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Dr Emma Richards
(she/her)
- Available for postgraduate supervision
Teams and roles for Emma Richards
Senior Lecturer in Physical Chemistry and Director of Admissions and Recruitment
Overview
The research interests of the group focus on utilizing the powerful technique of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and associated hyperfine methodologies [e.g. Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR), Hyperfine Sublevel Correlation Spectroscopy (HYSCORE)), including Time-Resolved measurements in two main areas of activity:
- investigating electron transfer processes in inorganic reactions, focussing on the use of earth-abundant materials for sustainable chemical transformations;
- elucidating excited state properties and resulting redox events for photoactive organometallic complexes and organic compounds, for application in imaging devices and electron transport technologies.
The broad applicability of these methodologies is evidenced by their use in the wide range of chemical, physical, biological and earth sciences. We welcome enquiries from researchers seeking to develop collaborative opportunities.
The group is equipped with both continuous wave (CW) and Pulsed EPR/ENDOR facilities at X- and Q-band frequencies.
For more information, click on the 'Research' tab above.
Publication
2025
- Alotaibi, N. et al. 2025. B(C6F5)3 Catalyzed regiodivergent thioetherifications of alkenes via thiiranium intermediates: experimental and computational insights. Chemistry - A European Journal 31 (10) e202404236. (10.1002/chem.202404236)
- Bell, N. et al., 2025. A cobotic, digitally‐controlled Schlenk‐line unlocks access to elusive Lewis‐base stabilised copper bis(disilylamides). Angewandte Chemie International Edition 64 (33) e202505408. (10.1002/anie.202505408)
- Bell, N. L. et al., 2025. A cobotic, digitally controlled Schlenk‐line unlocks access to elusive Lewis‐base stabilised copper bis(disilylamides). Angewandte Chemie 137 (33) e202505408. (10.1002/ange.202505408)
- Douglas, G. J. , Richards, E. and Sproules, S. 2025. A self-assembled metallo-macrocycle two-qubit spin system. Chemical Communications 61 (4), pp.685-688. (10.1039/d4cc03859b)
- Leng, X. et al., 2025. Dual-emulsifier coated photocatalyst for H2O2 synthesis in emulsion via water oxidation. Advanced Science e17645. (10.1002/advs.202517645)
- Mai, Y. et al., 2025. Photocatalytic partial water oxidation promoted by a hydrogen acceptor-hydroxyl mediator couple. Advanced Science 12 (6) 2410680. (10.1002/advs.202410680)
- Silver, K. et al. 2025. A novel miniaturized benchtop EPR spectrometer based on sideband detection using a software-defined radio. Presented at: APMC 2024 Bali, Indonesia 17-20 November 2024. 2024 IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC). IEEE. , pp.814-816. (10.1109/apmc60911.2024.10867565)
- Xu, Q. et al., 2025. Photocatalytic partial water dissociation by protonated carbon nitride for hydrogenation reactions. Angewandte Chemie e202517281. (10.1002/anie.202517281)
2024
- Al Jomeh, G. A. S. et al., 2024. Mechanochemical Cu(ii) complexes and propargylamine synthetic adventures †. RSC Sustainability 2 (2), pp.528-535. (10.1039/d3su00315a)
- Alkhaibari, I. S. et al. 2024. Tuning excited state character in iridium(III) photosensitizers and its influence on TTA-UC. Inorganic Chemistry 63 (21), pp.9931-9940. (10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01003)
- Alotaibi, N. et al. 2024. B(C6F5)3-catalysed alkylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using α,β-unsaturated ketones. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 27 (12) e202400022. (10.1002/ejoc.202400022)
- Guerzoni, M. G. et al. 2024. An un-forgotten classic: the nitro-Mannich reaction between nitrones and silyl nitronates catalysed by B(C6F5)3 †. Chemical Science 15 (7)(10.1039/d3sc05672d)
- Liu, H. et al., 2024. Group 11 Bis(alumanyl)metallates. Organometallics 43 (23), pp.3074-3086. (10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00460)
- Liu, H. et al., 2024. [{SiNDipp}MgNa]2: A potent molecular reducing agent. Organometallics 43 (8), pp.879-888. (10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00076)
- Pahar, S. et al. 2024. Diverse reactivity of amidinate-supported boron centers with the hypersilyl anion and access to a monomeric secondary boron hydride. Inorganic Chemistry 63 (18), pp.8302–8311. (10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00612)
- Pocock, E. et al., 2024. Synthetic and mechanistic studies into the reductive functionalization of nitro compounds catalyzed by an Iion(salen) complex. Journal of the American Chemical Society 146 (29), pp.19839-19851. (10.1021/jacs.4c02797)
- Pramanik, M. et al. 2024. B(C6F5)3-catalyzed selective C-H chalcogenation of arenes and heteroarenes. Chem 10 (9), pp.2901-2915. (10.1016/j.chempr.2024.05.025)
- Rowsell, B. J. S. et al., 2024. The iron-catalysed Suzuki coupling of aryl chlorides. Nature Catalysis 7 , pp.1186-1198. (10.1038/s41929-024-01234-0)
2023
- Alotaibi, N. et al. 2023. B(3,4,5-F3H2C6)3 Lewis acid-catalysed C3-allylation of indoles. Dalton Transactions 52 (16)(10.1039/d3dt00745f)
- Han, F. et al., 2023. Copper cocatalyst modulated radical generation for selective heterogeneous photosynthesis of α‑haloketones. ACS Catalysis 13 (1), pp.248-255. (10.1021/acscatal.2c05189)
- Liu, H. et al., 2023. Reduction of Na+ within a {Mg2Na2} assembly. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62 (3) e202213670. (10.1002/anie.202213670)
- Magri, G. et al. 2023. An in-situ study of the thermal decomposition of 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) radical chemistry using a dual-mode EPR resonator. Research on Chemical Intermediates 49 , pp.289-305. (10.1007/s11164-022-04861-z)
- Pahar, S. et al. 2023. Flourishing reactivities of isocyanates and isothiocyanates using group 13 elements. Cell Reports Physical Science 4 (12) 101745. (10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101745)
- Pramanik, M. et al. 2023. Recent advances in asymmetric catalysis using p‐block elements. Angewandte Chemie International Edition e202316461. (10.1002/anie.202316461)
- Richards, E. and Melen, R. L. 2023. Carbenium catalysis toward β-carbolines. Chem Catalysis 3 (2) 100511. (10.1016/j.checat.2023.100511)
- Stefkova, K. et al. 2023. B(c6f5)3-catalyzed diastereoselective and divergent reactions of vinyldiazo esters with nitrones: synthesis of highly functionalized diazo compounds. Organic Letters 25 (3), pp.500-505. (10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04198)
- van der Zee, L. J. C. et al., 2023. Insights into single-electron-transfer processes in frustrated lewis pair chemistry and related donor-acceptor systems in main group chemistry. Chemical Reviews 123 (15), pp.9653-9675. (10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00217)
- Ye, J. et al., 2023. Heterogeneous photocatalytic recycling of FeX2/FeX3 for efficient halogenation of C−H bonds using NaX. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 62 (23) e202302994. (10.1002/anie.202302994)
2022
- Barter, M. et al. 2022. Design considerations of a dual mode X-band EPR resonator for rapid in-situ microwave heating. Applied Magnetic Resonance 53 , pp.861-874. (10.1007/s00723-022-01463-1)
- Dasgupta, A. et al. 2022. Chemo- and regio-selective amidation of indoles with isocyanates using borane Lewis acids. Catalysis Science & Technology 12 (19), pp.5982-5990. (10.1039/D2CY01441F)
- Dasgupta, A. , Richards, E. and Melen, R. L. 2022. Triarylborane catalyzed carbene transfer reactions using diazo precursors. ACS Catalysis 12 , pp.442-452. (10.1021/acscatal.1c04746)
- Dasgupta, A. et al. 2022. Lewis acid assisted Brønsted acid catalysed decarbonylation of Isocyanates: a combined DFT and experimental study. Chemistry - A European Journal 28 (45) e202201422. (10.1002/chem.202201422)
- Guerzoni, M. G. et al. 2022. Enantioselective applications of frustrated Lewis pairs in organic synthesis. Chem Catalysis 2 (11), pp.2865-2875. (10.1016/j.checat.2022.09.007)
- Sawicka, N. et al. 2022. Long-lived, near-IR emission from Cr(iii) under ambient conditions. Chemical Communications 58 (38), pp.5733-5736. (10.1039/D2CC01434C)
- Zhang, D. et al., 2022. Photocatalytic abstraction of hydrogen atoms from water using hydroxylated graphitic carbon nitride for hydrogenative coupling reactions. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 134 (24) e202204256. (10.1002/anie.202204256)
2021
- Ayan, D. , Richards, E. and Melen, R. 2021. Frustrated radical pairs: insights from EPR spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60 (1), pp.53-65. (10.1002/anie.202010633)
- Dasgupta, A. et al. 2021. Site-selective Csp3–Csp/Csp3–Csp2 cross-coupling reactions using frustrated Lewis pairs. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143 (11), pp.4451-4464. (10.1021/jacs.1c01622)
- Folli, A. et al. 2021. Probing the structure of copper(II)-casiopeina type coordination complexes [Cu(O-O)(N-N)]+ by EPR and ENDOR spectroscopy. Journal of Catalysis 394 , pp.220-227. (10.1016/j.jcat.2020.07.016)
- Nicholson, W. I. et al. 2021. Ball-milling-enabled reactivity of manganese metal. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60 (43), pp.23128-23133. (10.1002/anie.202108752)
- Woof, C. R. et al., 2021. Iron catalyzed double bond isomerization: evidence for an Fe I /Fe III catalytic cycle. Chemistry - A European Journal 27 (19), pp.5972-5977. (10.1002/chem.202004980)
- Wu, Q. et al., 2021. Inhibit the formation of toxic methylphenolic by-products in photo-decomposition of formaldehyde-toluene/xylene mixtures by Pd cocatalyst on TiO2. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 291 120118. (10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120118)
2020
- Folli, A. et al. 2020. A novel dual mode X-band EPR resonator for rapid in situ microwave heating. Journal of Magnetic Resonance 310 106644. (10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106644)
- Soltani, Y. et al. 2020. Radical reactivity of frustrated Lewis pairs with diaryl esters. Cell Reports Physical Science 1 (2)(10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100016)
- Wilson, A. S. S. et al., 2020. Calcium hydride reduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59 (3), pp.1232-1237. (10.1002/anie.201913895)
2019
- Hill, M. S. et al., 2019. Reduction of 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene by a molecular calcium hydride: an even electron polarised insertion/deprotonation mechanism. Chemical Communications 55 (40), pp.5732-5735. (10.1039/C9CC02418B)
- Luckham, S. L. J. et al. 2019. Unravelling the photochemical transformations of chromium(I) 1,3 Bis(diphenylphosphino), [Cr(CO)4(dppp)]+, by EPR spectroscopy. Organometallics 38 (12), pp.-. (10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00226)
- McGuire, J. et al., 2019. Enabling single qubit addressability in a molecular semiconductor comprising gold-supported organic radicals. Chemical Science 10 (5), pp.1483-1491. (10.1039/C8SC04500C)
- Richards, E. , Murphy, D. M. and Che, M. 2019. An EPR characterisation of stable and transient reactive oxygen species formed under radiative and non-radiative conditions. Research on Chemical Intermediates 45 (12), pp.5763-5779. (10.1007/s11164-019-04001-0)
2018
- Folli, A. et al. 2018. Improving the selectivity of photocatalytic NOx abatement through improved O2 reduction pathways using Ti0.909W0.091O2Nx semiconductor nanoparticles: from characterisation to photocatalytic performance. ACS Catalysis 8 (8), pp.6927-6938. (10.1021/acscatal.8b00521)
- McGuire, J. et al., 2018. Ligand radicals as modular organic electron spin qubits. Chemistry - A European Journal 24 (66), pp.17598-17605. (10.1002/chem.201804165)
- Regue, M. et al., 2018. Mo-doped TiO2 photoanodes using [Ti4Mo2O8(OEt)10]2 bimetallic oxo cages as a single source precursor. Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2 (12), pp.2674-2686. (10.1039/C8SE00372F)
- Spencer, J. et al. 2018. Applications of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy for interrogating catalytic systems. In: Chechik, V. and Murphy, D. M. eds. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. Vol. 26, Royal Society of Chemistry. , pp.130-170. (10.1039/9781788013888-00130)
2017
- Blackaby, W. J. M. et al., 2017. Mono- and dinuclear Ni(i) products formed upon bromide abstraction from the Ni(i) ring-expanded NHC complex [Ni(6-Mes)(PPh3)Br]. Dalton Transactions 47 (3), pp.769-782. (10.1039/C7DT04187J)
- Constantinides, C. P. et al., 2017. Effects of Halo-substitution on 2'-Chloro-5'-halo-phenyl-1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl Radicals: A Crystallographic, Magnetic and EPR Case Study. Crystal Growth and Design 17 (6), pp.3017-3029. (10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01700)
- Li, Y. et al., 2017. Trapping a silicon(I) radical with carbenes: a cationic cAAC-silicon(I) radical and an NHC-parent-silyliumylidene cation. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 56 (26), pp.7573-7578. (10.1002/anie.201702760)
- Ould, D. M. C. et al. 2017. Investigations into the photophysical and electronic properties of pnictoles and Their pnictenium counterparts. Organometallics 37 (5), pp.712-719. (10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00564)
- Ritterskamp, N. et al. 2017. Understanding the coordination modes of [Cu(acac)2(imidazole)n=1,2] adducts by EPR, ENDOR, HYSCORE, and DFT analysis. Inorganic Chemistry 56 (19), pp.11862-11875. (10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01874)
2016
- Chechik, V. , Carter, E. and Murphy, D. 2016. Electron paramagnetic resonance. Oxford Chemistry Primers Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Et-Tarhouni, Z. et al. 2016. Quantifying the micellar structure formed from hydrocarbon-fluorocarbon surfactants. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physiochemical and Engineering Aspects 492 , pp.255-262. (10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.12.015)
- Hallett, A. J. et al., 2016. Copper(II) complexes of pyridine-oxazoline (Pyox) ligands: coordination chemistry, ligand stability, and catalysis. Inorganica Chimica Acta 441 , pp.86-94. (10.1016/j.ica.2015.10.032)
- Su, R. et al., 2016. Mechanistic insight into the interaction between a titanium dioxide photocatalyst and Pd co-catalyst for improved photocatalytic performance. ACS Catalysis 6 (7), pp.4239-4247. (10.1021/acscatal.6b00982)
- Zhang, S. H. et al., 2016. Delocalized hypervalent silyl radical supported by amidinate and imino substituents. Inorganic Chemistry 56 (2), pp.701-704. (10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02427)
2015
- Carter, E. and Murphy, D. 2015. Homogeneous catalytic transformations investigated by EPR spectroscopy. In: Gilbert, B. C. , Chechik, V. and Murphy, D. eds. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. Vol. 24, Royal Society of Chemistry. , pp.148-193. (10.1039/9781782620280-00148)
- Carter, E. and Murphy, D. M. 2015. The role of low valent transition metal complexes in homogeneous catalysis: an EPR investigation. Topics in Catalysis 58 (12-13), pp.759-768. (10.1007/s11244-015-0417-6)
- Carter, E. et al. 2015. Structure determination of bound nitrogen-based adducts with copper(ii) acetylacetonato; an EPR, ENDOR and DFT study. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17 (17), pp.11445-11454. (10.1039/C5CP00559K)
2014
- Ambrose, L. J. A. et al., 2014. Investigating mitochondrial metabolism in contracting HL-1 cardiomyocytes following hypoxia and pharmacological HIF activation identifies HIF-dependent and independent mechanisms of regulation. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 19 (6), pp.574-585. (10.1177/1074248414524480)
- Bedford, R. B. et al., 2014. Expedient iron-catalyzed coupling of alkyl, benzyl and allyl halides with aylboronic esters. Chemistry - A European Journal 20 (26), pp.7935-7938. (10.1002/chem.201402174)
- Bedford, R. B. et al., 2014. Iron phosphine catalyzed cross-coupling of tetraorganoborates and related group 13 nucleophiles with alkyl halides. Organometallics 33 (20), pp.5767-5780. (10.1021/om500518r)
- Bedford, R. B. et al., 2014. Iron-catalyzed borylation of alkyl, allyl, and aryl halides: isolation of an iron(I) boryl complex. Organometallics 33 (21), pp.5940-5943. (10.1021/om500847j)
- Bedford, R. B. et al., 2014. TMEDA in iron-catalyzed Kumada coupling: amine adduct versus homoleptic "ate" complex formation. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 53 (7), pp.1804-1808. (10.1002/anie.201308395)
- Chia, S. et al., 2014. Group II metal complexes of the germylidendiide dianion radical and germylidenide anion. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 53 (32), pp.8455-8458. (10.1002/anie.201404357)
- Constantinides, C. P. et al., 2014. Weakening of the pi*-pi* dimerisation in 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl radicals: structural, EPR, magnetic and computational studies of dichlorophenyl dithiadiazolyls, Cl2C6H3CNSSN. Crystengcomm 16 (31), pp.7298-7312. (10.1039/C4CE00308J)
- Hicks, J. et al., 2014. A two-coordinate manganese(0) complex with an unsupported Mn-Mg bond: allowing access to low coordinate homo- and heterobimetallic compounds. Journal of the American Chemical Society 136 (14), pp.5283-5286. (10.1021/ja5021348)
- Meenakshisundaram, S. et al. 2014. The benzaldehyde oxidation paradox explained by the interception of peroxy radical by benzyl alcohol. Nature Communications 5 , pp... 3332. (10.1038/ncomms4332)
2013
- Bedford, R. B. et al., 2013. Simplifying iron-phosphine catalysts for cross-coupling reactions. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 52 (4), pp.1285-1288. (10.1002/anie.201207868)
- Carter, E. et al. 2013. Formation of [Cr(CO)x(Ph2PN(iPr)PPh2)]+Structural Isomers by Reaction of Triethylaluminum with a ChromiumN,N-Bis(diarylphosphino)amine Complex [Cr(CO)4(Ph2PN(iPr)PPh2)]+: An EPR and DFT Investigation. Organometallics 32 (6), pp.1924-1931. (10.1021/om400029y)
- Carter, E. et al. 2013. Structure, EPR/ENDOR and DFT characterisation of a [CuII(en)2](OTf)2 complex. Dalton Transactions 42 (42), pp.15088-15096. (10.1039/c3dt51694f)
- Constantinides, C. P. et al., 2013. Spin-triplet excitons in 1,3-diphenyl-7-(fur-2-yl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl. Chemical Communications 49 (77), pp.8662-8664. (10.1039/c3cc44899a)
- Griffiths, P. C. et al. 2013. Self-assembled PAA-based nanoparticles as potential gene and protein delivery systems. Macromolecular Bioscience 13 (5), pp.641-649. (10.1002/mabi.201200462)
- Mughal, S. et al. 2013. The tetratriptycenoporphyrazines revisited. Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 17 (08n09), pp.778-784. (10.1142/S1088424613500351)
- Page, M. J. et al., 2013. Three-coordinate nickel(I) complexes stabilised by six-, seven- and eight-membered ring N-heterocyclic carbenes: synthesis, EPR/DFT studies and catalytic activity. Chemistry - a European Journal 19 (6), pp.2158-2167. (10.1002/chem.201202950)
- Poulten, R. C. et al., 2013. Synthesis, electronic structure, and magnetism of [Ni(6-Mes)2]+: a two-coordinate nickel(I) complex stabilized by bulky N-heterocyclic carbenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 135 (37), pp.13640-13643. (10.1021/ja407004y)
- Sharples, K. M. et al. 2013. An ENDOR and DFT analysis of hindered methyl group rotations in frozen solutions of bis(acetylacetonato)-copper(ii). Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15 (36), pp.15214-15222. (10.1039/c3cp52464g)
2012
- Adams, C. J. et al. 2012. Iron(I) in Negishi cross-coupling reactions. Journal of the American Chemical Society 134 (25), pp.10333-10336. (10.1021/ja303250t)
- Owen, M. E. et al. 2012. Influence of counterions on the structure of bis(oxazoline) copper(II) complexes; an EPR and ENDOR investigation. Dalton Transactions 41 (36), pp.11085-11092. (10.1039/C2DT31273E)
- Stephen, E. et al., 2012. Redox non-innocence of thioether crowns: elucidation of the electronic structure of the mononuclear Pd(III) complexes [Pd([9]aneS3)2]3+and [Pd([18]aneS6)]3+. Inorganic Chemistry 51 (3), pp.1450-1461. (10.1021/ic2017006)
- Vinck, E. et al., 2012. Observation of an organic acid mediated spin state transition in a Co(II)-Schiff base complex: an EPR, HYSCORE, and DFT study. Inorganic Chemistry 51 (15), pp.8014-8024. (10.1021/ic300058p)
- Zamani, S. et al., 2012. Probing differences in binding of methylbenzylamine enantiomers to chiral cobalt(II) salen complexes. Dalton Transactions 41 (22), pp.6861-6870. (10.1039/C2DT30207A)
2011
- Alberola, A. et al., 2011. Crystal structures, EPR and magnetic properties of 2-ClC6H4CNSSN˙ and 2,5-Cl2C6H3CNSSN˙. Chemical Communications 47 (9), pp.2532-2534. (10.1039/c0cc04296j)
- Caretti, I. et al., 2011. Interactions of an asymmetric amine with a non-C2 symmetric Cu-salen complex: An EPR/ENDOR and HYSCORE investigation. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 13 (45), pp.20427-20434. (10.1039/c1cp22522g)
- Carter, E. et al. 2011. Structure and pulsed EPR characterization of N,N′-bis(5-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamino-vanadium(IV) oxide and its adducts with propylene oxide. Dalton Transactions 40 (28), pp.7454-7462. (10.1039/c1dt10378d)
- Garcia, T. et al., 2011. The significance of the order of impregnation on the activity of vanadia promoted palladium-alumina catalysts for propane total oxidation. Catalysis Science & Technology 1 (8), pp.1367-1375. (10.1039/c0cy00032a)
- McDyre, L. et al. 2011. Intramolecular formation of a CrI(bis-arene) species via TEA activation of [Cr(CO)4(Ph2P(C3H6)PPh2)]+: sn EPR and DFT investigation. Organometallics 30 (17), pp.4505-4508. (10.1021/om2006062)
- Murphy, D. M. et al. 2011. Visualizing diastereomeric interactions of chiral amine-chiral copper salen adducts by EPR spectroscopy and DFT. Inorganic Chemistry 50 (15), pp.6944-6955. (10.1021/ic200113u)
- Murphy, D. M. et al. 2011. A CW-EPR, ENDOR and special TRIPLE resonance study of a novel magnesium ketyl radical. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 49 (4), pp.159-163. (10.1002/mrc.2721)
- Woodul, W. D. et al., 2011. A neutral, monomeric germanium(I) radical. Journal of the American Chemical Society 133 (26), pp.10074-10077. (10.1021/ja204344e)
2010
- Carter, E. et al. 2010. Experimental observation of spin delocalisation onto the aryl-alkynyl ligand in the complexes [Mo(C=CAr)(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)(η-C7H7)]+ (Ar = C6H5, C6H4-4-F; C7H7 = cycloheptatrienyl): an EPR and ENDOR investigation. Dalton Transactions 39 (47), pp.11424-11431. (10.1039/c0dt00642d)
- Carter, E. et al. 2010. Probing the role of weak outer sphere interactions (H-bonds) in VO(3,5-tBu2-salophen) – Epoxide adducts by EPR, ENDOR and HYSCORE. Chemical Physics Letters 486 (1-3), pp.74-79. (10.1016/j.cplett.2009.12.066)
- Griffiths, P. C. et al. 2010. Interaction of an endosomolytic polyamidoamine ISA23 with vesicles mimicking intracellular membranes: A SANS/EPR study. Macromolecular Bioscience 10 (8), pp.963-973. (10.1002/mabi.201000040)
2009
- Carter, E. and Murphy, D. 2009. Structure-function relationships and mechanistic pathways in homogeneous catalysis as probed by ENDOR spectroscopy. In: Yarwood, J. , Douthwaite, R. and Duckett, S. eds. Spectroscopic properties of inorganic and organometallic chemistry. Vol. 40, Specialist periodical report Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. , pp.355-384. (10.1039/b715580h)
- Green, J. , Carter, E. and Murphy, D. M. 2009. An EPR investigation of acetonitrile reactivity with superoxide radicals on polycrystalline TiO2. Research on Chemical Intermediates 35 (2), pp.145-154. (10.1007/s11164-008-0022-4)
- Green, J. , Carter, E. and Murphy, D. M. 2009. Interaction of molecular oxygen with oxygen vacancies on reduced TiO2: Site specific blocking by probe molecules. Chemical Physics Letters 477 (4-6), pp.340-344. (10.1016/j.cplett.2009.07.002)
- Murphy, D. M. et al. 2009. Enantioselective binding of structural epoxide isomers by a chiral vanadyl salen complex: a pulsed EPR, cw-ENDOR and DFT investigation. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 11 (31), pp.6757-6769. (10.1039/b907807j)
2008
- Murphy, D. M. et al. 2008. Discrimination of geometrical epoxide isomers by ENDOR spectroscopy and DFT calculations: the role of hydrogen bonds. Angewandte Chemie. International Edition 47 (8), pp.1414-1416. (10.1002/anie.200703537)
2007
- Carter, E. 2007. EPR investigation of stable and transient oxygen centred radicals over polycristalline titanium dioxide. PhD Thesis , Cardiff University.
- Carter, E. , Carley, A. F. and Murphy, D. M. 2007. Evidence for O2- Radical Stabilization at Surface Oxygen Vacancies on Polycrystalline TiO2. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111 (28), pp.10630-10638. (10.1021/jp0729516)
- Carter, E. , Carley, A. F. and Murphy, D. M. 2007. Free-Radical Pathways in the Decomposition of Ketones over Polycrystalline TiO2: The Role of Organoperoxy Radicals. ChemPhysChem 8 (1), pp.113-123. (10.1002/cphc.200600484)
Articles
- Adams, C. J. et al. 2012. Iron(I) in Negishi cross-coupling reactions. Journal of the American Chemical Society 134 (25), pp.10333-10336. (10.1021/ja303250t)
- Al Jomeh, G. A. S. et al., 2024. Mechanochemical Cu(ii) complexes and propargylamine synthetic adventures †. RSC Sustainability 2 (2), pp.528-535. (10.1039/d3su00315a)
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Book sections
- Carter, E. and Murphy, D. 2015. Homogeneous catalytic transformations investigated by EPR spectroscopy. In: Gilbert, B. C. , Chechik, V. and Murphy, D. eds. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. Vol. 24, Royal Society of Chemistry. , pp.148-193. (10.1039/9781782620280-00148)
- Carter, E. and Murphy, D. 2009. Structure-function relationships and mechanistic pathways in homogeneous catalysis as probed by ENDOR spectroscopy. In: Yarwood, J. , Douthwaite, R. and Duckett, S. eds. Spectroscopic properties of inorganic and organometallic chemistry. Vol. 40, Specialist periodical report Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. , pp.355-384. (10.1039/b715580h)
- Spencer, J. et al. 2018. Applications of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy for interrogating catalytic systems. In: Chechik, V. and Murphy, D. M. eds. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. Vol. 26, Royal Society of Chemistry. , pp.130-170. (10.1039/9781788013888-00130)
Books
- Chechik, V. , Carter, E. and Murphy, D. 2016. Electron paramagnetic resonance. Oxford Chemistry Primers Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Conferences
- Silver, K. et al. 2025. A novel miniaturized benchtop EPR spectrometer based on sideband detection using a software-defined radio. Presented at: APMC 2024 Bali, Indonesia 17-20 November 2024. 2024 IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC). IEEE. , pp.814-816. (10.1109/apmc60911.2024.10867565)
Thesis
- Carter, E. 2007. EPR investigation of stable and transient oxygen centred radicals over polycristalline titanium dioxide. PhD Thesis , Cardiff University.
Research
Earth-Abundant Catalysis
Coupling reactions for the formation of C-C and C-X bonds are important targets for academic chemistry, and have been prevalent since the 19th Century. The 2010 Nobel Prize for Palladium-catalysed C-C bond construction proceeds via double-electron transfer, whereas recent efforts using first-row metals undergo single-electron transfer processes. In parallel with these advances, over the last 10 years an emerging trend in earth-abundant metals and metal-free catalysis has been established to provide alternative and sustainable routes to achieve similar chemical transformations. We are exploring the use of 1st row transition metals (e.g. Cu/ Ni/ Fe/ Cr) as replacements for precious metals, and also main-group systems (e.g. P/B) to challenge the traditional two-electron transfer reaction pathways, to suggest a low-energy single-electron processes can predominate. We aim to provide a connection between the structure of reactants, the proposed mechanism, and the identity of radical intermediates/products, which has previously not always been clearly established.
Photoactive Materials
Photon upconversion, a process by which multiple low energy photons from solar radiation are converted into more useful higher energy photons (in the visible-light region), has received significant attention in recent years as a means of increasing the efficacy of light harvesting processes, finding utility in several important disciplines, such as electroluminescence, photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and bioimaging. We have recently developed new Ir(III) complexes which exhibit leading conversion efficiencies for visible photons through triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA), in which the Ir(III) acts as a donor sensitiser that stimulates long-lived fluorescence from an appropriate annihilator acceptor molecule. The sensitiser should possess good molar absorption at the wavelength of excitation and a long triplet lifetime. We aim to develop a library of ligand architectures to enable tuning of the excited-state properties and emission characteristics, which are essential criteria for optimising TTA-based applications.
Current approaches to the development of TTA systems have relied upon a trial-and-error approach. However, we seek to employ a vast range of advanced spectroscopic, including Time-Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (TR-EPR) and fluorescence techniques, supported by computational tools to fully interrogate the excited state properties. These combined results will deliver groundbreaking new mechanistic insights into upconversion optimization through structure-activity relationships, leading to an acceleration in the delivery of a range of novel, highly efficient and tunable photoactive materials for use in light harvesting processes and photoredox catalysis.
For more information on specific projects available with Dr Emma Richards please review the Spectroscopy and dynamics science section of our research project themes.
Teaching
CH5110 Chemistry Foundation Practical [Yr 1 Core]
CH5201 Advanced Physical Chemistry [Yr 2 Core]
CH3307 Advanced Spectroscopy and Diffraction [Yr 3 Optional]
CHT219 Preparation and Evaluation of Heterogeneous Catalysts [PGT]
Biography
- Director of Recruitment and Admissions (2023 - date)
- Senior Lecturer (2022), Lecturer (2015 - 2022) Cardiff School of Chemistry
- PhD, University of Wales, Cardiff (2003 – 2007, Prof D. Murphy);
- BSc(Hons) Natural Sciences with study in Industry, (Infineum, Oxfordshire; 1st Class Honours, Accenture prize for highest graduating student), University of Bath (1999 – 2003);
Professional memberships
- Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry
- Fellow of the Higher Education Academy
Committees and reviewing
- Royal Society International Fellowship Scheme (2018 - date)
- Athena Swan External Panel Assessor (2022 - date)
Supervisions
- Analytical chemistry
- Reaction mechanisms
- Photocatalysis
- Organometallic chemistry
