfathrebu wrth werthuso amgylcheddau thermol ac wrth sefydlu gofynion cywir ar gyfer dylunio. Mae llunio amcanion clir a pherthnasol ar gyfer dylunio amgylcheddau dros dro go iawn yn hanfodol ar gyfer ein brwydr tuag at newid yn yr hinsawdd.
Addysgu
Ar hyn o bryd rwy'n dysgu ar y cwrs Meistr Gwyddoniaeth Bensaernïol. Fi yw arweinydd modiwl Ymarfer Dylunio Amgylcheddol ART 034, modiwl 40 credyd sy'n seiliedig ar brosiect sy'n adlewyrchu proses dylunio adeiladu bywyd go iawn o ddadansoddi safle, i ddylunio goddefol a defnyddio gwasanaethau system effeithlon. Rwyf hefyd yn cyfrannu at y modiwl Cysur Hinsawdd ac Ynni (MSc), ac yn goruchwylio nifer o draethodau hir ôl-raddedig (MSc a MArch lefel), yn ogystal â chyfrannu at asesu modiwlau Technoleg Bensaernïol (BSc).
Cyfraniadau blaenorol i fodiwlau MSc: arweinydd modiwl Outside Inside; Cais Dylunio Amgylcheddol, Ynni Cysur Hinsawdd, Gwasanaethau Effeithlon.
Bywgraffiad
Yn ystod y blynyddoedd diwethaf mae Eleni wedi cymryd rhan mewn gwaith ymchwil sy'n rhan o Raglen Ynni mewn Adeiladu a Chymunedau yr Asiantaeth Ynni Rhyngwladol ac yn arbennig Atodiadau 69 a 79. Ar hyn o bryd mae'n cyfrannu at nifer o astudiaethau cydweithredol rhyngwladol sy'n deillio o Is-dasg 1 Atodiad IEA EBC 79 sy'n canolbwyntio ar "Aml-agwedd amlygiad amgylcheddol, rhyngwynebau adeiladu ac ymddygiad dynol" (mwy o fanylion mewn Ymchwil).
Mae gan Eleni PhD mewn Gwyddoniaeth Bensaernïol a Gradd Meistr mewn Dylunio Amgylcheddol Adeiladau. Mae hi'n gymwys fel pensaer ac wedi ymarfer pensaernïaeth yng Ngwlad Groeg. Ei phrif ddiddordebau ymchwil yw integreiddio gwasanaethau system carbon isel i adeiladau, gan ddefnyddio dulliau cyfannol sy'n anelu at synergeddau effeithlon rhwng y ddau.
Mae pwysigrwydd technolegau storio ynni thermol wrth alluogi'r defnydd o systemau thermol solar a dylanwad cysylltiedig patrymau meddiannaeth wedi bod yn ganolbwynt yn ei hymchwil, a ddechreuodd gyda thraethawd PhD a ariannwyd gan Ymddiriedolaeth BRE. Yn ystod ei PhD cymerodd ran yn PREHEAT, prosiect a ariennir gan Ewrop ar gyfer atgyfnerthu polisïau technolegau storio gwres. Mae ei hymchwil wedi archwilio'r anghenion ynni thermol a ragwelir a'r galluoedd posibl ar gyfer storio gwres, mewn tai nodweddiadol presennol nad ydynt wedi cael unrhyw waith adnewyddu. Mae hi wedi ymchwilio i amrywiadau ym mherfformiad systemau pŵer thermol solar yn y cyd-destun hwn, gan archwilio'n fanwl yr ochrau cyflenwi a galw. Mae hi hefyd wedi gweithio i thema drawsbynciol "Modelu Senarios ar gyfer Cymru Carbon Isel" y Sefydliad Ynni Carbon Isel. Roedd ei chyfraniad i'r prosiect yn cynnwys dadansoddi galw ynni wedi'i ddadgyfuno yn llwyr yr amgylchedd adeiledig yng Nghymru a'r asesiad ar raddfa ranbarthol o adnodd ynni solar Cymru.
Anrhydeddau a dyfarniadau
Gwobr Cyfraniadau Eithriadol Parhaus yn 2015
Aelodaethau proffesiynol
- Cymrawd Cyswllt yr Academi Addysg Uwch
- Aelod o Siambr Dechnegol Gwlad Groeg (TEE-TCG)
Pwyllgorau ac adolygu
Adolygydd cyfnodolion (Ynni Solar, Ynni ac Adeiladau, Dinasoedd Cynaliadwy a Chymdeithas, Journal of Housing a'r Amgylchedd Adeiledig ac eraill).
Adolygydd llyfrau ar gyfer RIBA (Sefydliad Brenhinol Penseiri Prydain)
Adolygiad grant ar gyfer Rhaglen Cara Syria: Cynllun Cymrodoriaeth Ymchwil Syria (SRFS)
Gorffennol: Bwrdd golygyddol ar gyfer cylchgrawn MADE wsa.
Meysydd goruchwyliaeth
- The effectiveness of language choices in thermal comfort research.
- Physiological data collection and analysis for the evaluation of indoor thermal environments.
- Inter-individual differences in thermal perception.
- Difficult-to-treat thermal environments and personal comfort systems.
- Generating evidence for the benefits of biophilic design.
