Yr Athro Robert Snowden
BSc York PhD Cantab
Athro
- Sylwebydd y cyfryngau
- Ar gael fel goruchwyliwr ôl-raddedig
Trosolwyg
My interests are in serious offending. I look at methods of understanding why this occurs at the cognitive and behavioural level (what are the thoughts and motivations behind these action) as well as the biological underpinnings of these behaviours.
My research mainly covers violence (including murder) and sexual violence (rape, child molestation, paedophilia, etc). I therefore have interests in concepts such as psychopaths, personality disorders and mental illness as it relates to offending and violence.
I run courses for professionals on risk assessment of violence in offenders and mentally disordered offenders.
I have an interest in human sexuality and sexual interests which include both normal interests (heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, etc) as well as deviant sexual interests (eg, paedophilia and other paraphilias).
I also conduct research of vision and visual perception and am the author of the textbook "Basic Vision" (OUP).
Cyhoeddiad
2024
- Gray, N. S., Price, M., Pink, J., O'Connor, C., Antunes, A. and Snowden, R. J. 2024. Measuring the pupillary light reflex using portable instruments in applied settings. Vision 8(4), article number: 60. (10.3390/vision8040060)
- Snowden, R. J., Kydd-Coutts, M., Varney, E., Rosselli, O. and Gray, N. S. 2024. Visual spatial attention to sexual stimuli. Current Psychology 43, pp. 27930-27943. (10.1007/s12144-024-06438-y)
- Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S. and Uzzell, K. S. 2024. Implicit sexual cognitions in women with ambiphilic sexual attractions: A comparison to androphilic and gynephilic women. Archives of Sexual Behavior 53, pp. 141-152. (10.1007/s10508-023-02727-y)
2023
- Gray, N. S., Davies, H., Brad, R. and Snowden, R. J. 2023. Reducing sickness absence and stigma due to mental health difficulties: a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a low intensity psychological intervention and stigma reduction programme for common mental disorder (Prevail). BMC Public Health 23(1), article number: 1324. (10.1186/s12889-023-16200-x)
- Snowden, R. J., Mitchell, E., Ojo, S. K., Preedy-Lunt, R. and Gray, N. S. 2023. Spatial attention to emotional images and psychopathic personality traits.. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 45, pp. 333-345. (10.1007/s10862-022-10012-w)
- Gray, N. S., Davies, H. and Snowden, R. J. 2023. Reducing stigma and increasing workplace productivity due to mental health difficulties in a large government organization in the UK: a protocol for a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a low intensity psychological intervention and stigma reduction programme for common mental disorder (Prevail). BMC Public Health 20, article number: 896. (10.1186/s12889-020-09054-0)
- Simkiss, N., Gray, N., Kemp, A., Dunne, C. and Snowden, R. 2023. A randomised controlled trial evaluating the Guide Cymru Mental Health Literacy intervention programme in Year 9 (age 13-14) school pupils in Wales. BMC Public Health 23, article number: 1062. (10.1186/s12889-023-15922-2)
- Pink, J., Snowden, R. J. and Gray, N. S. 2023. The implicit measurement of psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality 103, article number: 104339. (10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104339)
- Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S., Rollings, J. and Uzzell, K. S. 2023. Automatic attention to sexual images of men and women in androphilic, ambiphilic, and gynephilic women. Journal of Bisexuality 23(2), pp. 170-185. (10.1080/15299716.2023.2183923)
- Snowden, R. J., Tiley, O. and Gray, N. S. 2023. The Cardiff self‐injury inventory (English version): convergent validity and psychometric properties. Health Science Reports 6(1), article number: e1028. (10.1002/hsr2.1028)
- Knowles, J. R., Gray, N. S., John, A., O’Connor, C., Pink, J., Simkiss, N. J. and Snowden, R. J. 2023. Mental wellbeing and psychological distress in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison across time. Advances in Mental Health 21(1), pp. 30-42. (10.1080/18387357.2022.2039072)
2022
- Walters, T., Simkiss, N., Snowden, R. J. and Gray, N. S. 2022. Secondary school students’ perception of the online teaching experience during COVID-19: The impact on mental wellbeing and specific learning difficulties. British Journal of Educational Psychology 92(3), pp. 843-860., article number: e12475. (10.1111/bjep.12475)
- Snowden, R. J. et al. 2022. Explicit and implicit self-esteem and aggression: Differential effects of agency and communion. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37(11-12), pp. NP10036-NP10059. (10.1177/0886260520985490)
- Docksey, A. E., Gray, N. S., Davies, H. B., Simkiss, N. and Snowden, R. J. 2022. The stigma and self-stigma scales for attitudes to mental health problems: psychometric properties and its relationship to mental health problems and absenteeism. Health Psychology Research 10, article number: 2. (10.52965/001c.35630)
- Gray, N. S., McKinnon, A. and Snowden, R. J. 2022. A reduction in the pupil’s response to affective sounds in psychopathy and related personality traits. Physiological Reports 10(6), article number: e15235. (10.14814/phy2.15235)
- Pink, J. et al. 2022. Refining the relationship between psychopathy, aggression, and rule-breaking by gender: A comparison of the Triarchic and Septarchic models of psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences 185, article number: 111282. (10.1016/j.paid.2021.111282)
- Knowles, J. R., Gray, N. S., O’Connor, C., Pink, J., Simkiss, N. J. and Snowden, R. J. 2022. The role of hope and resilience in protecting against suicidal thoughts and behaviors during the Covid-19 pandemic. Archives of Suicide Research 26(3), pp. 1487-1504. (10.1080/13811118.2021.1923599)
- Snowden, R. J., Frongillo Juric, A., Leach, R., McKinnon, A. and Gray, N. S. 2022. Automatic processing of emotional images and psychopathic personality traits. Cognition and Emotion 36(5), pp. 821-835. (10.1080/02699931.2022.2054780)
2021
- Pink, J., Gray, N. S., O'Connor, C., Knowles, J. R., Simkiss, N. J. and Snowden, R. J. 2021. Psychological distress and resilience in first responders and health care workers during the COVID?19 pandemic. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 94(4), pp. 789-807. (10.1111/joop.12364)
- Amad, S., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2021. Self-esteem, narcissism, and aggression: different types of self-esteem predict different types of aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(23-24), pp. 13296-13313. (10.1177/0886260520905540)
- Simkiss, N. J., Gray, N. S., Dunne, C. and Snowden, R. J. 2021. Development and psychometric properties of the Knowledge and Attitudes to Mental Health Scales (KAMHS): a psychometric measure of Mental Health Literacy in children and adolescents. BMC Pediatrics 21, article number: 508. (10.1186/s12887-021-02964-x)
- Gray, N., Blumenthal, S., Schuker, R., Wood, H., Fonagy, P. and Snowden, R. 2021. The triarchic model of psychopathy and antisocial behavior: results from an offender population with personality disorder. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(17-18), pp. NP9130-NP9152. (10.1177/0886260519853404)
- Gray, N. S. et al. 2021. Explicit and implicit hopelessness and self-injury. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 51(3), pp. 606-615. (10.1111/sltb.12743)
- Gray, N. S., John, A., McKinnon, A., Raybould, S., Knowles, J. and Snowden, R. J. 2021. Structured professional judgment to assist the evaluation and safety planning of suicide risk: The Risk of Suicide Protocol (RoSP). Frontiers in Psychiatry 12, article number: 607120. (10.3389/fpsyt.2021.607120)
- Roy, S. et al. 2021. Triarchic or septarchic?—uncovering the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure’s (TriPM) structure. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment 12(1), pp. 1-15. (10.1037/per0000392)
- Roy, S. et al. 2021. The perils of untested assumptions in theory testing: a reply to Patrick et al. (2020). Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment 12(1), pp. 24-28. (10.1037/per0000461)
2020
- Olver, M. et al. 2020. Reliability and validity of the psychopathy checklist-revised in the assessment of risk for institutional violence: a cautionary note on DeMatteo et al. (2020). Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 26(4), pp. 490-510. (10.1037/law0000256)
- Hare, R. D. et al. 2020. The PCL-R and capital sentencing: a commentary on “Death is Different". Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 26(4), pp. 519-522. (10.1037/law0000290)
- Gray, N. S., O’Connor, C., Knowles, J., Pink, J., Simkiss, N. and Snowden, R. J. 2020. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental wellbeing and psychological distress: impact upon a single country. Frontiers in Psychiatry 11, article number: 594115. (10.3389/fpsyt.2020.594115)
- Burley, D. T., Deriu, V., Masin, R., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2020. Emotional modulation of the pupil in psychopathy: a test of the response modulation hypothesis. International Journal of Psychophysiology 155, pp. 168-174. (10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.008)
- Mckinnon, A. I., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2020. Enhanced emotional response to both negative and positive images in post-traumatic stress disorder: evidence from pupillometry. Biological Psychology 154, article number: 107922. (10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107922)
- Gray, N. S., Davies, H. and Snowden, R. J. 2020. Reducing stigma and increasing workplace productivity due to mental health difficulties in a large government organization in the UK: A protocol for a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a low intensity psychological intervention and stigma reduction programme for common mental disorder (Prevail). BMC Public Health 20, article number: 896. (10.1186/s12889-020-09054-0)
- Snowden, R. J., Fitton, E., McKinnon, A. and Gray, N. 2020. Sexual attraction to both genders in ambiphilic men: Evidence from implicit cognitions. Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, pp. 503-515. (10.1007/s10508-019-01552-6)
- Simkiss, N., Gray, N. S., Malone, G., Kemp, A. and Snowden, R. J. 2020. Improving mental health literacy in Year 9 high school children across Wales: A protocol for a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a mental health literacy programme across an entire country.. BMC Public Health 20, article number: 727. (10.1186/s12889-020-08736-z)
2019
- Snowden, R., Holt, J., Simkiss, N., Smith, A., Webb, D. and Gray, N. S. 2019. WARRN – a formulation-based risk assessment process: Its implementation and impact across a whole country. Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 14(6), pp. 399-410. (10.1108/JMHTEP-03-2019-0016)
- Gray, N. S., Tiller, J. L. and Snowden, R. J. 2019. WARRN - A formulation-based risk assessment procedure for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS): The view of clinicians. Journal of Forensic Practice 21(4), pp. 228-239. (10.1108/JFP-06-2019-0025)
- Burley, D., Gray, N. and Snowden, R. 2019. Emotion modulation of the pupil response in psychopathy. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 10(4), pp. 365-375. (10.1037/per0000313)
- Blumenthal, S. et al. 2019. Implicit measurement of violence-related cognitions. Psychology of Violence 9(2), pp. 235-243. (10.1037/vio0000194)
- Gray, N. S., Weidacker, K. and Snowden, R. J. 2019. Psychopathy and impulsivity: The relationship of psychopathy to different aspects of UPPS-P impulsivity. Psychiatry Research 272, pp. 474-482. (10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.155)
- Snowden, R., McKinnon, A., Fitoussi, J. and Gray, N. 2019. Pupillary responses to static images of men and women. A possible measure of sexual interest?. Journal of Sex Research 56(1), pp. 74-84. (10.1080/00224499.2017.1394959)
2017
- Weidacker, K., O'Farrell, K., Gray, N., Johnston, S. J. and Snowden, R. 2017. Psychopathy and impulsivity: The relationship of the triarchic model of psychopathy to different forms of impulsivity in offenders and community participants. Personality and Individual Differences 114, pp. 134-139.
- Canning, A., Andrew, E., Murphy, R., Walker, J. and Snowden, R. 2017. Gender differences in the relationship between self-esteem and aggression in young people leaving care. Violence and Gender 4(2), pp. 49-54. (10.1089/vio.2017.0002)
- Weidacker, K., Snowden, R. J., Boy, F. and Johnston, S. J. 2017. Response inhibition in the parametric Go/No-Go task in psychopathic offenders. Psychiatry Research 250, pp. 256-263. (10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.083)
- Burley, D. T., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2017. As far as the eye can see: Relationship between psychopathic traits and pupil response to affective stimuli. PLoS ONE 12(1), article number: e0167436. (10.1371/journal.pone.0167436)
- Snowden, R., Smith, C. and Gray, N. S. 2017. Risk taking and the triarchic model of psychopathy. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 39(10), pp. 988-1001. (10.1080/13803395.2017.1300236)
2016
- Snowden, R. J., O'Farrell, K. R., Burley, D., Erichsen, J. T., Newton, N. V. and Gray, N. S. 2016. The pupil's response to affective pictures: Role of image duration, habituation, and viewing mode. Psychophysiology 53(8), pp. 1217-1223. (10.1111/psyp.12668)
- Kanters, T. et al. 2016. Are child abusers sexually attracted to submissiveness? Assessment of sex-related cognition with the implicit association test. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 28(5), pp. 448-468. (10.1177/1079063214544330)
- Snowden, R. J., Curl, C., Jobbins, K., Lavington, C. and Gray, N. S. 2016. Automatic direction of spatial attention to male versus female stimuli: a comparison of heterosexual men and women. Archives of Sexual Behavior 45(4), pp. 843-853. (10.1007/s10508-015-0678-y)
- Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2016. Psychopathy in women: Prediction of criminality and violence in UK and USA psychiatric patients resident in the community. Psychiatry Research 237, pp. 339-343. (10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.014)
2015
- Gray, N. S., Raybould, S., McKinnon, A. and Snowden, R. J. 2015. The Aggression and Vulnerablility Scale (AVS) for the measurement of inpatient behaviors: A demonstration of reliability. Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 2(3), article number: 1045.
- Zwets, A. J., Hornsveld, R. H. J., Muris, P., Huijding, J., Kanters, T., Snowden, R. J. and van Marle, H. 2015. Implicit attitudes toward violence and their relation to psychopathy, aggression, and socially adaptive behaviors in forensic psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 26(5), pp. 632-651. (10.1080/14789949.2015.1037331)
2013
- Craig, R. L., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2013. Recalled parental bonding, current attachment, and the triarchic conceptualisation of psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences 55(4), pp. 345-350. (10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.012)
- Snowden, R. J. and Gray, N. S. 2013. Implicit sexual associations in heterosexual and homosexual women and men. Archives of Sexual Behavior 42(3), pp. 475-485. (10.1007/s10508-012-9920-z)
- Snowden, R. J., Craig, R. L. and Gray, N. S. 2013. Detection and recognition of emotional expressions: Effects of traits of personality disorder and gender. Personality and Individual Differences 54(2), pp. 158-163. (10.1016/j.paid.2012.08.007)
2012
- Tales, A. et al. 2012. Intra-individual reaction time variability in aMCI: A precursor to dementia?. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 32(2), pp. 457-466. (10.3233/JAD-2012-120505)
2011
- Tales, A., Snowden, R. J., Phillips, M., Haworth, J., Porter, G., Wilcock, G. and Bayer, A. J. 2011. Exogenous phasic alerting and spatial orienting in mild cognitive impairment compared to healthy ageing: study outcome is related to target response. Cortex 47(2), pp. 180-190. (10.1016/j.cortex.2009.09.007)
- Fitzgerald, S., Gray, N. S., Taylor, J. and Snowden, R. J. 2011. Risk factors for recidivism in offenders with intellectual disabilities. Psychology, Crime & Law 17(1), pp. 43-58. (10.1080/10683160903392293)
- Snowden, R. J., Craig, R. L. and Gray, N. S. 2011. Indirect behavioral measures of cognition among sexual offenders. Journal of Sex Research 48(2-3), pp. 192-217. (10.1080/00224499.2011.557750)
- Gray, N. S. et al. 2011. The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START): A prospective sudy of inpatient behavior. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 10(4), pp. 305-313. (10.1080/14999013.2011.631692)
- Tales, A., Bayer, A., Haworth, J., Snowden, R. J., Phillips, M. and Wilcock, G. 2011. Visual search in mild cognitive impairment: A longitudinal study. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 24(1), pp. 151-160. (10.3233/JAD-2010-101818)
- Gray, N. S., Taylor, J. and Snowden, R. J. 2011. Predicting violence using structured professional judgment in patients with different mental and behavioral disorders. Psychiatry Research 187(1-2), pp. 248-253. (10.1016/j.psychres.2010.10.011)
- Snowden, R. J. and Gray, N. S. 2011. Impulsivity and psychopathy: Associations between the Barrett Impulsivity Scale and the Psychopathy Checklist revised. Psychiatry Research 187(3), pp. 414-417. (10.1016/j.psychres.2011.02.003)
- Copestake, S., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2011. A comparison of a self-report measure of psychopathy with the psychopathy checklist-revised in a UK sample of offenders. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 22(2), pp. 169-182. (10.1080/14789949.2010.545134)
- Morgan, J. E., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2011. The relationship between psychopathy and impulsivity: A multi-impulsivity measurement approach. Personality and Individual Differences 51(4), pp. 429-434. (10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.043)
2010
- Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S. and Taylor, J. 2010. Risk Assessment for Future Violence in Individuals from an Ethnic Minority Group. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 9(2), pp. 118-123. (10.1080/14999013.2010.501845)
- Snowden, R. J. and Gray, N. S. 2010. Temperament and character as a function of psychopathy: relationships between the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised and the Temperament and Character Inventory in a sample of personality disordered serious or repeat offenders. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 21(6), pp. 815-833. (10.1080/14789949.2010.506617)
- Cvencek, D., Greenwald, A. G., Brown, A. S., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2010. Faking of the Implicit Association Test is statistically detectable and partly correctable. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 32(4), pp. 302-314. (10.1080/01973533.2010.519236)
- Snowden, R. J. and Gray, N. S. 2010. Implicit social cognition in forensic settings. In: Gawronski, B. and Payne, B. K. eds. Handbook of Implicit Social Cognition: Measurement, Theory, and Applications. New York: Guilford, pp. 522-534.
2009
- Freeman, T. C. A., Champion, R. A., Sumnall, J. H. and Snowden, R. J. 2009. Do we have direct access to retinal image motion during smooth pursuit eye movements?. Journal of Vision 9(1), article number: 33. (10.1167/9.1.33)
- Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S., Taylor, J. and Fitzgerald, S. 2009. Assessing Risk of Future Violence Among Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients With the Classification of Violence Risk (COVR). Psychiatric Services 60(11), pp. 1522-1526. (10.1176/appi.ps.60.11.1522)
- Brown, A., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2009. Implicit Measurement of Sexual Associations in Child Sex Abusers: Role of Victim Type and Denial. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 21(2), pp. 166-180. (10.1177/1079063209332234)
- Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2009. The implicit association test as a measure of sexual interest. In: Thornton, D. and Laws, D. R. eds. Cognitive Approaches to the Assessment of Sexual Interest in Sexual Offenders. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 101-124.
2008
- Andrew, E., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2008. The relationship between trauma and beliefs about hearing voices: a study of psychiatric and non-psychiatric voice hearers. Psychological Medicine 38(10), pp. 1409-1417. (10.1017/S003329170700253X)
- Snowden, R. J., Wichter, J. and Gray, N. S. 2008. Implicit and explicit measurements of sexual preference in gay and heterosexual men: a comparison of priming techniques and the Implicit Association Task. Archives of Sexual Behavior 37(4), pp. 558-565. (10.1007/s10508-006-9138-z)
- Gray, N. S., Taylor, J. and Snowden, R. J. 2008. Predicting violent reconvictions using the HCR-20. British Journal of Psychiatry 192(5), pp. 384-387. (10.1192/bjp.bp.107.044065)
2007
- Fitzgerald, S., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2007. A Comparison of WAIS-R and WAIS-III in the Lower IQ Range: Implications for Learning Disability Diagnosis. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 20(4), pp. 323-330. (10.1111/j.1468-3148.2006.00349.x)
- Gray, N. S., Fitzgerald, S., Taylor, J., MacCulloch, M. J. and Snowden, R. J. 2007. Predicting future reconviction in offenders with intellectual disabilities: The predictive efficacy of VRAG, PCL-SV, and the HCR-20. Psychological Assessment 19(4), pp. 474-479. (10.1037/1040-3590.19.4.474)
- Evans, L. H., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2007. A new continuous within-participants latent inhibition task: Examining associations with schizotypy dimensions, smoking status and gender. Biological Psychology 74(3), pp. 365-373. (10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.09.007)
- Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S., Taylor, J. and MacCulloch, M. J. 2007. Actuarial prediction of violent recidivism in mentally disordered offenders. Psychological Medicine 37(11), pp. 1539-1549. (10.1017/S0033291707000876)
- Walters, G. D., Gray, N. S., Jackson, R. L., Sewell, K. W., Rogers, R., Taylor, J. and Snowden, R. J. 2007. A taxometric analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV): Further evidence of dimensionality. Psychological Assessment 19(3), pp. 330-339. (10.1037/1040-3590.19.3.330)
- Evans, L. H., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2007. Reduced P50 suppression is associated with the cognitive disorganisation dimension of schizotypy. Schizophrenia Research 97(1-3), pp. 152-162. (10.1016/j.schres.2007.07.019)
2006
- Snowden, R. J. and Kavanagh, E. 2006. Motion perception in the ageing visual system: Minimum motion, motion coherence, and speed discrimination thresholds. Perception 35(1), pp. 9-24. (10.1068/p5399)
- Tales, A., Snowden, R. J., Brown, M. and Wilcock, G. 2006. Alerting and orienting in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 20(6), pp. 752-756. (10.1037/0894-4105.20.6.752)
- Tales, A. and Snowden, R. J. 2006. Alerting and orienting in Alzheimer's disease: Are they interdependent? Reply to Festa et al. (2006). Neuropsychology 20(6), pp. 761-762. (10.1037/0894-4105.20.6.761)
- Zhaoping, L. and Snowden, R. J. 2006. A theory of a saliency map in primary visual cortex (V1) tested by psychophysics of colour-orientation interference in texture segmentation. Visual Cognition 14(4-8), pp. 911-933. (10.1080/13506280500196035)
2005
- Gray, N. S., Brown, A., MacCulloch, M. J., Smith, J. and Snowden, R. J. 2005. An implicit test of associations between children and sex in pedophiles. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 114(2), pp. 304-308. (10.1037/0021-843X.114.2.304)
- Tales, A., Haworth, J. M., Nelson, S., Snowden, R. J. and Wilcock, G. 2005. Abnormal visual search in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurocase 11(1), pp. 80-84. (10.1080/13554790490896974)
- Tales, A., Snowden, R. J., Haworth, J. M. and Wilcock, G. 2005. Abnormal spatial and non-spatial cueing effects in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurocase 11(1), pp. 85-92. (10.1080/13554790490896983)
- Evans, L. H., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2005. Prepulse inhibition of startle and its moderation by schizotypy and smoking. Psychophysiology 42(2), pp. 223-231. (10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00280.x)
- Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2005. The relevance of irrelevance to schizophrenia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 29(6), pp. 989-999. (10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.01.006)
2004
- Gray, N. S., Snowden, R. J., MacCulloch, S., Phillips, H., Taylor, J. and MacCulloch, M. J. 2004. Relative efficacy of criminological, clinical and personality measures of future risk of offending in mentally disordered offenders: a comparative study of HCR-20, PCL:SV, and OGRS. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72(3), pp. 523-530. (10.1037/0022-006X.72.3.523)
- Evans, L. H., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2004. Facilitation and reduction of prepulse inhibition: Relationships to the positive and negative dimensions of psychometric schizotypy [Abstract]. Schizophrenia Research 67(S1), pp. 127-128. (10.1016/j.schres.2003.10.001)
- Snowden, R. J., Gray, N., Smith, J., Morris, M. and MacCulloch, M. 2004. Implicit affective associations to violence in psychopathic murderers. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 15(4), pp. 620-641. (10.1080/14789940412331313377)
- Snowden, R. J. and Freeman, T. C. A. 2004. The visual perception of motion. Current Biology 14(19), pp. R828-R831. (10.1016/j.cub.2004.09.033)
2003
- Freeman, T. C. A., Sumnall, J. H. and Snowden, R. J. 2003. The extra-retinal motion aftereffect. Journal of Vision 3(11), pp. 771-779. (10.1167/3.11.11)
- Tales, A., Muir, J. L., Jones, R., Bayer, A. J. and Snowden, R. J. 2003. The effects of saliency and task difficulty on visual search performance in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia 42(3), pp. 335-345. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.002)
- Sumnall, J. H., Freeman, T. C. A. and Snowden, R. J. 2003. Optokinetic potential and the perception of head-centred speed. Vision Research 43(16), pp. 1709-1718. (10.1016/S0042-6989(03)00254-2)
- Gray, N. S., McGleish, A., Snowden, R. J. and Timmons, D. 2003. Prediction of violence and self-harm in mentally disordered offenders: a prospective study of the efficacy of HCR-20, PCL-R, and psychiatric symptomology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 71(3), pp. 443-451. (10.1037/0022-006X.71.3.443)
- Gray, N. S., MacCulloch, M. J., Smith, J., Morris, M. and Snowden, R. J. 2003. Forensic psychology: Violence viewed by psychopathic murderers. Nature 423(6939), pp. 497-498. (10.1038/423497a)
- Gray, N. S., Carman, N. G., Rogers, P. E., MacCulloch, M. J., Hayward, P. and Snowden, R. J. 2003. Post-traumatic stress disorder caused in mentally disordered offenders by the committing of a serious violent or sexual offence. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 14(1), pp. 27-43. (10.1080/1478994031000074289)
- Gray, N. S., Snowden, R. J., Peoples, M., Hemsley, D. R. and Gray, J. A. 2003. A demonstration of within-subjects latent inhibition in the human: limitations and advantages. Behavioural Brain Research 138(1), pp. 1-8. (10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00181-X)
2002
- Tales, A., Muir, J. L., Bayer, A. J., Jones, R. and Snowden, R. J. 2002. Phasic visual alertness in Alzheimer's disease and ageing. NeuroReport 13(18), pp. 2557-2560.
- Ansari, E. A., Morgan, J. E. and Snowden, R. J. 2002. Psychophysical characterisation of early functional loss in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. British Journal of Ophthalmology 86(10), pp. 1131-1135. (10.1136/bjo.86.10.1131)
- Ansari, E. A., Morgan, J. E. and Snowden, R. J. 2002. Glaucoma: squaring the psychophysics and neurobiology. British Journal of Ophthalmology 86(7), pp. 823-826. (10.1136/bjo.86.7.823)
- Gray, N. S., Pickering, A. D., Snowden, R. J., Hemsley, D. R. and Gray, J. A. 2002. The partial reinforcement extinction effect in humans: effects of schizophrenia, schizotypy and low doses of amphetamine. Behavioural Brain Research 133(2), pp. 333-342. (10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00019-0)
- Snowden, R. J. 2002. Visual attention to color: parvocellular guidance of attentional resources?. Psychological Science 13(2), pp. 180-184. (10.1111/1467-9280.00433)
- Tales, A., Muir, J. L., Bayer, A. J. and Snowden, R. J. 2002. Spatial shifts in visual attention in normal ageing and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neuropsychologia 40(12), pp. 2000-2012. (10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00057-X)
- Gray, N. S., Fernandez, M., Williams, J., Ruddle, R. A. and Snowden, R. J. 2002. Which schizotypal dimensions abolish latent inhibition?. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 41(3), pp. 271-284. (10.1348/014466502760379136)
2001
- Snowden, R. J. 2001. Contrast gain mechanism or transient channel? Why the effects of a background pattern alter over time. Vision Research 41(15), pp. 1879-1883. (10.1016/S0042-6989(01)00110-9)
- Ansari, E. A., Morgan, J. E. and Snowden, R. J. 2001. Diffuse loss of contrast sensitivity in early glaucoma [Abstract]. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 42(4), pp. S559.
- White, J. L., Ruddle, R. A., Howes, A., Snowden, R. J., Savage, J. C. D. and Jones, D. M. 2001. Eyes in the sky: Human factors and uninhabited air vehicles. Journal of Defence Science 6, pp. 88-94.
- Gray, N. S., Williams, J., Fernandez, M., Ruddle, R. A., Good, M. A. and Snowden, R. J. 2001. Context dependent latent inhibition in adult humans. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology 54(3), pp. 233-245. (10.1080/713932760)
- Doyle, M. C. and Snowden, R. J. 2001. Identification of visual stimuli is improved by accompanying auditory stimuli: The role of eye movements and sound location. Perception 30(7), pp. 795-810. (10.1068/p3126)
- Snowden, R. J., Willey, J. and Muir, J. L. 2001. Visuospatial attention: the role of target contrast and task difficulty when assessing the effects of cues. Perception 30(8), pp. 983-991. (10.1068/p3068)
2000
- Blakemore, M. R. and Snowden, R. J. 2000. Textured backgrounds alter perceived speed. Vision Research 40(6), pp. 629-638. (10.1016/S0042-6989(99)00214-X)
- Snowden, R. J. and Verstraten, F. A. J. 2000. Reply to Grunewald [Two directions at the same location?][Letter]. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4(3), pp. 77-78. (10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01439-4)
- Brawn, P. T. and Snowden, R. J. 2000. Attention to overlapping objects: detection and discrimination of luminance changes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 26(1), pp. 342-358. (10.1037/0096-1523.26.1.342)
1999
- Snowden, R. J. and Verstraten, F. A. J. 1999. Motion transparency: making models of motion perception transparent. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3(10), pp. 369-377. (10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01381-9)
- Brawn, P. and Snowden, R. J. 1999. Can one pay attention to a particular color?. Perception & Psychophysics 61(5), pp. 860-873. (10.3758/BF03206902)
- Snowden, R. J. and Edmunds, R. 1999. Colour and polarity contributions to global motion perception. Vision Research 39(10), pp. 1813-1822. (10.1016/S0042-6989(98)00201-6)
- Snowden, R. J. 1999. Visual perception: Here's mud in your mind's eye. Current Biology 9(9), pp. R336-R337. (10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80207-3)
- Blakemore, M. R. and Snowden, R. J. 1999. The effect of contrast upon perceived speed: a general phenomenon?. Perception 28(1), pp. 33-48. (10.1068/p2722)
- Snowden, R. J. and Rossiter, M. C. 1999. Stereoscopic depth cues can segment motion information. Perception 28(2), pp. 193-201. (10.1068/p2735)
1998
- Snowden, R. J. 1998. Shifts in perceived position following adaptation to visual motion. Current Biology 8(24), pp. 1343-1345. (10.1016/S0960-9822(07)00567-2)
- Snowden, R. J. 1998. Texture segregation and visual search: a comparison of the effects of random variations along irrelevant dimensions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 24(5), pp. 1354-1367. (10.1037/0096-1523.24.5.1354)
- Snowden, R. J. and Hammett, S. T. 1998. The effects of surround contrast on contrast thresholds, perceived contrast and contrast discrimination. Vision Research 38(13), pp. 1935-1945. (10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00379-9)
- Snowden, R. J., Stimpson, N. and Ruddle, R. A. 1998. Speed perception fogs up as visibility drops [Letter]. Nature 392(6675), pp. 450-450. (10.1038/33049)
1997
- Snowden, R. J. and Milne, A. B. 1997. Phantom motion aftereffects - Evidence of detectors for the analysis of optic flow. Current Biology 7(10), pp. 717-722. (10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00329-0)
1996
- Snowden, R. J. and Milne, A. B. 1996. The effects of adapting to complex motions: position invariance and tuning to spiral motions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 8(5), pp. 435-452. (10.1162/jocn.1996.8.5.435)
- Snowden, R. J. and Hammett, S. T. 1996. Spatial frequency adaptation: threshold elevation and perceived contrast. Vision Research 36(12), pp. 1797-1809. (10.1016/0042-6989(95)00263-4)
1995
- Hammett, S. T. and Snowden, R. J. 1995. The effect of contrast adaptation on briefly presented stimuli. Vision Research 35(12), pp. 1721-1725. (10.1016/0042-6989(94)00283-R)
- Snowden, R. J., Ullrich, D. and Bach, M. 1995. Isolation and characteristics of a steady-state visually-evoked potential in humans related to the motion of a stimulus. Vision Research 35(10), pp. 1365-1373. (10.1016/0042-6989(95)98716-M)
- Snowden, R. J., Hess, R. F. and Waugh, S. J. 1995. The processing of temporal modulation at different levels of retinal illuminance. Vision Research 35(6), pp. 775-789. (10.1016/0042-6989(94)00158-I)
Articles
- Gray, N. S., Price, M., Pink, J., O'Connor, C., Antunes, A. and Snowden, R. J. 2024. Measuring the pupillary light reflex using portable instruments in applied settings. Vision 8(4), article number: 60. (10.3390/vision8040060)
- Snowden, R. J., Kydd-Coutts, M., Varney, E., Rosselli, O. and Gray, N. S. 2024. Visual spatial attention to sexual stimuli. Current Psychology 43, pp. 27930-27943. (10.1007/s12144-024-06438-y)
- Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S. and Uzzell, K. S. 2024. Implicit sexual cognitions in women with ambiphilic sexual attractions: A comparison to androphilic and gynephilic women. Archives of Sexual Behavior 53, pp. 141-152. (10.1007/s10508-023-02727-y)
- Gray, N. S., Davies, H., Brad, R. and Snowden, R. J. 2023. Reducing sickness absence and stigma due to mental health difficulties: a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a low intensity psychological intervention and stigma reduction programme for common mental disorder (Prevail). BMC Public Health 23(1), article number: 1324. (10.1186/s12889-023-16200-x)
- Snowden, R. J., Mitchell, E., Ojo, S. K., Preedy-Lunt, R. and Gray, N. S. 2023. Spatial attention to emotional images and psychopathic personality traits.. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 45, pp. 333-345. (10.1007/s10862-022-10012-w)
- Gray, N. S., Davies, H. and Snowden, R. J. 2023. Reducing stigma and increasing workplace productivity due to mental health difficulties in a large government organization in the UK: a protocol for a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a low intensity psychological intervention and stigma reduction programme for common mental disorder (Prevail). BMC Public Health 20, article number: 896. (10.1186/s12889-020-09054-0)
- Simkiss, N., Gray, N., Kemp, A., Dunne, C. and Snowden, R. 2023. A randomised controlled trial evaluating the Guide Cymru Mental Health Literacy intervention programme in Year 9 (age 13-14) school pupils in Wales. BMC Public Health 23, article number: 1062. (10.1186/s12889-023-15922-2)
- Pink, J., Snowden, R. J. and Gray, N. S. 2023. The implicit measurement of psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality 103, article number: 104339. (10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104339)
- Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S., Rollings, J. and Uzzell, K. S. 2023. Automatic attention to sexual images of men and women in androphilic, ambiphilic, and gynephilic women. Journal of Bisexuality 23(2), pp. 170-185. (10.1080/15299716.2023.2183923)
- Snowden, R. J., Tiley, O. and Gray, N. S. 2023. The Cardiff self‐injury inventory (English version): convergent validity and psychometric properties. Health Science Reports 6(1), article number: e1028. (10.1002/hsr2.1028)
- Knowles, J. R., Gray, N. S., John, A., O’Connor, C., Pink, J., Simkiss, N. J. and Snowden, R. J. 2023. Mental wellbeing and psychological distress in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison across time. Advances in Mental Health 21(1), pp. 30-42. (10.1080/18387357.2022.2039072)
- Walters, T., Simkiss, N., Snowden, R. J. and Gray, N. S. 2022. Secondary school students’ perception of the online teaching experience during COVID-19: The impact on mental wellbeing and specific learning difficulties. British Journal of Educational Psychology 92(3), pp. 843-860., article number: e12475. (10.1111/bjep.12475)
- Snowden, R. J. et al. 2022. Explicit and implicit self-esteem and aggression: Differential effects of agency and communion. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37(11-12), pp. NP10036-NP10059. (10.1177/0886260520985490)
- Docksey, A. E., Gray, N. S., Davies, H. B., Simkiss, N. and Snowden, R. J. 2022. The stigma and self-stigma scales for attitudes to mental health problems: psychometric properties and its relationship to mental health problems and absenteeism. Health Psychology Research 10, article number: 2. (10.52965/001c.35630)
- Gray, N. S., McKinnon, A. and Snowden, R. J. 2022. A reduction in the pupil’s response to affective sounds in psychopathy and related personality traits. Physiological Reports 10(6), article number: e15235. (10.14814/phy2.15235)
- Pink, J. et al. 2022. Refining the relationship between psychopathy, aggression, and rule-breaking by gender: A comparison of the Triarchic and Septarchic models of psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences 185, article number: 111282. (10.1016/j.paid.2021.111282)
- Knowles, J. R., Gray, N. S., O’Connor, C., Pink, J., Simkiss, N. J. and Snowden, R. J. 2022. The role of hope and resilience in protecting against suicidal thoughts and behaviors during the Covid-19 pandemic. Archives of Suicide Research 26(3), pp. 1487-1504. (10.1080/13811118.2021.1923599)
- Snowden, R. J., Frongillo Juric, A., Leach, R., McKinnon, A. and Gray, N. S. 2022. Automatic processing of emotional images and psychopathic personality traits. Cognition and Emotion 36(5), pp. 821-835. (10.1080/02699931.2022.2054780)
- Pink, J., Gray, N. S., O'Connor, C., Knowles, J. R., Simkiss, N. J. and Snowden, R. J. 2021. Psychological distress and resilience in first responders and health care workers during the COVID?19 pandemic. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 94(4), pp. 789-807. (10.1111/joop.12364)
- Amad, S., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2021. Self-esteem, narcissism, and aggression: different types of self-esteem predict different types of aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(23-24), pp. 13296-13313. (10.1177/0886260520905540)
- Simkiss, N. J., Gray, N. S., Dunne, C. and Snowden, R. J. 2021. Development and psychometric properties of the Knowledge and Attitudes to Mental Health Scales (KAMHS): a psychometric measure of Mental Health Literacy in children and adolescents. BMC Pediatrics 21, article number: 508. (10.1186/s12887-021-02964-x)
- Gray, N., Blumenthal, S., Schuker, R., Wood, H., Fonagy, P. and Snowden, R. 2021. The triarchic model of psychopathy and antisocial behavior: results from an offender population with personality disorder. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(17-18), pp. NP9130-NP9152. (10.1177/0886260519853404)
- Gray, N. S. et al. 2021. Explicit and implicit hopelessness and self-injury. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 51(3), pp. 606-615. (10.1111/sltb.12743)
- Gray, N. S., John, A., McKinnon, A., Raybould, S., Knowles, J. and Snowden, R. J. 2021. Structured professional judgment to assist the evaluation and safety planning of suicide risk: The Risk of Suicide Protocol (RoSP). Frontiers in Psychiatry 12, article number: 607120. (10.3389/fpsyt.2021.607120)
- Roy, S. et al. 2021. Triarchic or septarchic?—uncovering the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure’s (TriPM) structure. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment 12(1), pp. 1-15. (10.1037/per0000392)
- Roy, S. et al. 2021. The perils of untested assumptions in theory testing: a reply to Patrick et al. (2020). Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment 12(1), pp. 24-28. (10.1037/per0000461)
- Olver, M. et al. 2020. Reliability and validity of the psychopathy checklist-revised in the assessment of risk for institutional violence: a cautionary note on DeMatteo et al. (2020). Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 26(4), pp. 490-510. (10.1037/law0000256)
- Hare, R. D. et al. 2020. The PCL-R and capital sentencing: a commentary on “Death is Different". Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 26(4), pp. 519-522. (10.1037/law0000290)
- Gray, N. S., O’Connor, C., Knowles, J., Pink, J., Simkiss, N. and Snowden, R. J. 2020. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental wellbeing and psychological distress: impact upon a single country. Frontiers in Psychiatry 11, article number: 594115. (10.3389/fpsyt.2020.594115)
- Burley, D. T., Deriu, V., Masin, R., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2020. Emotional modulation of the pupil in psychopathy: a test of the response modulation hypothesis. International Journal of Psychophysiology 155, pp. 168-174. (10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.008)
- Mckinnon, A. I., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2020. Enhanced emotional response to both negative and positive images in post-traumatic stress disorder: evidence from pupillometry. Biological Psychology 154, article number: 107922. (10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107922)
- Gray, N. S., Davies, H. and Snowden, R. J. 2020. Reducing stigma and increasing workplace productivity due to mental health difficulties in a large government organization in the UK: A protocol for a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a low intensity psychological intervention and stigma reduction programme for common mental disorder (Prevail). BMC Public Health 20, article number: 896. (10.1186/s12889-020-09054-0)
- Snowden, R. J., Fitton, E., McKinnon, A. and Gray, N. 2020. Sexual attraction to both genders in ambiphilic men: Evidence from implicit cognitions. Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, pp. 503-515. (10.1007/s10508-019-01552-6)
- Simkiss, N., Gray, N. S., Malone, G., Kemp, A. and Snowden, R. J. 2020. Improving mental health literacy in Year 9 high school children across Wales: A protocol for a randomised control treatment trial (RCT) of a mental health literacy programme across an entire country.. BMC Public Health 20, article number: 727. (10.1186/s12889-020-08736-z)
- Snowden, R., Holt, J., Simkiss, N., Smith, A., Webb, D. and Gray, N. S. 2019. WARRN – a formulation-based risk assessment process: Its implementation and impact across a whole country. Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 14(6), pp. 399-410. (10.1108/JMHTEP-03-2019-0016)
- Gray, N. S., Tiller, J. L. and Snowden, R. J. 2019. WARRN - A formulation-based risk assessment procedure for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS): The view of clinicians. Journal of Forensic Practice 21(4), pp. 228-239. (10.1108/JFP-06-2019-0025)
- Burley, D., Gray, N. and Snowden, R. 2019. Emotion modulation of the pupil response in psychopathy. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 10(4), pp. 365-375. (10.1037/per0000313)
- Blumenthal, S. et al. 2019. Implicit measurement of violence-related cognitions. Psychology of Violence 9(2), pp. 235-243. (10.1037/vio0000194)
- Gray, N. S., Weidacker, K. and Snowden, R. J. 2019. Psychopathy and impulsivity: The relationship of psychopathy to different aspects of UPPS-P impulsivity. Psychiatry Research 272, pp. 474-482. (10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.155)
- Snowden, R., McKinnon, A., Fitoussi, J. and Gray, N. 2019. Pupillary responses to static images of men and women. A possible measure of sexual interest?. Journal of Sex Research 56(1), pp. 74-84. (10.1080/00224499.2017.1394959)
- Weidacker, K., O'Farrell, K., Gray, N., Johnston, S. J. and Snowden, R. 2017. Psychopathy and impulsivity: The relationship of the triarchic model of psychopathy to different forms of impulsivity in offenders and community participants. Personality and Individual Differences 114, pp. 134-139.
- Canning, A., Andrew, E., Murphy, R., Walker, J. and Snowden, R. 2017. Gender differences in the relationship between self-esteem and aggression in young people leaving care. Violence and Gender 4(2), pp. 49-54. (10.1089/vio.2017.0002)
- Weidacker, K., Snowden, R. J., Boy, F. and Johnston, S. J. 2017. Response inhibition in the parametric Go/No-Go task in psychopathic offenders. Psychiatry Research 250, pp. 256-263. (10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.083)
- Burley, D. T., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2017. As far as the eye can see: Relationship between psychopathic traits and pupil response to affective stimuli. PLoS ONE 12(1), article number: e0167436. (10.1371/journal.pone.0167436)
- Snowden, R., Smith, C. and Gray, N. S. 2017. Risk taking and the triarchic model of psychopathy. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 39(10), pp. 988-1001. (10.1080/13803395.2017.1300236)
- Snowden, R. J., O'Farrell, K. R., Burley, D., Erichsen, J. T., Newton, N. V. and Gray, N. S. 2016. The pupil's response to affective pictures: Role of image duration, habituation, and viewing mode. Psychophysiology 53(8), pp. 1217-1223. (10.1111/psyp.12668)
- Kanters, T. et al. 2016. Are child abusers sexually attracted to submissiveness? Assessment of sex-related cognition with the implicit association test. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 28(5), pp. 448-468. (10.1177/1079063214544330)
- Snowden, R. J., Curl, C., Jobbins, K., Lavington, C. and Gray, N. S. 2016. Automatic direction of spatial attention to male versus female stimuli: a comparison of heterosexual men and women. Archives of Sexual Behavior 45(4), pp. 843-853. (10.1007/s10508-015-0678-y)
- Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2016. Psychopathy in women: Prediction of criminality and violence in UK and USA psychiatric patients resident in the community. Psychiatry Research 237, pp. 339-343. (10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.014)
- Gray, N. S., Raybould, S., McKinnon, A. and Snowden, R. J. 2015. The Aggression and Vulnerablility Scale (AVS) for the measurement of inpatient behaviors: A demonstration of reliability. Austin Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 2(3), article number: 1045.
- Zwets, A. J., Hornsveld, R. H. J., Muris, P., Huijding, J., Kanters, T., Snowden, R. J. and van Marle, H. 2015. Implicit attitudes toward violence and their relation to psychopathy, aggression, and socially adaptive behaviors in forensic psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 26(5), pp. 632-651. (10.1080/14789949.2015.1037331)
- Craig, R. L., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2013. Recalled parental bonding, current attachment, and the triarchic conceptualisation of psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences 55(4), pp. 345-350. (10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.012)
- Snowden, R. J. and Gray, N. S. 2013. Implicit sexual associations in heterosexual and homosexual women and men. Archives of Sexual Behavior 42(3), pp. 475-485. (10.1007/s10508-012-9920-z)
- Snowden, R. J., Craig, R. L. and Gray, N. S. 2013. Detection and recognition of emotional expressions: Effects of traits of personality disorder and gender. Personality and Individual Differences 54(2), pp. 158-163. (10.1016/j.paid.2012.08.007)
- Tales, A. et al. 2012. Intra-individual reaction time variability in aMCI: A precursor to dementia?. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 32(2), pp. 457-466. (10.3233/JAD-2012-120505)
- Tales, A., Snowden, R. J., Phillips, M., Haworth, J., Porter, G., Wilcock, G. and Bayer, A. J. 2011. Exogenous phasic alerting and spatial orienting in mild cognitive impairment compared to healthy ageing: study outcome is related to target response. Cortex 47(2), pp. 180-190. (10.1016/j.cortex.2009.09.007)
- Fitzgerald, S., Gray, N. S., Taylor, J. and Snowden, R. J. 2011. Risk factors for recidivism in offenders with intellectual disabilities. Psychology, Crime & Law 17(1), pp. 43-58. (10.1080/10683160903392293)
- Snowden, R. J., Craig, R. L. and Gray, N. S. 2011. Indirect behavioral measures of cognition among sexual offenders. Journal of Sex Research 48(2-3), pp. 192-217. (10.1080/00224499.2011.557750)
- Gray, N. S. et al. 2011. The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START): A prospective sudy of inpatient behavior. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 10(4), pp. 305-313. (10.1080/14999013.2011.631692)
- Tales, A., Bayer, A., Haworth, J., Snowden, R. J., Phillips, M. and Wilcock, G. 2011. Visual search in mild cognitive impairment: A longitudinal study. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 24(1), pp. 151-160. (10.3233/JAD-2010-101818)
- Gray, N. S., Taylor, J. and Snowden, R. J. 2011. Predicting violence using structured professional judgment in patients with different mental and behavioral disorders. Psychiatry Research 187(1-2), pp. 248-253. (10.1016/j.psychres.2010.10.011)
- Snowden, R. J. and Gray, N. S. 2011. Impulsivity and psychopathy: Associations between the Barrett Impulsivity Scale and the Psychopathy Checklist revised. Psychiatry Research 187(3), pp. 414-417. (10.1016/j.psychres.2011.02.003)
- Copestake, S., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2011. A comparison of a self-report measure of psychopathy with the psychopathy checklist-revised in a UK sample of offenders. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 22(2), pp. 169-182. (10.1080/14789949.2010.545134)
- Morgan, J. E., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2011. The relationship between psychopathy and impulsivity: A multi-impulsivity measurement approach. Personality and Individual Differences 51(4), pp. 429-434. (10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.043)
- Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S. and Taylor, J. 2010. Risk Assessment for Future Violence in Individuals from an Ethnic Minority Group. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 9(2), pp. 118-123. (10.1080/14999013.2010.501845)
- Snowden, R. J. and Gray, N. S. 2010. Temperament and character as a function of psychopathy: relationships between the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised and the Temperament and Character Inventory in a sample of personality disordered serious or repeat offenders. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 21(6), pp. 815-833. (10.1080/14789949.2010.506617)
- Cvencek, D., Greenwald, A. G., Brown, A. S., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2010. Faking of the Implicit Association Test is statistically detectable and partly correctable. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 32(4), pp. 302-314. (10.1080/01973533.2010.519236)
- Freeman, T. C. A., Champion, R. A., Sumnall, J. H. and Snowden, R. J. 2009. Do we have direct access to retinal image motion during smooth pursuit eye movements?. Journal of Vision 9(1), article number: 33. (10.1167/9.1.33)
- Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S., Taylor, J. and Fitzgerald, S. 2009. Assessing Risk of Future Violence Among Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients With the Classification of Violence Risk (COVR). Psychiatric Services 60(11), pp. 1522-1526. (10.1176/appi.ps.60.11.1522)
- Brown, A., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2009. Implicit Measurement of Sexual Associations in Child Sex Abusers: Role of Victim Type and Denial. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 21(2), pp. 166-180. (10.1177/1079063209332234)
- Andrew, E., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2008. The relationship between trauma and beliefs about hearing voices: a study of psychiatric and non-psychiatric voice hearers. Psychological Medicine 38(10), pp. 1409-1417. (10.1017/S003329170700253X)
- Snowden, R. J., Wichter, J. and Gray, N. S. 2008. Implicit and explicit measurements of sexual preference in gay and heterosexual men: a comparison of priming techniques and the Implicit Association Task. Archives of Sexual Behavior 37(4), pp. 558-565. (10.1007/s10508-006-9138-z)
- Gray, N. S., Taylor, J. and Snowden, R. J. 2008. Predicting violent reconvictions using the HCR-20. British Journal of Psychiatry 192(5), pp. 384-387. (10.1192/bjp.bp.107.044065)
- Fitzgerald, S., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2007. A Comparison of WAIS-R and WAIS-III in the Lower IQ Range: Implications for Learning Disability Diagnosis. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 20(4), pp. 323-330. (10.1111/j.1468-3148.2006.00349.x)
- Gray, N. S., Fitzgerald, S., Taylor, J., MacCulloch, M. J. and Snowden, R. J. 2007. Predicting future reconviction in offenders with intellectual disabilities: The predictive efficacy of VRAG, PCL-SV, and the HCR-20. Psychological Assessment 19(4), pp. 474-479. (10.1037/1040-3590.19.4.474)
- Evans, L. H., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2007. A new continuous within-participants latent inhibition task: Examining associations with schizotypy dimensions, smoking status and gender. Biological Psychology 74(3), pp. 365-373. (10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.09.007)
- Snowden, R. J., Gray, N. S., Taylor, J. and MacCulloch, M. J. 2007. Actuarial prediction of violent recidivism in mentally disordered offenders. Psychological Medicine 37(11), pp. 1539-1549. (10.1017/S0033291707000876)
- Walters, G. D., Gray, N. S., Jackson, R. L., Sewell, K. W., Rogers, R., Taylor, J. and Snowden, R. J. 2007. A taxometric analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV): Further evidence of dimensionality. Psychological Assessment 19(3), pp. 330-339. (10.1037/1040-3590.19.3.330)
- Evans, L. H., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2007. Reduced P50 suppression is associated with the cognitive disorganisation dimension of schizotypy. Schizophrenia Research 97(1-3), pp. 152-162. (10.1016/j.schres.2007.07.019)
- Snowden, R. J. and Kavanagh, E. 2006. Motion perception in the ageing visual system: Minimum motion, motion coherence, and speed discrimination thresholds. Perception 35(1), pp. 9-24. (10.1068/p5399)
- Tales, A., Snowden, R. J., Brown, M. and Wilcock, G. 2006. Alerting and orienting in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 20(6), pp. 752-756. (10.1037/0894-4105.20.6.752)
- Tales, A. and Snowden, R. J. 2006. Alerting and orienting in Alzheimer's disease: Are they interdependent? Reply to Festa et al. (2006). Neuropsychology 20(6), pp. 761-762. (10.1037/0894-4105.20.6.761)
- Zhaoping, L. and Snowden, R. J. 2006. A theory of a saliency map in primary visual cortex (V1) tested by psychophysics of colour-orientation interference in texture segmentation. Visual Cognition 14(4-8), pp. 911-933. (10.1080/13506280500196035)
- Gray, N. S., Brown, A., MacCulloch, M. J., Smith, J. and Snowden, R. J. 2005. An implicit test of associations between children and sex in pedophiles. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 114(2), pp. 304-308. (10.1037/0021-843X.114.2.304)
- Tales, A., Haworth, J. M., Nelson, S., Snowden, R. J. and Wilcock, G. 2005. Abnormal visual search in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurocase 11(1), pp. 80-84. (10.1080/13554790490896974)
- Tales, A., Snowden, R. J., Haworth, J. M. and Wilcock, G. 2005. Abnormal spatial and non-spatial cueing effects in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurocase 11(1), pp. 85-92. (10.1080/13554790490896983)
- Evans, L. H., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2005. Prepulse inhibition of startle and its moderation by schizotypy and smoking. Psychophysiology 42(2), pp. 223-231. (10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00280.x)
- Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2005. The relevance of irrelevance to schizophrenia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 29(6), pp. 989-999. (10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.01.006)
- Gray, N. S., Snowden, R. J., MacCulloch, S., Phillips, H., Taylor, J. and MacCulloch, M. J. 2004. Relative efficacy of criminological, clinical and personality measures of future risk of offending in mentally disordered offenders: a comparative study of HCR-20, PCL:SV, and OGRS. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72(3), pp. 523-530. (10.1037/0022-006X.72.3.523)
- Evans, L. H., Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2004. Facilitation and reduction of prepulse inhibition: Relationships to the positive and negative dimensions of psychometric schizotypy [Abstract]. Schizophrenia Research 67(S1), pp. 127-128. (10.1016/j.schres.2003.10.001)
- Snowden, R. J., Gray, N., Smith, J., Morris, M. and MacCulloch, M. 2004. Implicit affective associations to violence in psychopathic murderers. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 15(4), pp. 620-641. (10.1080/14789940412331313377)
- Snowden, R. J. and Freeman, T. C. A. 2004. The visual perception of motion. Current Biology 14(19), pp. R828-R831. (10.1016/j.cub.2004.09.033)
- Freeman, T. C. A., Sumnall, J. H. and Snowden, R. J. 2003. The extra-retinal motion aftereffect. Journal of Vision 3(11), pp. 771-779. (10.1167/3.11.11)
- Tales, A., Muir, J. L., Jones, R., Bayer, A. J. and Snowden, R. J. 2003. The effects of saliency and task difficulty on visual search performance in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia 42(3), pp. 335-345. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.002)
- Sumnall, J. H., Freeman, T. C. A. and Snowden, R. J. 2003. Optokinetic potential and the perception of head-centred speed. Vision Research 43(16), pp. 1709-1718. (10.1016/S0042-6989(03)00254-2)
- Gray, N. S., McGleish, A., Snowden, R. J. and Timmons, D. 2003. Prediction of violence and self-harm in mentally disordered offenders: a prospective study of the efficacy of HCR-20, PCL-R, and psychiatric symptomology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 71(3), pp. 443-451. (10.1037/0022-006X.71.3.443)
- Gray, N. S., MacCulloch, M. J., Smith, J., Morris, M. and Snowden, R. J. 2003. Forensic psychology: Violence viewed by psychopathic murderers. Nature 423(6939), pp. 497-498. (10.1038/423497a)
- Gray, N. S., Carman, N. G., Rogers, P. E., MacCulloch, M. J., Hayward, P. and Snowden, R. J. 2003. Post-traumatic stress disorder caused in mentally disordered offenders by the committing of a serious violent or sexual offence. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 14(1), pp. 27-43. (10.1080/1478994031000074289)
- Gray, N. S., Snowden, R. J., Peoples, M., Hemsley, D. R. and Gray, J. A. 2003. A demonstration of within-subjects latent inhibition in the human: limitations and advantages. Behavioural Brain Research 138(1), pp. 1-8. (10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00181-X)
- Tales, A., Muir, J. L., Bayer, A. J., Jones, R. and Snowden, R. J. 2002. Phasic visual alertness in Alzheimer's disease and ageing. NeuroReport 13(18), pp. 2557-2560.
- Ansari, E. A., Morgan, J. E. and Snowden, R. J. 2002. Psychophysical characterisation of early functional loss in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. British Journal of Ophthalmology 86(10), pp. 1131-1135. (10.1136/bjo.86.10.1131)
- Ansari, E. A., Morgan, J. E. and Snowden, R. J. 2002. Glaucoma: squaring the psychophysics and neurobiology. British Journal of Ophthalmology 86(7), pp. 823-826. (10.1136/bjo.86.7.823)
- Gray, N. S., Pickering, A. D., Snowden, R. J., Hemsley, D. R. and Gray, J. A. 2002. The partial reinforcement extinction effect in humans: effects of schizophrenia, schizotypy and low doses of amphetamine. Behavioural Brain Research 133(2), pp. 333-342. (10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00019-0)
- Snowden, R. J. 2002. Visual attention to color: parvocellular guidance of attentional resources?. Psychological Science 13(2), pp. 180-184. (10.1111/1467-9280.00433)
- Tales, A., Muir, J. L., Bayer, A. J. and Snowden, R. J. 2002. Spatial shifts in visual attention in normal ageing and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neuropsychologia 40(12), pp. 2000-2012. (10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00057-X)
- Gray, N. S., Fernandez, M., Williams, J., Ruddle, R. A. and Snowden, R. J. 2002. Which schizotypal dimensions abolish latent inhibition?. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 41(3), pp. 271-284. (10.1348/014466502760379136)
- Snowden, R. J. 2001. Contrast gain mechanism or transient channel? Why the effects of a background pattern alter over time. Vision Research 41(15), pp. 1879-1883. (10.1016/S0042-6989(01)00110-9)
- Ansari, E. A., Morgan, J. E. and Snowden, R. J. 2001. Diffuse loss of contrast sensitivity in early glaucoma [Abstract]. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 42(4), pp. S559.
- White, J. L., Ruddle, R. A., Howes, A., Snowden, R. J., Savage, J. C. D. and Jones, D. M. 2001. Eyes in the sky: Human factors and uninhabited air vehicles. Journal of Defence Science 6, pp. 88-94.
- Gray, N. S., Williams, J., Fernandez, M., Ruddle, R. A., Good, M. A. and Snowden, R. J. 2001. Context dependent latent inhibition in adult humans. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology 54(3), pp. 233-245. (10.1080/713932760)
- Doyle, M. C. and Snowden, R. J. 2001. Identification of visual stimuli is improved by accompanying auditory stimuli: The role of eye movements and sound location. Perception 30(7), pp. 795-810. (10.1068/p3126)
- Snowden, R. J., Willey, J. and Muir, J. L. 2001. Visuospatial attention: the role of target contrast and task difficulty when assessing the effects of cues. Perception 30(8), pp. 983-991. (10.1068/p3068)
- Blakemore, M. R. and Snowden, R. J. 2000. Textured backgrounds alter perceived speed. Vision Research 40(6), pp. 629-638. (10.1016/S0042-6989(99)00214-X)
- Snowden, R. J. and Verstraten, F. A. J. 2000. Reply to Grunewald [Two directions at the same location?][Letter]. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4(3), pp. 77-78. (10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01439-4)
- Brawn, P. T. and Snowden, R. J. 2000. Attention to overlapping objects: detection and discrimination of luminance changes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 26(1), pp. 342-358. (10.1037/0096-1523.26.1.342)
- Snowden, R. J. and Verstraten, F. A. J. 1999. Motion transparency: making models of motion perception transparent. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3(10), pp. 369-377. (10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01381-9)
- Brawn, P. and Snowden, R. J. 1999. Can one pay attention to a particular color?. Perception & Psychophysics 61(5), pp. 860-873. (10.3758/BF03206902)
- Snowden, R. J. and Edmunds, R. 1999. Colour and polarity contributions to global motion perception. Vision Research 39(10), pp. 1813-1822. (10.1016/S0042-6989(98)00201-6)
- Snowden, R. J. 1999. Visual perception: Here's mud in your mind's eye. Current Biology 9(9), pp. R336-R337. (10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80207-3)
- Blakemore, M. R. and Snowden, R. J. 1999. The effect of contrast upon perceived speed: a general phenomenon?. Perception 28(1), pp. 33-48. (10.1068/p2722)
- Snowden, R. J. and Rossiter, M. C. 1999. Stereoscopic depth cues can segment motion information. Perception 28(2), pp. 193-201. (10.1068/p2735)
- Snowden, R. J. 1998. Shifts in perceived position following adaptation to visual motion. Current Biology 8(24), pp. 1343-1345. (10.1016/S0960-9822(07)00567-2)
- Snowden, R. J. 1998. Texture segregation and visual search: a comparison of the effects of random variations along irrelevant dimensions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 24(5), pp. 1354-1367. (10.1037/0096-1523.24.5.1354)
- Snowden, R. J. and Hammett, S. T. 1998. The effects of surround contrast on contrast thresholds, perceived contrast and contrast discrimination. Vision Research 38(13), pp. 1935-1945. (10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00379-9)
- Snowden, R. J., Stimpson, N. and Ruddle, R. A. 1998. Speed perception fogs up as visibility drops [Letter]. Nature 392(6675), pp. 450-450. (10.1038/33049)
- Snowden, R. J. and Milne, A. B. 1997. Phantom motion aftereffects - Evidence of detectors for the analysis of optic flow. Current Biology 7(10), pp. 717-722. (10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00329-0)
- Snowden, R. J. and Milne, A. B. 1996. The effects of adapting to complex motions: position invariance and tuning to spiral motions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 8(5), pp. 435-452. (10.1162/jocn.1996.8.5.435)
- Snowden, R. J. and Hammett, S. T. 1996. Spatial frequency adaptation: threshold elevation and perceived contrast. Vision Research 36(12), pp. 1797-1809. (10.1016/0042-6989(95)00263-4)
- Hammett, S. T. and Snowden, R. J. 1995. The effect of contrast adaptation on briefly presented stimuli. Vision Research 35(12), pp. 1721-1725. (10.1016/0042-6989(94)00283-R)
- Snowden, R. J., Ullrich, D. and Bach, M. 1995. Isolation and characteristics of a steady-state visually-evoked potential in humans related to the motion of a stimulus. Vision Research 35(10), pp. 1365-1373. (10.1016/0042-6989(95)98716-M)
- Snowden, R. J., Hess, R. F. and Waugh, S. J. 1995. The processing of temporal modulation at different levels of retinal illuminance. Vision Research 35(6), pp. 775-789. (10.1016/0042-6989(94)00158-I)
Book sections
- Snowden, R. J. and Gray, N. S. 2010. Implicit social cognition in forensic settings. In: Gawronski, B. and Payne, B. K. eds. Handbook of Implicit Social Cognition: Measurement, Theory, and Applications. New York: Guilford, pp. 522-534.
- Gray, N. S. and Snowden, R. J. 2009. The implicit association test as a measure of sexual interest. In: Thornton, D. and Laws, D. R. eds. Cognitive Approaches to the Assessment of Sexual Interest in Sexual Offenders. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 101-124.
Ymchwil
Forensic and clinical psychology
My laboratory investigates the origins and management of severe problem behaviours. These include violence to others, sexual offending, suicide and self-harming behaviours.
On-going projects include:
- use of structured professional judgement and actuarial assessment of future violence in mentally disordered offenders
- development of a clinical battery of tests for a Personality Disorder Service
- RAPID (Risk of Aggression Protocol for Intellectual Disabilities): development of a screening tool for violence in learning disability services
- self-esteem, parental bonding and sexual offending
- self-esteem and aggression
- self-harming behaviours in Borderline Personality Disorder
- prediction of suicide using the RoSP (Risk of Suicide Protocol)
- emotional processing and intelligence in psychopathic offenders
- implicit measurement of sex-related cognitions in normal populations (hetero and homosexual men and women)
- impulsivity, psychopathy and personality disorders
- perceptual sensitivity, strength of the nervous system and psychopathology
- use of implicit measures.
Vision and visual attention
My work here has slowed down in the past years due to the increasing load in the field of forensic and clinical psychology. Nevertheless, I still have projects looking at motion perception and of the effects of visual attention. I also have an interest in the effects of ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease on these processes.
Funding
- Partnerships in Care
- Pastoral Cymru.
Research collaborators
All the work in the domain of Forensic and Clinical Psychology is done in collaboration with a Chartered Clinical and Forensic psychologist (Professor Nicola Gray). We work closely with two independent providers of mental health services – Partnerships in Care (PiC) and Pastoral Cymru. They not only help provide the funds to do this work but aid greatly in access to participants. The work also involves many other hospitals (eg, Llanarth Court, The Dene, Cefn Coed, Caswell Clinic), prisons (HMP Usk, HMP Grendon, Parc Prison) and other services (eg, Gwent Learning Disability Service).
I have a longstanding collaboration with Dr Andrea Tales (Bristol University) on visual attention and Alzheimer’s Disease.
Addysgu
Level 1 - module coordinator for PS1016 Introduction to Psychology. Lectures on 'What is Psychology?' and Forensic Psychology.
Level 2 - module coordinator for PS2009 Perception. Lectures on visual perception.
Level 3 - module coordinator for PS3500 Forensic Psychology. Lectures on violence, sex offending, psychopathy and risk assessment.
Bywgraffiad
Undergraduate education
- York University – BSc Psychology (1985).
Postgraduate education
- Cambridge University – PhD Experimental Psychology (1989).
Aelodaethau proffesiynol
- Society for the Scientific Study of Psychopathy.
Safleoedd academaidd blaenorol
- Post-doctoral research fellow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Meysydd goruchwyliaeth
Forensic and clinical psychology
My research aims to help understand, predict and manage patients with severe behavioural problems due to mental health issues (psychopathy, personality disorders, mental illness).
The major strands of my work are:
- prediction and prevention of future violence and sexual violence to others
- prediction and prevention of suicide and self-harm
- understanding motivations and cognitions underpinning severe behavioural problems through the use of explicit and implicit methodologies
- understanding neuropsychological deficits underpinning severe behavioural problems (eg,impulsivity).
The research is conducted in collaboration with a clinical and forensic psychologist (Professor Nicola Gray), and has strong links to secure units (Pastoral Cymru, and Partnerships in Care), as well as local hospitals, prisons and community services.
Motion perception
including the perception of speed, and how contrast effects (eg fog) and light interact to alter our perception of speed; The effects of old age on the visual system; Visual processes in various conditions (glaucoma, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease).
If you are interested in applying for a PhD, or for further information regarding my postgraduate research, please contact me directly, or submit a formal application.
Current students
- Suzana Ahmad - Self-esteem and violence: a cross cultural examination of models of violence
- Daniel Burley - Pupillometry and personality disorder
- Katie O'Farrell - Emotional processing and psychopathy.
Also adviser to:
- Richard Benson – Use of implicit measures of cognition in self-harm and personality disorders (University of Glamorgan)
- Jenny Clarke – Risk of Suicide Protocol (RoSP): an evaluation of reliability and validity (University of Glamorgan)
Contact Details
+44 29208 74937
Adeilad y Tŵr, Ystafell 5.14, Plas y Parc, Caerdydd, CF10 3AT