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Professor Tom Margrain
Teams and roles for Tom Margrain
Emeritus Professor
Overview
My research focuses on macular disease, the UK’s leading cause of visual impairment. By developing new technologies capable of detecting and monitoring macular disease at an early stage, I hope we can speed up the development of new therapeutic interventions.
In partnership with the UK Astronomy Technology Centre our research team, the Macular Research Group, has developed a new technique called high fidelity Imaging Retinal Densitometry (IRD) that probes the functional integrity of the outer retinal complex. This unique device will deliver a paradigm shift in our understanding of retinal function in health and disease. Together with more conventional technologies we are currently using IRD in a clinical trial of a new therapeutic compound for age-related macular degeneration.
Publication
2025
- Nollett, C. et al. 2025. Involving stakeholders in designing a mental health curriculum for staff in the vision impairment sector. British Journal of Visual Impairment 43 (3), pp.882-894. (10.1177/02646196241250210)
2024
- Goddard, P. et al. 2024. Seeing art differently: design considerations to improve visual art engagement for people with low vision. Presented at: ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference Copenhagen, Denmark 1-5 July 2024. Published in: Vallgarda, A. et al., Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference. New York, US: ACM. , pp.2820-2832. (10.1145/3643834.3660675)
- Pattni, K. et al. 2024. Visual pigment concentration and photoreceptor outer segment length in the human retina. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 44 (5), pp.917-924. (10.1111/opo.13307)
2021
- Eslambolchilar, P. et al. 2021. Augmented reality glasses as a mobility aid for people with low vision: a feasibility study of experiences and requirements. Presented at: ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Yokohama, Japan 8-13 May 2021. CHI '21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM. , pp.729. (10.1145/3411764.3445327)
2020
- Callaghan, T. , Margrain, T. H. and Binns, A. M. 2020. The effect of systemic hyperoxia and hypoxia on scotopic thresholds in people with early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Current Eye Research 45 (10), pp.1273-1282. (10.1080/02713683.2020.1739315)
- Htike, H. M. et al. 2020. Ability of head-mounted display technology to improve mobility in people with low vision: a systematic review. Translational Vision Science & Technology 9 (10) 26. (10.1167/tvst.9.10.26)
- Margrain, T. H. et al. 2020. Functional imaging of the outer retinal complex using high fidelity imaging retinal densitometry. Scientific Reports 10 4494. (10.1038/s41598-020-60660-9)
2019
- Cassels, N. K. et al. 2019. Microperimetry in age-related macular degeneration: an evidence-base for Pattern Deviation probability analysis in microperimetry. Translational Vision Science & Technology 8 (6) 48. (10.1167/tvst.8.6.48)
- Dunn, M. J. et al. 2019. An automated segmentation approach to calibrating infantile nystagmus waveforms. Behavior Research Methods 51 (5), pp.2074-2084. (10.3758/s13428-018-1178-5)
- Morny, E. K. A. et al. 2019. The relationship between the photopic negative response and retinal ganglion cell topography. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 60 (6), pp.1879-1887. (10.1167/iovs.18-25272)
- Nollett, C. et al. 2019. Depressive symptoms in people with a vision impairment: A cross-sectional study to identify who is most at risk. BMJ Open 9 (1) e026163. (10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026163)
2018
- Cassels, N. et al. 2018. The use of microperimetry in assessing visual function in age-related macular degeneration. Survey of Ophthalmology 63 (1), pp.40-55. (10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.05.007)
- Robinson, D. G. et al. 2018. Low-level night-time light-therapy for age-related macular degeneration: a randomized clinical trial. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 59 (11), pp.4531-4541. (10.1167/iovs.18-24284)
- Robinson, G. et al. 2018. An evaluation of a battery of functional and structural tests as predictors of likely risk of progression of age-related macular degeneration. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 60 , pp.580-589. (10.1167/iovs.18-25092)
2017
- Dunn, M. et al. 2017. The effect of gaze angle on visual acuity in infantile nystagmus. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 58 (1), pp.642-650. (10.1167/iovs.16-20370)
- Ravenscroft, D. et al., 2017. AMD classification in choroidal OCT using hierarchical texton mining. Presented at: ACIVS 2017 Antwerp, Belgium 18-21 Sep 2017. Published in: Blanc-Talon, J. et al., Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems. Vol. 10617.Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence Cham, Switzerland: Springer. , pp.237-248. (10.1007/978-3-319-70353-4_21)
2016
- Acton, J. H. et al. 2016. Effect of rehabilitation worker input on visual function outcomes in individuals with low vision: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 17 105. (10.1186/s13063-016-1235-2)
- Acton, J. H. et al. 2016. Effect of a home visit-based low vision rehabilitation intervention on visual function outcomes: an exploratory randomized controlled trial. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 57 (15), pp.6662-6667. (10.1167/iovs.16-19901)
- Deng, J. et al., 2016. Age-related macular degeneration detection and stage classification using choroidal OCT images. Presented at: ICIAR 2016 Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal 13-15 Jul 2016. Published in: Campilho, A. and Karray, F. eds. Image Analysis and Recognition: ICIAR 2016. Vol. 9730.Lecture Notes in Computer Science Cham, Switzerland: Springer Verlag. , pp.707-715. (10.1007/978-3-319-41501-7_79)
- Nollett, C. et al. 2016. High prevalence of untreated depression in patients accessing low-vision services. Ophthalmology 123 (2), pp.440-441. (10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.07.009)
- Nollett, C. L. et al. 2016. Depression in Visual Impairment Trial (DEPVIT): a randomized clinical trial of depression treatments in people with low vision. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 57 (10), pp.4247-4254. (10.1167/iovs.16-19345)
- Terry, L. et al. 2016. Automated Retinal Layer Segmentation Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography: Evaluation of Inter-Session Repeatability and Agreement between Devices. Plos One 11 (9) e0162001. (10.1371/journal.pone.0162001)
- van der Aa, H. et al., 2016. Psychosocial interventions to improve mental health in adults with vision impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmic And Physiological Optics 36 (5), pp.584-606. (10.1111/opo.12313)
2015
- Dunn, M. et al. 2015. Visual processing in infantile nystagmus is not slow. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 56 (9), pp.5094-5101. (10.1167/iovs.15-16977)
- Morny, E. K. A. et al. 2015. Electrophysiological ON and OFF responses in autosomal dominant optic atrophy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 56 (13), pp.7629-7637. (10.1167/iovs.15-17951)
- van der Aa, H. P. A. et al., 2015. Stepped care for depression and anxiety in visually impaired older adults: multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ 351 h6127. (10.1136/bmj.h6127)
2014
- Dunn, M. J. et al. 2014. Grating visual acuity in infantile nystagmus in the absence of image motion. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 55 (4), pp.2682-2686. (10.1167/iovs.13-13455)
- Dunn, M. et al. 2014. Author response: grating visual acuity in infantile nystagmus in the absence of image motion. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 55 (8), pp.4955-4957. (10.1167/iovs.14-15070)
- Gaffney, A. J. , Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2014. Measurement of cone dark adaptation: a comparison of four psychophysical methods. Documenta Ophthalmologica 128 (1), pp.33-41. (10.1007/s10633-013-9418-6)
- Gaffney, A. J. et al. 2014. How effective is eccentric viewing training? A systematic literature review. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 34 (4), pp.427-437. (10.1111/opo.12132)
- McKeague, C. et al. 2014. Low-level night-time light therapy for age-related macular degeneration (ALight): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 15 246. (10.1186/1745-6215-15-246)
- Wood, A. , Margrain, T. H. and Binns, A. 2014. Detection of Early Age-related macular degeneration using novel functional parameters of the focal cone electroretinogram. PLoS ONE 9 (5) e96742. (10.1371/journal.pone.0096742)
2013
- Gaffney, A. J. , Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2013. The effect of pre-adapting light intensity on dark adaptation in early age-related macular degeneration. Documenta Ophthalmologica 127 (3), pp.191-199. (10.1007/s10633-013-9400-3)
- Jones, P. H. et al. 2013. Stress and visual function in infantile nystagmus syndrome. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 54 (13), pp.7943-7951. (10.1167/iovs.13-12560)
- van der Aa, H. P. A. et al., 2013. Stepped-care to prevent depression and anxiety in visually impaired older adults - design of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 13 209. (10.1186/1471-244X-13-209)
2012
- Binns, A. et al. 2012. How effective is low vision service provision? A systematic review. Survey of Ophthalmology 57 (1), pp.34-65. (10.1016/j.survophthal.2011.06.006)
- Gaffney, A. J. , Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2012. Aging and cone dark adaptation. Optometry and Vision Science 89 (8), pp.1219-1224. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e318263c6b1)
- Jones, P. H. et al. 2012. The impact of stress on visual performance in congenital nystagmus. In: Harris, C. M. , Gottlob, I. and Sanders, J. eds. The Challenge of Nystagmus. Nystagmus Network. , pp.239-260.
- Khadka, J. et al., 2012. Listening to voices of children with a visual impairment: A focus group study. British Journal of Visual Impairment 30 (3), pp.182-196. (10.1177/0264619612453105)
- Margrain, T. , Smith, D. and Nollett, C. 2012. Depression and Vision Loss in Ageing. Optometry in Practice 13 (2)
- Margrain, T. H. et al. 2012. The depression in Visual Impairment Trial (DEPVIT): trial design and protocol. BMC Psychiatry 12 (1) 57. (10.1186/1471-244X-12-57)
2011
- Court, H. J. et al. 2011. How effective is the new community-based Welsh low vision service?. British Journal of Ophthalmology 95 (2), pp.178-184. (10.1136/bjo.2010.179606)
- Dickinson, C. et al., 2011. A profile of low vision services in England: the Low Vision Service Model Evaluation (LOVSME) project [Editorial]. Eye 25 (7), pp.829-831. (10.1038/eye.2011.112)
- Gaffney, A. J. , Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2011. The repeatability of the Goldmann-Weekers adaptometer for measuring cone adaptation. Documenta Ophthalmologica 122 (2), pp.71-75. (10.1007/s10633-011-9261-6)
- Gaffney, A. J. , Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2011. Topography of Cone Dark Adaptation Deficits in Age-Related Maculopathy. Optometry and Vision Science 88 (9), pp.1080-1087. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e3182223697)
- Wood, A. et al. 2011. Retinal and choroidal thickness in early age-related macular degeneration. American Journal of Ophthalmology 152 (6), pp.1030-1038. (10.1016/j.ajo.2011.05.021)
- Wood, A. , Margrain, T. H. and Binns, A. 2011. The effect of bleach duration and age on the ERG photostress test. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 249 (9), pp.1359-1365. (10.1007/s00417-011-1627-7)
2010
- Court, H. , Greenland, K. and Margrain, T. H. 2010. Measuring patient anxiety in primary care: Rasch analysis of the 6-item Spielberger State Anxiety Scale. Value In Health 13 (6), pp.813-819. (10.1111/j.1524-4733.2010.00758.x)
- Khadka, J. et al. 2010. Development of the 25-item Cardiff Visual Ability Questionnaire for Children (CVAQC). British Journal of Ophthalmology 94 (6), pp.730-735. (10.1136/bjo.2009.171181)
- Kolarik, A. J. , Margrain, T. H. and Freeman, T. C. A. 2010. Precision and accuracy of ocular following: influence of age and type of eye movement. Experimental Brain Research 201 (2), pp.271-282. (10.1007/s00221-009-2036-6)
- O'Connor, E. , Margrain, T. H. and Freeman, T. C. A. 2010. Age, eye movement and motion discrimination. Vision Research 50 (23), pp.2588-2599. (10.1016/j.visres.2010.08.015)
- Ryan, B. and Margrain, T. H. 2010. Registration for people with sight impairment: Fit for purpose?. British Journal of Ophthalmology 94 (12), pp.1692-1693. (10.1136/bjo.2009.178558)
- Ryan, B. and Margrain, T. H. 2010. Research findings no 28: All Wales visual impairment database. Project Report.London, UK: Thomas Pocklington Trust.
- Ryan, B. et al. 2010. Occasional paper no 24: All Wales visual impairment database. Project Report.London, UK: Thomas Pocklington Trust.
- Ryan, B. et al. 2010. The newly established primary care based Welsh Low Vision Service is effective and has improved access to low vision services in Wales. Ophthalmic And Physiological Optics 30 (4), pp.358-364. (10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00729.x)
2009
- Carson, D. , Margrain, T. H. and Patel, A. 2009. Reply: Lipofuscin phototoxicity: Reality or myth? [Letter]. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 35 (8), pp.1479-1480. (10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.03.032)
- Carson, D. , Margrain, T. H. and Patel, A. 2009. Reply: Refractive error and age-related lipofuscin accumulation-mediated retinal phototoxicity. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 35 (7), pp.1321-1322. (10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.02.021)
- Carson, D. , Margrain, T. H. and Patel, A. 2009. Reply: Retinal phototoxicity in the aging pseudophakic and phakic eye [Letter]. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 35 (2), pp.210-211. (10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.11.017)
- Court, H. , Greenland, K. and Margrain, T. H. 2009. Predicting state anxiety in optometric practice. Optometry and Vision Science 86 (11), pp.1295-1302. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181bb4212)
- Court, H. J. , Greenland, K. and Margrain, T. H. 2009. Evaluating the association between anxiety and satisfaction. Optometry and Vision Science 86 (3), pp.216-221. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e318196cf59)
- Tumlinson, A. R. et al. 2009. Techniques for extraction of depth-resolved in vivo human retinal intrinsic optical signals with optical coherence tomography. Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 53 (4), pp.315-326. (10.1007/s10384-009-0684-5)
2008
- Carson, D. , Margrain, T. h. and Patel, A. 2008. New approach to evaluate retinal protection by intraocular lenses against age-related lipofuscin accumulation-mediated retinal phototoxicity. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 34 (10), pp.1785-1792. (10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.06.034)
- Court, H. , Greenland, K. and Margrain, T. H. 2008. Evaluating patient anxiety levels during contact lens fitting. Optometry and Vision Science 85 (7), pp.574-580. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e31817dad7a)
- Khadka, J. et al. 2008. Focusing children in focus groups [Abstract]. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 28 (1), pp.99-99. (10.1111/j.1475-1313.2007.00530_11.x)
- Kolarik, A. J. , Freeman, T. C. A. and Margrain, T. H. 2008. Age and eye movement [Abstract]. Perception 37 (2), pp.314-314. (10.1068/ava07)
- Ryan, B. , Court, H. J. and Margrain, T. H. 2008. Measuring low vision service outcomes: Rasch Analysis of the seven-item National Eye Institute visual function questionnaire. Optometry and Vision Science 85 (2), pp.112-121. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e31816225dc)
2007
- Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2007. Evaluating Retinal Function in Age-Related Maculopathy with the ERG Photostress Test. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 48 (6), pp.2806-2813. (10.1167/iovs.06-0392)
- Court, H. , Greenland, K. and Margrain, T. H. 2007. Content development of the optometric patient anxiety scale. Optometry and Vision Science 84 (8), pp.729-744. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e31812f7361)
- Wiggins, D. et al. 2007. Infantile nystagmus adapts to visual demand. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 48 (5), pp.2089-2094. (10.1167/iovs.06-1108)
2006
- Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2006. Development of a technique for recording the focal rod ERG. Ophtalmic and physiological optics 26 (1), pp.71-79. (10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00355.x)
2005
- Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2005. Evaluation of retinal function using the Dynamic Focal Cone ERG. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 25 (6), pp.492-500. (10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00338.x)
- Margrain, T. H. , Ryan, B. and Wild, J. M. 2005. A revolution in Welsh low vision service provision. British Journal of Ophthalmology 89 (8), pp.933-934. (10.1136/bjo.2005.066142)
- Qin, X. et al., 2005. Anisometropia is independently associated with both spherical and cylindrical ametropia. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46 (11), pp.4024-4031. (10.1167/iovs.05-0120)
2004
- Margrain, T. H. et al. 2004. Do blue light filters confer protection against age-related macular degeneration?. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 23 (5), pp.523-531. (10.1016/j.preteyeres.2004.05.001)
- Margrain, T. H. , Court, H. and Greenland, K. 2004. Content development of the optometric patient anxiety scale. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 23 (5), pp.523-531.
2003
- Margrain, T. H. , Greenland, K. and Anderson, J. 2003. Evaluating anxiety in patients attending optometric practice. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 23 (4), pp.287-293. (10.1046/j.1475-1313.2003.00118.x)
2002
- Freeman, T. C. A. , Naji, J. J. and Margrain, T. H. 2002. Head-centred motion perception in the ageing visual system. Spatial Vision 15 (2), pp.117-127. (10.1163/15685680252875110)
- Margrain, T. H. and Thomson, D. 2002. Sources of variability in the clinical photostress test. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 22 (1), pp.61-67. (10.1046/j.1475-1313.2002.00005.x)
2000
- Margrain, T. H. 2000. Helping blind and partially sighted people to read: the effectiveness of low vision aids [Letter]. British Journal of Ophthalmology 84 (8), pp.919-921. (10.1136/bjo.84.8.919)
1999
- Margrain, T. H. 1999. Minimising the impact of visual impairment: Low vision aids are a simple way of alleviating impairment [Editorial]. BMJ 318 (7197), pp.1504.
1997
- Margrain, T. H. and Thomson, W. D. 1997. Recovery of spatial vision during dark adaptation in normal subjects. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 17 (6), pp.509-515. (10.1046/j.1475-1313.1997.97000331.x)
- Owen, C. G. , Margrain, T. H. and Woodward, E. G. 1997. Use of contact lenses by firefighters. Part 1: Questionnaire data. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 17 (2), pp.102-111. (10.1046/j.1475-1313.1997.96000592.x)
- Owen, C. G. , Margrain, T. H. and Woodward, E. G. 1997. Use of contact lenses by firefighters: Part 2. Clinical evaluation. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 17 (3), pp.205-215. (10.1111/j.1475-1313.1997.opo_021.x)
1996
- Margrain, T. H. , Birch, J. and Owen, C. G. 1996. Colour vision requirements of firefighters. Occupational Medicine 46 (2), pp.114-124. (10.1093/occmed/46.2.114)
- Margrain, T. H. and Owen, C. 1996. The misting characteristics of spectacle lenses. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 16 (2), pp.108-114. (10.1046/j.1475-1313.1996.95000232.x)
- Margrain, T. H. , Owen, C. G. and Woodward, E. G. 1996. Prevalence of spectacle and contact lens wear in the UK fire service. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 16 (1), pp.11-18. (10.1046/j.1475-1313.1996.95000089.x)
1995
- Owen, C. G. , Margrain, T. H. and Woodward, E. G. 1995. Aetiology and prevalence of eye injuries within the United Kingdom fire service. Eye 9 (6S), pp.54-58.
1994
- Margrain, T. H. and Birch, J. 1994. A suitable study to evaluate colour vision requirements for firefighters?. Occupational Medicine 44 (5), pp.257-258. (10.1093/occmed/44.5.257)
Articles
- Acton, J. H. et al. 2016. Effect of rehabilitation worker input on visual function outcomes in individuals with low vision: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 17 105. (10.1186/s13063-016-1235-2)
- Acton, J. H. et al. 2016. Effect of a home visit-based low vision rehabilitation intervention on visual function outcomes: an exploratory randomized controlled trial. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 57 (15), pp.6662-6667. (10.1167/iovs.16-19901)
- Binns, A. et al. 2012. How effective is low vision service provision? A systematic review. Survey of Ophthalmology 57 (1), pp.34-65. (10.1016/j.survophthal.2011.06.006)
- Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2006. Development of a technique for recording the focal rod ERG. Ophtalmic and physiological optics 26 (1), pp.71-79. (10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00355.x)
- Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2007. Evaluating Retinal Function in Age-Related Maculopathy with the ERG Photostress Test. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 48 (6), pp.2806-2813. (10.1167/iovs.06-0392)
- Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2005. Evaluation of retinal function using the Dynamic Focal Cone ERG. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 25 (6), pp.492-500. (10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00338.x)
- Callaghan, T. , Margrain, T. H. and Binns, A. M. 2020. The effect of systemic hyperoxia and hypoxia on scotopic thresholds in people with early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Current Eye Research 45 (10), pp.1273-1282. (10.1080/02713683.2020.1739315)
- Carson, D. , Margrain, T. h. and Patel, A. 2008. New approach to evaluate retinal protection by intraocular lenses against age-related lipofuscin accumulation-mediated retinal phototoxicity. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 34 (10), pp.1785-1792. (10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.06.034)
- Carson, D. , Margrain, T. H. and Patel, A. 2009. Reply: Lipofuscin phototoxicity: Reality or myth? [Letter]. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 35 (8), pp.1479-1480. (10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.03.032)
- Carson, D. , Margrain, T. H. and Patel, A. 2009. Reply: Refractive error and age-related lipofuscin accumulation-mediated retinal phototoxicity. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 35 (7), pp.1321-1322. (10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.02.021)
- Carson, D. , Margrain, T. H. and Patel, A. 2009. Reply: Retinal phototoxicity in the aging pseudophakic and phakic eye [Letter]. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 35 (2), pp.210-211. (10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.11.017)
- Cassels, N. et al. 2018. The use of microperimetry in assessing visual function in age-related macular degeneration. Survey of Ophthalmology 63 (1), pp.40-55. (10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.05.007)
- Cassels, N. K. et al. 2019. Microperimetry in age-related macular degeneration: an evidence-base for Pattern Deviation probability analysis in microperimetry. Translational Vision Science & Technology 8 (6) 48. (10.1167/tvst.8.6.48)
- Court, H. , Greenland, K. and Margrain, T. H. 2007. Content development of the optometric patient anxiety scale. Optometry and Vision Science 84 (8), pp.729-744. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e31812f7361)
- Court, H. , Greenland, K. and Margrain, T. H. 2008. Evaluating patient anxiety levels during contact lens fitting. Optometry and Vision Science 85 (7), pp.574-580. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e31817dad7a)
- Court, H. , Greenland, K. and Margrain, T. H. 2010. Measuring patient anxiety in primary care: Rasch analysis of the 6-item Spielberger State Anxiety Scale. Value In Health 13 (6), pp.813-819. (10.1111/j.1524-4733.2010.00758.x)
- Court, H. , Greenland, K. and Margrain, T. H. 2009. Predicting state anxiety in optometric practice. Optometry and Vision Science 86 (11), pp.1295-1302. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181bb4212)
- Court, H. J. , Greenland, K. and Margrain, T. H. 2009. Evaluating the association between anxiety and satisfaction. Optometry and Vision Science 86 (3), pp.216-221. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e318196cf59)
- Court, H. J. et al. 2011. How effective is the new community-based Welsh low vision service?. British Journal of Ophthalmology 95 (2), pp.178-184. (10.1136/bjo.2010.179606)
- Dickinson, C. et al., 2011. A profile of low vision services in England: the Low Vision Service Model Evaluation (LOVSME) project [Editorial]. Eye 25 (7), pp.829-831. (10.1038/eye.2011.112)
- Dunn, M. J. et al. 2019. An automated segmentation approach to calibrating infantile nystagmus waveforms. Behavior Research Methods 51 (5), pp.2074-2084. (10.3758/s13428-018-1178-5)
- Dunn, M. J. et al. 2014. Grating visual acuity in infantile nystagmus in the absence of image motion. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 55 (4), pp.2682-2686. (10.1167/iovs.13-13455)
- Dunn, M. et al. 2017. The effect of gaze angle on visual acuity in infantile nystagmus. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 58 (1), pp.642-650. (10.1167/iovs.16-20370)
- Dunn, M. et al. 2014. Author response: grating visual acuity in infantile nystagmus in the absence of image motion. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 55 (8), pp.4955-4957. (10.1167/iovs.14-15070)
- Dunn, M. et al. 2015. Visual processing in infantile nystagmus is not slow. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 56 (9), pp.5094-5101. (10.1167/iovs.15-16977)
- Freeman, T. C. A. , Naji, J. J. and Margrain, T. H. 2002. Head-centred motion perception in the ageing visual system. Spatial Vision 15 (2), pp.117-127. (10.1163/15685680252875110)
- Gaffney, A. J. , Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2012. Aging and cone dark adaptation. Optometry and Vision Science 89 (8), pp.1219-1224. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e318263c6b1)
- Gaffney, A. J. , Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2014. Measurement of cone dark adaptation: a comparison of four psychophysical methods. Documenta Ophthalmologica 128 (1), pp.33-41. (10.1007/s10633-013-9418-6)
- Gaffney, A. J. , Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2013. The effect of pre-adapting light intensity on dark adaptation in early age-related macular degeneration. Documenta Ophthalmologica 127 (3), pp.191-199. (10.1007/s10633-013-9400-3)
- Gaffney, A. J. , Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2011. The repeatability of the Goldmann-Weekers adaptometer for measuring cone adaptation. Documenta Ophthalmologica 122 (2), pp.71-75. (10.1007/s10633-011-9261-6)
- Gaffney, A. J. , Binns, A. and Margrain, T. H. 2011. Topography of Cone Dark Adaptation Deficits in Age-Related Maculopathy. Optometry and Vision Science 88 (9), pp.1080-1087. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e3182223697)
- Gaffney, A. J. et al. 2014. How effective is eccentric viewing training? A systematic literature review. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 34 (4), pp.427-437. (10.1111/opo.12132)
- Htike, H. M. et al. 2020. Ability of head-mounted display technology to improve mobility in people with low vision: a systematic review. Translational Vision Science & Technology 9 (10) 26. (10.1167/tvst.9.10.26)
- Jones, P. H. et al. 2013. Stress and visual function in infantile nystagmus syndrome. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 54 (13), pp.7943-7951. (10.1167/iovs.13-12560)
- Khadka, J. et al. 2010. Development of the 25-item Cardiff Visual Ability Questionnaire for Children (CVAQC). British Journal of Ophthalmology 94 (6), pp.730-735. (10.1136/bjo.2009.171181)
- Khadka, J. et al., 2012. Listening to voices of children with a visual impairment: A focus group study. British Journal of Visual Impairment 30 (3), pp.182-196. (10.1177/0264619612453105)
- Khadka, J. et al. 2008. Focusing children in focus groups [Abstract]. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 28 (1), pp.99-99. (10.1111/j.1475-1313.2007.00530_11.x)
- Kolarik, A. J. , Freeman, T. C. A. and Margrain, T. H. 2008. Age and eye movement [Abstract]. Perception 37 (2), pp.314-314. (10.1068/ava07)
- Kolarik, A. J. , Margrain, T. H. and Freeman, T. C. A. 2010. Precision and accuracy of ocular following: influence of age and type of eye movement. Experimental Brain Research 201 (2), pp.271-282. (10.1007/s00221-009-2036-6)
- Margrain, T. , Smith, D. and Nollett, C. 2012. Depression and Vision Loss in Ageing. Optometry in Practice 13 (2)
- Margrain, T. H. 2000. Helping blind and partially sighted people to read: the effectiveness of low vision aids [Letter]. British Journal of Ophthalmology 84 (8), pp.919-921. (10.1136/bjo.84.8.919)
- Margrain, T. H. 1999. Minimising the impact of visual impairment: Low vision aids are a simple way of alleviating impairment [Editorial]. BMJ 318 (7197), pp.1504.
- Margrain, T. H. and Birch, J. 1994. A suitable study to evaluate colour vision requirements for firefighters?. Occupational Medicine 44 (5), pp.257-258. (10.1093/occmed/44.5.257)
- Margrain, T. H. , Birch, J. and Owen, C. G. 1996. Colour vision requirements of firefighters. Occupational Medicine 46 (2), pp.114-124. (10.1093/occmed/46.2.114)
- Margrain, T. H. et al. 2004. Do blue light filters confer protection against age-related macular degeneration?. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 23 (5), pp.523-531. (10.1016/j.preteyeres.2004.05.001)
- Margrain, T. H. , Court, H. and Greenland, K. 2004. Content development of the optometric patient anxiety scale. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 23 (5), pp.523-531.
- Margrain, T. H. , Greenland, K. and Anderson, J. 2003. Evaluating anxiety in patients attending optometric practice. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 23 (4), pp.287-293. (10.1046/j.1475-1313.2003.00118.x)
- Margrain, T. H. et al. 2012. The depression in Visual Impairment Trial (DEPVIT): trial design and protocol. BMC Psychiatry 12 (1) 57. (10.1186/1471-244X-12-57)
- Margrain, T. H. and Owen, C. 1996. The misting characteristics of spectacle lenses. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 16 (2), pp.108-114. (10.1046/j.1475-1313.1996.95000232.x)
- Margrain, T. H. , Owen, C. G. and Woodward, E. G. 1996. Prevalence of spectacle and contact lens wear in the UK fire service. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 16 (1), pp.11-18. (10.1046/j.1475-1313.1996.95000089.x)
- Margrain, T. H. , Ryan, B. and Wild, J. M. 2005. A revolution in Welsh low vision service provision. British Journal of Ophthalmology 89 (8), pp.933-934. (10.1136/bjo.2005.066142)
- Margrain, T. H. and Thomson, D. 2002. Sources of variability in the clinical photostress test. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 22 (1), pp.61-67. (10.1046/j.1475-1313.2002.00005.x)
- Margrain, T. H. and Thomson, W. D. 1997. Recovery of spatial vision during dark adaptation in normal subjects. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 17 (6), pp.509-515. (10.1046/j.1475-1313.1997.97000331.x)
- Margrain, T. H. et al. 2020. Functional imaging of the outer retinal complex using high fidelity imaging retinal densitometry. Scientific Reports 10 4494. (10.1038/s41598-020-60660-9)
- McKeague, C. et al. 2014. Low-level night-time light therapy for age-related macular degeneration (ALight): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 15 246. (10.1186/1745-6215-15-246)
- Morny, E. K. A. et al. 2015. Electrophysiological ON and OFF responses in autosomal dominant optic atrophy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 56 (13), pp.7629-7637. (10.1167/iovs.15-17951)
- Morny, E. K. A. et al. 2019. The relationship between the photopic negative response and retinal ganglion cell topography. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 60 (6), pp.1879-1887. (10.1167/iovs.18-25272)
- Nollett, C. et al. 2016. High prevalence of untreated depression in patients accessing low-vision services. Ophthalmology 123 (2), pp.440-441. (10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.07.009)
- Nollett, C. et al. 2025. Involving stakeholders in designing a mental health curriculum for staff in the vision impairment sector. British Journal of Visual Impairment 43 (3), pp.882-894. (10.1177/02646196241250210)
- Nollett, C. et al. 2019. Depressive symptoms in people with a vision impairment: A cross-sectional study to identify who is most at risk. BMJ Open 9 (1) e026163. (10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026163)
- Nollett, C. L. et al. 2016. Depression in Visual Impairment Trial (DEPVIT): a randomized clinical trial of depression treatments in people with low vision. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 57 (10), pp.4247-4254. (10.1167/iovs.16-19345)
- O'Connor, E. , Margrain, T. H. and Freeman, T. C. A. 2010. Age, eye movement and motion discrimination. Vision Research 50 (23), pp.2588-2599. (10.1016/j.visres.2010.08.015)
- Owen, C. G. , Margrain, T. H. and Woodward, E. G. 1995. Aetiology and prevalence of eye injuries within the United Kingdom fire service. Eye 9 (6S), pp.54-58.
- Owen, C. G. , Margrain, T. H. and Woodward, E. G. 1997. Use of contact lenses by firefighters. Part 1: Questionnaire data. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 17 (2), pp.102-111. (10.1046/j.1475-1313.1997.96000592.x)
- Owen, C. G. , Margrain, T. H. and Woodward, E. G. 1997. Use of contact lenses by firefighters: Part 2. Clinical evaluation. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 17 (3), pp.205-215. (10.1111/j.1475-1313.1997.opo_021.x)
- Pattni, K. et al. 2024. Visual pigment concentration and photoreceptor outer segment length in the human retina. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 44 (5), pp.917-924. (10.1111/opo.13307)
- Qin, X. et al., 2005. Anisometropia is independently associated with both spherical and cylindrical ametropia. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46 (11), pp.4024-4031. (10.1167/iovs.05-0120)
- Robinson, D. G. et al. 2018. Low-level night-time light-therapy for age-related macular degeneration: a randomized clinical trial. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 59 (11), pp.4531-4541. (10.1167/iovs.18-24284)
- Robinson, G. et al. 2018. An evaluation of a battery of functional and structural tests as predictors of likely risk of progression of age-related macular degeneration. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 60 , pp.580-589. (10.1167/iovs.18-25092)
- Ryan, B. , Court, H. J. and Margrain, T. H. 2008. Measuring low vision service outcomes: Rasch Analysis of the seven-item National Eye Institute visual function questionnaire. Optometry and Vision Science 85 (2), pp.112-121. (10.1097/OPX.0b013e31816225dc)
- Ryan, B. and Margrain, T. H. 2010. Registration for people with sight impairment: Fit for purpose?. British Journal of Ophthalmology 94 (12), pp.1692-1693. (10.1136/bjo.2009.178558)
- Ryan, B. et al. 2010. The newly established primary care based Welsh Low Vision Service is effective and has improved access to low vision services in Wales. Ophthalmic And Physiological Optics 30 (4), pp.358-364. (10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00729.x)
- Terry, L. et al. 2016. Automated Retinal Layer Segmentation Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography: Evaluation of Inter-Session Repeatability and Agreement between Devices. Plos One 11 (9) e0162001. (10.1371/journal.pone.0162001)
- Tumlinson, A. R. et al. 2009. Techniques for extraction of depth-resolved in vivo human retinal intrinsic optical signals with optical coherence tomography. Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 53 (4), pp.315-326. (10.1007/s10384-009-0684-5)
- van der Aa, H. P. A. et al., 2015. Stepped care for depression and anxiety in visually impaired older adults: multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ 351 h6127. (10.1136/bmj.h6127)
- van der Aa, H. P. A. et al., 2013. Stepped-care to prevent depression and anxiety in visually impaired older adults - design of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 13 209. (10.1186/1471-244X-13-209)
- van der Aa, H. et al., 2016. Psychosocial interventions to improve mental health in adults with vision impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmic And Physiological Optics 36 (5), pp.584-606. (10.1111/opo.12313)
- Wiggins, D. et al. 2007. Infantile nystagmus adapts to visual demand. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 48 (5), pp.2089-2094. (10.1167/iovs.06-1108)
- Wood, A. et al. 2011. Retinal and choroidal thickness in early age-related macular degeneration. American Journal of Ophthalmology 152 (6), pp.1030-1038. (10.1016/j.ajo.2011.05.021)
- Wood, A. , Margrain, T. H. and Binns, A. 2014. Detection of Early Age-related macular degeneration using novel functional parameters of the focal cone electroretinogram. PLoS ONE 9 (5) e96742. (10.1371/journal.pone.0096742)
- Wood, A. , Margrain, T. H. and Binns, A. 2011. The effect of bleach duration and age on the ERG photostress test. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 249 (9), pp.1359-1365. (10.1007/s00417-011-1627-7)
Book sections
- Jones, P. H. et al. 2012. The impact of stress on visual performance in congenital nystagmus. In: Harris, C. M. , Gottlob, I. and Sanders, J. eds. The Challenge of Nystagmus. Nystagmus Network. , pp.239-260.
Conferences
- Deng, J. et al., 2016. Age-related macular degeneration detection and stage classification using choroidal OCT images. Presented at: ICIAR 2016 Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal 13-15 Jul 2016. Published in: Campilho, A. and Karray, F. eds. Image Analysis and Recognition: ICIAR 2016. Vol. 9730.Lecture Notes in Computer Science Cham, Switzerland: Springer Verlag. , pp.707-715. (10.1007/978-3-319-41501-7_79)
- Eslambolchilar, P. et al. 2021. Augmented reality glasses as a mobility aid for people with low vision: a feasibility study of experiences and requirements. Presented at: ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Yokohama, Japan 8-13 May 2021. CHI '21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM. , pp.729. (10.1145/3411764.3445327)
- Goddard, P. et al. 2024. Seeing art differently: design considerations to improve visual art engagement for people with low vision. Presented at: ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference Copenhagen, Denmark 1-5 July 2024. Published in: Vallgarda, A. et al., Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference. New York, US: ACM. , pp.2820-2832. (10.1145/3643834.3660675)
- Ravenscroft, D. et al., 2017. AMD classification in choroidal OCT using hierarchical texton mining. Presented at: ACIVS 2017 Antwerp, Belgium 18-21 Sep 2017. Published in: Blanc-Talon, J. et al., Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems. Vol. 10617.Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence Cham, Switzerland: Springer. , pp.237-248. (10.1007/978-3-319-70353-4_21)
Monographs
- Ryan, B. and Margrain, T. H. 2010. Research findings no 28: All Wales visual impairment database. Project Report.London, UK: Thomas Pocklington Trust.
- Ryan, B. et al. 2010. Occasional paper no 24: All Wales visual impairment database. Project Report.London, UK: Thomas Pocklington Trust.
Research
The development of new diagnostic technologies and therapeutics for early stage macular disease is my main research interest. Together with colleagues in our Macular Research Group I am involved in the following projects:
SAponins for MAcular DIsease (SAMADI)
With Dr Ashley Wood, Prof Marcela Votruba, Dr Rebecca Playle, Ms Claire Nollett, Dr Irene Ctori and Dr Alison Binns, this is a Clinical Trial of an Investigational Medicinal Product (triterpenoid saponins) for early and intermediate stage age-related macular degeneration. This Phase IIb trial is funded by AltRegen Co. Ltd, coordinated by the Centre for Trials Reseach and is taking place at Cardiff University and City University, London. Recruitment opens in October 2021. Dark adaptation metrics, including those from high fidelity Imaging Retinal Densitometry (IRD), are outcome measures.
High fidelity imaging densitometry: exploring the relationship between visual pigment kinetics, choroidal vasculature and sub-retinal drusenoid deposits in age-related macular degeneration
With Dr Ashley Wood this PhD studentship (Ms Vera Silva) funded by the Macular Society aims to establish: 1) the effect of age on IRD and OCTA results; 2) the relationship between outer-retinal function and choroidal vasculature in people with early stage AMD; 3) the relationship between IRD and conventional measures of dark adaptation and patient reported visual function.
Functional imaging of the outer retina using high fidelity imaging densitometry: exploring the relationship between visual pigment kinetics and AMD pathology
With Dr Ashley Wood this College of Optometrists funded PhD studentship (Ms Krishna Pattni) will use IRD to find out how drusen characteristics, including reticular pseudo drusen, effect visual pigment regeneration. We will test the hypothesis that cone pigment regeneration is selectively impaired by soft drusen and rod pigment regeneration by reticular pseudo drusen.
Utilising Augmented Reality (AR) To Improve Mobility In People With Low Vision
With Dr Parisa Eslambolchilar and Prof Yukun Lai from the School of Computer Science and support from Guide Dogs, Cardiff Institute for the Blind (CIB) and Sight Cymru this PhD studentship (Hein Htike) is developing an augmented reality device that can help people with low vision safely navigate their way around buildings and the built environment.
Biography
- 2000- MILT (Member of the Higher Education Academy).
- 1998- PhD (Visual Science) City University, London.
- 1987- MCOptom (Member of the College of Optometrists).
- 1986- BSc (Ophthalmic Optics, 2:1), Aston University.
Professional memberships
- Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
- General Optical Council
Academic positions
- 2018-date - Director of Research
- 2015-date - Chair
- 2010-2015 - Reader / Director of Innovation and Engagement, Cardiff University.
- 2005-2010 - Senior Lecturer / Clinical Director, Cardiff University.
- 2000-2005 - Lecturer (B) / Clinical Director, Cardiff University.
- 1997-2000 - Lecturer (A), Cardiff University.
- 1995-1996 - Research Fellow, City University, London.
- 1993-1995 - Research Assistant, City University, London.
Committees and reviewing
- 2014-2021 - Macular Society Reseach Committee
- 2012-2020 - Guide Dogs Strategic Research Advisory Committee
- 2010-2015 - National Institute for Social Care and Health Research (NISCHR), Wales Specialty Group Lead for Ophthalmology.
- 2010-2015 - National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Ophthalmology Speciality Group, Welsh Representative.
- 2011-2014 - Trial Advisor: Stepped-care to reduce depression and anxiety in visually impaired older adults - a randomized controlled trial.
Contact Details
[email protected]
+44 29208 76118
Optometry and Vision Sciences, Room Room 2.28, Maindy Road, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ
+44 29208 76118
Optometry and Vision Sciences, Room Room 2.28, Maindy Road, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ
