![Nicola Emmerson](https://profiles-cardiff.imgix.net/attachments/5576?w=200&h=200&auto=format&crop=faces&fit=crop&q=90")
Dr Nicola Emmerson
(she/her)
Reader in Conservation, Director of Postgraduate Research
School of History, Archaeology and Religion
- Available for postgraduate supervision
Overview
Trained here at Cardiff in Conservation and Archaeology, I am now a corrosion scientist whose research focuses on management of metallic heritage. I work with museums, cultural heritage institutions and an international group of corrosion researchers with the aim of improving preservation of metals, from archaeological small finds to historic wrought iron bridges and ships. My focus on historic wrought iron has led to close collaboration with heritage ironwork practitioners and bodies such as the National Heritage Ironwork Group and the British Artist Blacksmith Association.
I supervise a cohort of PhD students and teach conservation, heritage science research methods and analytical techniques. To support these activities, I developed and manage a suite of analytical laboratories linked to climate simulations, corrosion rate determination, microscopy, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy and sample preparation.
External to the university, I am the Coordinator of the International Council for Museums Committee for Conservation (ICOM-CC) Metals Working Group and Chair of the Institute for Conservation (Icon) Metals Committee. I act as a reviewer for journals, research funding bodies and conference proceedings.
Publication
2024
- Kennedy, C. et al. 2024. Beyond heritage science: A review. Heritage 7(3), pp. 1510-1538. (10.3390/heritage7030073)
2023
- Smith, W., Watkinson, D., Emmerson, N., Lankester, P., Thickett, D. and Leins, I. 2023. Comparative assessment of paint systems for use on heritage artillery at coastal forts in England: experimental design and interim report. Conservar Patrimonio 44, pp. 174-186. (10.14568/cp29444)
2022
- Thickett, D., Emmerson, N., Larsen, R., Odlyha, M. and Watkinson, D. 2022. Analysing objects to tailor environmental preventive conservation. Heritage 6(1), pp. 212-235. (10.3390/heritage6010011)
- Thunberg, J., Watkinson, D., Emmerson, N., Kis, Z., Harsanyi, I., Zsolt, K. and Lewis, M. 2022. The role of patina on archaeological copper alloy coins in the outbreak and progression of bronze disease. Presented at: Metal 2022: 10th Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group, Helsinki, Finland, 5-9 September 2022.
- Meehan, P., Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2022. A comparison of the long-term outdoor performance of two modern paint coating systems and a traditional lead-based paint applied to historic wrought iron. Presented at: Metal 2022: 10th Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group, Helsinki, Finland, 5 - 9 September 2022.
- Emmerson, N., Watkinson, D., Roche, K., Seifert, J. and Thunberg, J. 2022. The effect of βFeOOH synthesis routes on its ability to corrode iron. Presented at: Metal 2022: 10th Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group, Helsinki, Finland, 5 - 9 September 2022.
2021
- Emmerson, N. J., Seifert, J. H. and Watkinson, D. E. 2021. Refining the use of oxygen consumption as a proxy corrosion rate measure for archaeological and historic iron. European Physical Journal Plus 135, article number: 546. (10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01478-w)
- Thunberg, J., Watkinson, D. and Emmerson, N. 2021. Desiccated microclimates for heritage metals: creation and management. Studies in Conservation 66(3), pp. 127-153. (10.1080/00393630.2020.1799599)
2020
- Emmerson, N., Thunberg, J. and Watkinson, D. 2020. New guidelines for the desiccated storage of archaeological metal artefacts. Presented at: 48th AIC/SPNHC Joint Virtual Annual Meeting 2020, Virtual, 21 May - 230 June 2021.
- Watkinson, D., Smith, W. and Emmerson, N. 2020. Removal of copper corrosion products from archaeological copper alloys using a Q-switch Nd:YAG 1064 laser: impact on selected corrosion products. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2020, Virtual, 7-11 September 2020.
- Thunberg, J., Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2020. The role of relative humidity in the corrosion rate of copper in the presence of cuprous chloride: a risk-based approach. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2020, Virtual, 7-11 September 2020.
- Nasanen, L., Watkinson, D. and Emmerson, N. 2020. The impact of pH and temperature on copper corrosion products in subcritical conditions: delivering insight into the treatment of archaeological copper alloys. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2020, Virtual, 7-11 September 2020.
2019
- Watkinson, D., Crepeau, M. and Emmerson, N. 2019. Evidencing risk to inform best practice: the limitations of detecting tinning layers by visual analysis during the removal of corrosion from archaeological iron. Presented at: Metal 2019: Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group, Neuchatel, Switzerland, 2-6 September 2019.
- Emmerson, N., Watkinson, D. and Thunberg, J. 2019. Flame cleaning of historic wrought iron: practitioner methods and their impact on oxide morphologies and post-treatment corrosion rates. Presented at: Metal 2019: Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group, Neuchatel, Switzerland, 2-6 September 2019.
- Watkinson, D. E., Rimmer, M. B. and Emmerson, N. J. 2019. The Influence of relative humidity and intrinsic chloride on post-excavation corrosion rates of archaeological wrought iron. Studies in Conservation 64(8), pp. 456-471. (10.1080/00393630.2018.1565006)
- Watkinson, D. and Emmerson, N. 2019. Desiccated corrosion control of the 324 feet long wrought iron hull of ss Great Britain: theory and operational realities 10 years on. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2019, Seville, Spain, 9-13 September 2019.
- Emmerson, N., Roche, K. and Watkinson, D. 2019. Synthesised and naturally formed Akaganéite: impact on the corrosion of iron. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2019, Seville, Spain, 9-13 September 2019.
2018
- Thunberg, J., Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2018. Evidencing best practice in post-excavation and long-term storage protocols for archaeological iron. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2018, Krakow, Poland, 9-13 September 2018.
- Emmerson, N., James, S., Thunberg, J. and Watkinson, D. 2018. Impact of NaOH (aq) short-term washing of βFeOOH on its ability to corrode iron. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2018, Krakow, Poland, 9-13 September 2018.
2017
- Watkinson, D., Emmerson, N. and Seifert, J. 2017. Matching display relative humidity to corrosion rate: Quantitative evidence for marine cast iron cannon balls. Presented at: Metal 2016: Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group, New Dehli, India, 26-30 September 2016 Presented at Menon, R. ed.Metal 2016 Proceedings of the Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group September 26-30, 2016 New Delhi India. ICOM-CC and IGNCA pp. 195-202.
- Watkinson, D. E. and Emmerson, N. J. 2017. The impact of aqueous washing on the ability of βFeOOH to corrode iron. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, pp. 2138-2149. (10.1007/s11356-016-6749-3)
- Watkinson, D., Emmerson, N. and Channell, I. 2017. Towards quantitatively assessing the success of dodecanoic acid as an inhibitor for the treatment of archaeological iron nails. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2017, Prague, Czech Republic, 3-7 September 2017.
- Emmerson, N., Watkinson, D. and Gkouma, A. 2017. Investigation of the natural plant extract Emblica officinalis for chloride release from βFeOOH. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2017, Prague, Czech Republic, 3-7 September 2017.
2016
- Emmerson, N. J. and Watkinson, D. E. 2016. Surface preparation of historic wrought iron: evidencing the requirement for standardisation. Materials and Corrosion / Werkstoffe und Korrosion 67(2), pp. 176-189. (10.1002/maco.201408210)
- Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2016. Surface preparation of historic wrought iron. Materials and Corrosion 67(2), pp. 176-189. (10.1002/maco.201408210)
- Watkinson, D., Emmerson, N. and Seifert, J. 2016. Corrosion rates of marine archaeological cast iron as a function of relative humidity and treatment. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2016, Montpellier, France, 11-15 September 2016.
- Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2016. Impact of washed naturally formed and synthetic β-FeOOH on corrosion rate of iron as a function of relative humidity. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2016, Montpellier, France, 11-15 September 2016.
2015
- Watkinson, D. and Emmerson, N. 2015. Using quantitative and qualitative analysis to inform management protocols for the preservation of archaeological ironwork. Presented at: EuroAnalysis 2015, Bordeaux, France, 6-10 September 2015.
- Lawson, A., Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2015. Quantitative testing of corrosion rates of heritage steel coated with Paraloid B72™, Cosmolloid 80H™ and Siliglide 10™. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2015, Graz, Austria, 6-10 September 2015.
- Emmerson, N. 2015. Heritage wrought iron: towards the development of evidence based standards for coating. PhD Thesis, Cardiff University.
2014
- Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2014. Preparing historic wrought iron for protective coatings: quantitative assessment to produce evidence-based protocols. Presented at: Metal 2013 Edinburgh, Scotland. Interim meeting of the international Council of Museums Committee for Conservation Metal Working Group, Edinburgh, UK, 16-20 September 2013 Presented at Hislop, E. et al. eds.Metal 2013 Edinburgh, Scotland. Interim meeting of the international Council of Museums Committee for Conservation Metal Working Group. Edinburgh: Historic Scotland pp. 119-127.
- Emmerson, N., Nordgren, E. and Watkinson, D. 2014. Mill scale on historic wrought iron: impact on corrosion and coating performance. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2014, Pisa, Italy, 8-12 September 2014.
- Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2014. Protective coatings for historic wrought iron: epoxy resins versus oil-based systems. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2014, Pisa, Italy, 8-12 September 2014.
Articles
- Kennedy, C. et al. 2024. Beyond heritage science: A review. Heritage 7(3), pp. 1510-1538. (10.3390/heritage7030073)
- Smith, W., Watkinson, D., Emmerson, N., Lankester, P., Thickett, D. and Leins, I. 2023. Comparative assessment of paint systems for use on heritage artillery at coastal forts in England: experimental design and interim report. Conservar Patrimonio 44, pp. 174-186. (10.14568/cp29444)
- Thickett, D., Emmerson, N., Larsen, R., Odlyha, M. and Watkinson, D. 2022. Analysing objects to tailor environmental preventive conservation. Heritage 6(1), pp. 212-235. (10.3390/heritage6010011)
- Emmerson, N. J., Seifert, J. H. and Watkinson, D. E. 2021. Refining the use of oxygen consumption as a proxy corrosion rate measure for archaeological and historic iron. European Physical Journal Plus 135, article number: 546. (10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01478-w)
- Thunberg, J., Watkinson, D. and Emmerson, N. 2021. Desiccated microclimates for heritage metals: creation and management. Studies in Conservation 66(3), pp. 127-153. (10.1080/00393630.2020.1799599)
- Watkinson, D. E., Rimmer, M. B. and Emmerson, N. J. 2019. The Influence of relative humidity and intrinsic chloride on post-excavation corrosion rates of archaeological wrought iron. Studies in Conservation 64(8), pp. 456-471. (10.1080/00393630.2018.1565006)
- Watkinson, D. E. and Emmerson, N. J. 2017. The impact of aqueous washing on the ability of βFeOOH to corrode iron. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, pp. 2138-2149. (10.1007/s11356-016-6749-3)
- Emmerson, N. J. and Watkinson, D. E. 2016. Surface preparation of historic wrought iron: evidencing the requirement for standardisation. Materials and Corrosion / Werkstoffe und Korrosion 67(2), pp. 176-189. (10.1002/maco.201408210)
- Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2016. Surface preparation of historic wrought iron. Materials and Corrosion 67(2), pp. 176-189. (10.1002/maco.201408210)
Conferences
- Thunberg, J., Watkinson, D., Emmerson, N., Kis, Z., Harsanyi, I., Zsolt, K. and Lewis, M. 2022. The role of patina on archaeological copper alloy coins in the outbreak and progression of bronze disease. Presented at: Metal 2022: 10th Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group, Helsinki, Finland, 5-9 September 2022.
- Meehan, P., Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2022. A comparison of the long-term outdoor performance of two modern paint coating systems and a traditional lead-based paint applied to historic wrought iron. Presented at: Metal 2022: 10th Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group, Helsinki, Finland, 5 - 9 September 2022.
- Emmerson, N., Watkinson, D., Roche, K., Seifert, J. and Thunberg, J. 2022. The effect of βFeOOH synthesis routes on its ability to corrode iron. Presented at: Metal 2022: 10th Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group, Helsinki, Finland, 5 - 9 September 2022.
- Emmerson, N., Thunberg, J. and Watkinson, D. 2020. New guidelines for the desiccated storage of archaeological metal artefacts. Presented at: 48th AIC/SPNHC Joint Virtual Annual Meeting 2020, Virtual, 21 May - 230 June 2021.
- Watkinson, D., Smith, W. and Emmerson, N. 2020. Removal of copper corrosion products from archaeological copper alloys using a Q-switch Nd:YAG 1064 laser: impact on selected corrosion products. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2020, Virtual, 7-11 September 2020.
- Thunberg, J., Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2020. The role of relative humidity in the corrosion rate of copper in the presence of cuprous chloride: a risk-based approach. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2020, Virtual, 7-11 September 2020.
- Nasanen, L., Watkinson, D. and Emmerson, N. 2020. The impact of pH and temperature on copper corrosion products in subcritical conditions: delivering insight into the treatment of archaeological copper alloys. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2020, Virtual, 7-11 September 2020.
- Watkinson, D., Crepeau, M. and Emmerson, N. 2019. Evidencing risk to inform best practice: the limitations of detecting tinning layers by visual analysis during the removal of corrosion from archaeological iron. Presented at: Metal 2019: Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group, Neuchatel, Switzerland, 2-6 September 2019.
- Emmerson, N., Watkinson, D. and Thunberg, J. 2019. Flame cleaning of historic wrought iron: practitioner methods and their impact on oxide morphologies and post-treatment corrosion rates. Presented at: Metal 2019: Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group, Neuchatel, Switzerland, 2-6 September 2019.
- Watkinson, D. and Emmerson, N. 2019. Desiccated corrosion control of the 324 feet long wrought iron hull of ss Great Britain: theory and operational realities 10 years on. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2019, Seville, Spain, 9-13 September 2019.
- Emmerson, N., Roche, K. and Watkinson, D. 2019. Synthesised and naturally formed Akaganéite: impact on the corrosion of iron. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2019, Seville, Spain, 9-13 September 2019.
- Thunberg, J., Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2018. Evidencing best practice in post-excavation and long-term storage protocols for archaeological iron. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2018, Krakow, Poland, 9-13 September 2018.
- Emmerson, N., James, S., Thunberg, J. and Watkinson, D. 2018. Impact of NaOH (aq) short-term washing of βFeOOH on its ability to corrode iron. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2018, Krakow, Poland, 9-13 September 2018.
- Watkinson, D., Emmerson, N. and Seifert, J. 2017. Matching display relative humidity to corrosion rate: Quantitative evidence for marine cast iron cannon balls. Presented at: Metal 2016: Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group, New Dehli, India, 26-30 September 2016 Presented at Menon, R. ed.Metal 2016 Proceedings of the Interim Meeting of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group September 26-30, 2016 New Delhi India. ICOM-CC and IGNCA pp. 195-202.
- Watkinson, D., Emmerson, N. and Channell, I. 2017. Towards quantitatively assessing the success of dodecanoic acid as an inhibitor for the treatment of archaeological iron nails. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2017, Prague, Czech Republic, 3-7 September 2017.
- Emmerson, N., Watkinson, D. and Gkouma, A. 2017. Investigation of the natural plant extract Emblica officinalis for chloride release from βFeOOH. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2017, Prague, Czech Republic, 3-7 September 2017.
- Watkinson, D., Emmerson, N. and Seifert, J. 2016. Corrosion rates of marine archaeological cast iron as a function of relative humidity and treatment. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2016, Montpellier, France, 11-15 September 2016.
- Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2016. Impact of washed naturally formed and synthetic β-FeOOH on corrosion rate of iron as a function of relative humidity. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2016, Montpellier, France, 11-15 September 2016.
- Watkinson, D. and Emmerson, N. 2015. Using quantitative and qualitative analysis to inform management protocols for the preservation of archaeological ironwork. Presented at: EuroAnalysis 2015, Bordeaux, France, 6-10 September 2015.
- Lawson, A., Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2015. Quantitative testing of corrosion rates of heritage steel coated with Paraloid B72™, Cosmolloid 80H™ and Siliglide 10™. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2015, Graz, Austria, 6-10 September 2015.
- Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2014. Preparing historic wrought iron for protective coatings: quantitative assessment to produce evidence-based protocols. Presented at: Metal 2013 Edinburgh, Scotland. Interim meeting of the international Council of Museums Committee for Conservation Metal Working Group, Edinburgh, UK, 16-20 September 2013 Presented at Hislop, E. et al. eds.Metal 2013 Edinburgh, Scotland. Interim meeting of the international Council of Museums Committee for Conservation Metal Working Group. Edinburgh: Historic Scotland pp. 119-127.
- Emmerson, N., Nordgren, E. and Watkinson, D. 2014. Mill scale on historic wrought iron: impact on corrosion and coating performance. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2014, Pisa, Italy, 8-12 September 2014.
- Emmerson, N. and Watkinson, D. 2014. Protective coatings for historic wrought iron: epoxy resins versus oil-based systems. Presented at: European Corrosion Congress 2014, Pisa, Italy, 8-12 September 2014.
Thesis
- Emmerson, N. 2015. Heritage wrought iron: towards the development of evidence based standards for coating. PhD Thesis, Cardiff University.
Research
Our exploitation of metals for tools, personal decoration, coinage, architecture, industry and innumerable other applications, stretches back into prehistory and leaves a rich legacy of heritage metallic artefacts and structures. My research aims to determine the most effective and practical methods of preserving these for future generations to experience, enjoy and learn from. To do this, I collaborate with conservators, blacksmiths, museums, heritage institutions, archaeology units, corrosion scientists and coating manufacturers. I work both in the field and laboratory where we have a suite of analytical equipment (Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, X-ray fluorescence) and a bank of climatic chambers in which to model different environments.
Current research themes:
Desiccated storage for archaeological metal small finds
This project with Johanna Thunberg and David Watkinson is producing best practice guidelines for the creation of microclimates in plastic boxes for long term storage of metal objects. Millions of artefacts are stored in this way across the world but there is no evidence for how to produce the most effective microclimate to offer the best protection to the objects and minimise staff or volunteer time in maintaining the desiccation.
Coatings for exterior ferrous metals
Building on a previous project, PhD student Peter Meehan is carrying out real-time assessment of traditional and modern anti-corrosion coatings for historic wrought iron. He is using a range of techniques, including oxygen consumption corrosion rate determination, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and spectrophotometry, to measure performance of the coatings on historic material in outdoor exposure. Ultimately, this will inform selection of coatings for structures such as historic gates, railings, bridges and other architectural elements.
An AHRC-funded Collaborative Doctoral Partnership with English Heritage will start in January 2020 to examine the influence of outdoor exposure environment on the corrosion and condition of modern artillery at coastal sites. It will go on to investigate the performance of anti-corrosion coatings for the steels and other components of these artillery pieces to allow English Heritage to refine their treatment protocols.
Teaching
I teach on four Conservation degree schemes:
BSc Conservation of Objects in Museums and Archaeology
MSc Conservation Practice
MSc Professional Conservation
MSc Care of Collections
I also contribute to teaching across the Archaeology degrees.
My teaching focuses on visual analysis of artefacts, structure and conservation of organic materials, management of heritage collections, scientific approaches to conservation and the theory and practice of scientific research. I manage four laboratories and numerous pieces of analytical equipment, including the Raman and FTIR spectrometers, spectrophotometer, stereo and research microscopes, metallographic sample preparation methods, analytical balances, climatic chambers and oxygen meters.
Biography
2016: PhD (Conservation) Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
2011: PGCE: Secondary Science (Chemistry) Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
2006: MA European Neolithic, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
2005: BSc Conservation of Objects in Museums and Archaeology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Professional memberships
Member of the International Council of Museums UK
Honorary Ordinary Member of the Royal Archaeological Institute
Member of The Institute of Conservation
Fellow of the Higher Education Academy
Academic positions
2021 - Present: Reader in Conservation, Cardiff University
2019 - 2021: Senior Lecturer in Conservation, Cardiff University
2014 - 2019: Lecturer in Conservation, Cardiff University
2012 - 2014: Seminar Tutor (Conservation), Cardiff University
2012 - 2014: Tutor (Chemistry for Conservators), International Academic Projects
2012 - 2013: Object Conservator, Cardiff Conservation Services
2011 - 2012: Research Assistant, Cardiff University
2008: Tutor in Conservation, Cardiff University
2006 - 2008: Laboratory Demonstrator (Conservation), Cardiff University
2006 - 2008: Object Conservator, Cardiff Conservation Services
Committees and reviewing
Committees
2023 - Present: Coordinator of the International Council of Museums Committee for Conservation (ICOM-CC) Metals Working Group
2020 - 2023: Assistant Coordinator of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group
2018 - Present: Member of the Scientific Technical Committee of the ICOM-CC Metals Working Group and editor
2013 - Present: Chair of the Institute of Conservation Metals Group Committee
2013 - Present: Member of the Institute of Conservation Group Chairs Committee
Reviewing
Journal Reviewer: Corrosion Science; Innovations in Corrosion and Materials Science; Journal of Heritage Science; Journal of the Institute of Conservation; Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance; Materials and Corrosion; Environmental Science and Pollution Research.
Supervisions
Peter Meehan (PhD Part Time 2018-2025)
A comparison of the long-term outdoor performance of two modern paint coating systems and a traditional lead-based paint applied to historic wrought iron
Johanna Thunberg (PhD Part Time 2018-2024 AHRC SWWDTP)
Evidence-based management of archaeological copper alloys: predicting corrosion, assessing treatment success and specifying storage parameters
Will Smith (PhD 2020-2024 AHRC CDA English Heritage)
Conservation of late 19th and 20th century artillery pieces
Bill Hawkes (PhD Part Time 2020-2027)
Saponin as a conservation-approved treatment in the cleaning of precious metals
Current supervision
William Smith
Research student
Peter Meehan
Research student
Past projects
Vasiliki Kontogianni (PhD Part Time 2014-2021)
Hydrophobic coatings and organic additives in Hellenistic-Roman mortars: the case study of Crete
Luca Hoare (PhD 2017-2021 Tank Museum Studentship)
Heritage management of tanks (conservation)
Sam Johnson (PhD 2016-2020 AHRC CDA)
Functional fires in historic houses: what price for visitor experience?
Jerrod Seifert (PhD 2016-2020)
Assessing the success of chloride extraction treatments for archaeological cast iron from marine contexts
Ashley Lingle (PhD 2014-2020)
Application of aqueous polymers on earthen substrates
Contact Details
+44 29208 74581
John Percival Building, Room 3.13, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU
Research themes
Specialisms
- Heritage and cultural conservation
- Cultural heritage management
- Heritage metals
- Corrosion and conservation
