![Andrew Westwell PhD PGCE HE](https://profiles-cardiff.imgix.net/attachments/2970?w=200&h=200&auto=format&crop=faces&fit=crop&q=90")
Professor Andrew Westwell
PhD PGCE HE
- Media commentator
Teams and roles for Andrew Westwell
Professor
Professor of Medicinal Chemistry
Overview
I joined the School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences in January 2006. My research interests:
- Anticancer and antiparasitic drug discovery.
- Chemical analysis of new psychoactive substances.
In particular, my research focuses on the discovery and pre-clinical development of new anticancer drug candidates targeting advanced and metastatic disease, the cause of death in >90% of cancer patients.
Qualifications
- PhD in synthetic organic chemistry, University of Leeds (1990-1993)
- BSc (Hons) Chemistry, University of Leeds (1987-1990)
News
- Innovation and Healthcare Awards - 1 June 2016
- New anti cancer stem cell compound in development - 7 May 2015
Publication
2024
- Scott, A. T. and Westwell, A. D. 2024. Strategies to enhance the racial and ethnic diversity of breast cancer clinical drug trials. Academia Oncology 1, article number: 2. (10.20935/acadonco7480)
- Seaton, G., Smith, H., Brancale, A., Westwell, A. D. and Clarkson, R. 2024. Multifaceted roles for BCL3 in cancer: a proto-oncogene comes of age. Molecular Cancer 23(1), article number: 7. (10.1186/s12943-023-01922-8)
2023
- Almehdi, A. M., Soliman, S. S. M., El-Shorbagi, A. A., Westwell, A. D. and Hamdy, R. 2023. Design, synthesis, and potent anticancer activity of novel indole-based Bcl-2 inhibitors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24(19), article number: 14656. (10.3390/ijms241914656)
2022
- Scurr, M. et al. 2022. Whole blood-based measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid organ cancers. Immunology 165(2), pp. 250-259. (10.1111/imm.13433)
- Edwards, D. et al. 2022. A rapid scoping review of harm reduction strategies for ecstasy (MDMA) users in recreational settings. [Online]. Research Square: Research Square. (10.21203/rs.3.rs-2178425/v1) Available at: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2178425/v1
2021
- Hamdy, R. et al. 2021. New bioactive fused triazolothiadiazoles as Bcl-2-targeted anticancer agents. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22(22), article number: 12272. (10.3390/ijms222212272)
- Soukupova, J. et al. 2021. The discovery of a novel anti-metastatic Bcl3 inhibitor. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 10(5), pp. 775-786. (10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-20-0283)
- Kandil, S. B., Kariuki, B. M., McGuigan, C. and Westwell, A. D. 2021. Synthesis, biological evaluation and X-ray analysis of bicalutamide sulfoxide analogues for the potential treatment of prostate cancer. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 36, article number: 127817. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127817)
- Kourti, M., Cai, J., Jiang, W. G. and Westwell, A. D. 2021. Structural modifications on CORM-3 lead to enhanced anti-angiogenic properties against triple-negative breast cancer cells. Medicinal Chemistry 17(1), pp. 40-59. (10.2174/1573406415666191206102452)
- James, E., Westwell, A., Pascoe, M. and Smith, A. 2021. Online survey into the development of a model legal framework for a cannabis market in the United Kingdom. Drug Science, Policy and Law 7 (10.1177/20503245211034931)
- Kandil, S. B., McGuigan, C. and Westwell, A. D. 2021. Synthesis and biological evaluation of bicalutamide analogues for the potential treatment of prostate cancer. Molecules 26(1), article number: 56. (10.3390/molecules26010056)
2020
- Hamdy, R., Elseginy, S. A., Ziedan, N. I., El-Sadek, M., Lashin, E., Jones, A. T. and Westwell, A. D. 2020. Design, synthesis and evaluation of new bioactive oxadiazole derivatives as anticancer agents targeting Bcl-2. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21(23), article number: 8980. (10.3390/ijms21238980)
- Kandil, S. B., Jones, S. R., Smith, S., Hiscox, S. E. and Westwell, A. D. 2020. Structure-based virtual screening, synthesis and biological evaluation of potential FAK-FAT domain inhibitors for treatment of metastatic cancer. Molecules 25(15), article number: 3488. (10.3390/molecules25153488)
- Cavaliere, A. et al. 2020. Radiosynthesis of [18F]-labelled pro-nucleotides (ProTides). Molecules 25(3), article number: 704. (10.3390/molecules25030704)
2019
- Kandil, S., Pannecouque, C., Chapman, F. M., Westwell, A. D. and McGuigan, C. 2019. Polyfluoroaromatic stavudine (d4T) ProTides exhibit enhanced anti-HIV activity. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 29(24), article number: 126721. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126721)
- Pertusati, F., Ferla, S., Bassetto, M., Brancale, A., Kandil, S., Westwell, A. D. and McGuigan, C. 2019. A new series of bicalutamide, enzalutamide and enobosarm derivatives carrying pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) and pentafluoroethyl (C2F5) substituents: Improved antiproliferative agents against prostate cancer. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 180, pp. 1-14. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.001)
- Crusco, A. et al. 2019. Antischistosomal properties of sclareol and its heck-coupled derivatives: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and untargeted metabolomics. ACS Infectious Diseases 5(7), pp. 1188-1199. (10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00034)
- Crusco, A., Baptista, R., Bhowmick, S., Beckmann, M., Mur, L. A. J., Westwell, A. D. and Hoffmann, K. F. 2019. The anti-mycobacterial activity of a diterpenoid-like molecule operates through nitrogen and amino acid starvation. Frontiers in Microbiology 10, article number: 1444. (10.3389/fmicb.2019.01444)
- Hamdy, R., Elseginy, S., Ziedan, N., Jones, A. and Westwell, A. 2019. New quinoline-based heterocycles as anticancer agents targeting Bcl-2. Molecules 24(7), pp. 1274. (10.3390/molecules24071274)
- Kandil, S., Lee, K. Y., Davies, L., Rizzo, S. A., Dart, D. A. and Westwell, A. D. 2019. Discovery of deshydroxy bicalutamide derivatives as androgen receptor antagonists. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 167, pp. 49-60. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.054)
- Anderson, R. L. et al. 2019. A framework for the development of effective anti-metastatic agents. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 16, pp. 185-204. (10.1038/s41571-018-0134-8)
- James, E., Robertshaw, T. L. and Westwell, A. D. 2019. Emerging from the dark side: new therapeutic applications of scheduled psychoactive substances. Future Medicinal Chemistry 11(3) (10.4155/fmc-2018-0447)
- Kourti, M., Westwell, A., Jiang, W. and Cai, J. 2019. Repurposing old carbon monoxide-releasing molecules towards the anti-angiogenic therapy of triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 10(10), pp. 1132-1148. (10.18632/oncotarget.26638)
- Fosu-Mensah, N. A., Jiang, W., Brancale, A., Cai, J. and Westwell, A. D. 2019. The discovery of purine-based agents targeting triple-negative breast cancer and the αB-crystallin/VEGF protein-protein interaction. Medicinal Chemistry Research 28(2), pp. 182-202. (10.1007/s00044-018-2275-9)
- James, E., Robertshaw, T., Chapman, F. M., Westwell, A. D. and Smith, A. P. 2019. Using the pharmacy retail model to examine perceptions and biases of a UK population sample towards regulation of specific psychoactive drugs.. Drug Science, Policy and Law 5 (10.1177/2050324519876123)
2018
- Shirinzadeh, H., Suzen, S., Altanlar, N. and Westwell, A. 2018. Antimicrobial activities of new indole derivatives containing 1,2,4-Triazole, 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and Carbothioamide. The Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 15(3), pp. 291-297. (10.4274/tjps.55707)
- Dart, D. A., Kandil, S., Tommasini-Ghelfi, S., Almeida, G. S. d., Bevan, C. L., Jiang, W. G. and Westwell, A. D. 2018. Novel trifluoromethylated enobosarm analogues with potent antiandrogenic activity in vitro and tissue selectivity in vivo. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 17(9), pp. 1846-1858. (10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-18-0037)
- Crusco, A., Bordoni, C., Chakroborty, A., Whatley, K. C., Whiteland, H., Westwell, A. D. and Hoffmann, K. F. 2018. Design, synthesis and anthelmintic activity of 7-keto-sempervirol analogues. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 152, pp. 87-100. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.032)
- James, E., Robertshaw, T., Westwell, A. and Smith, A. 2018. Pharmacies as potential providers of harm reduction services: A preliminary online survey. Drug Science, Policy and Law 4, pp. 1-14. (10.1177/2050324518767441)
- Kandil, S., Prencipe, F., Jones, S., Hiscox, S. and Westwell, A. D. 2018. The discovery of new and more potent chloropyramine (C4) analogues for the potential treatment of invasive breast cancer. Chemical Biology and Drug Design 91(1), pp. 314-321. (10.1111/cbdd.13083)
2017
- Somasagara, R. R. et al. 2017. RAD6 promotes DNA repair and stem cell signaling in ovarian cancer and is a promising therapeutic target to prevent and treat acquired chemoresistance. Oncogene 36, pp. 6680-6690. (10.1038/onc.2017.279)
- Cavaliere, A., Probst, K., Westwell, A. and Slusarczyk, M. 2017. Fluorinated nucleosides as an important class of anticancer and antiviral agents. Future Medicinal Chemistry 9(15)
- Hendriks, H. R., Govaerts, A., Fichtner, I., Burtles, S., Westwell, A. and Peters, G. J. 2017. Pharmacologically directed strategies in academic anticancer drug discovery based on the European NCI compounds initiative. British Journal of Cancer 117, pp. 195-202. (10.1038/bjc.2017.167)
- Bassetto, M., Ferla, S., Giancotti, G., Pertusati, F., Westwell, A. D., Brancale, A. and McGuigan, C. 2017. Rational design and synthesis of novel phenylsulfonyl-benzamides as anti-prostate cancer agents. MedChemComm 8(7), pp. 1414-1420. (10.1039/C7MD00164A)
- Hamdy, R. et al. 2017. Synthesis and evaluation of 5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amines as Bcl-2 inhibitory anticancer agents. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 27(4), pp. 1037-1040. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.061)
- Ziedan, N. I. et al. 2017. Virtual screening, SAR and discovery of 5-(indole-3-yl)-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino] [1,3,4]-oxadiazole as a novel Bcl-2 inhibitor. Chemical Biology and Drug Design (10.1111/cbdd.12936)
2016
- Wymant, J., Hiscox, S., Westwell, A., Urbe, S., Clague, M. and Jones, A. T. 2016. The Role of BCA2 in the endocytic trafficking of EGFR and significance as a prognostic biomarker in cancer. Journal of Cancer 7(15), pp. 2388-2407. (10.7150/jca.15055)
- Kandil, S., Balzarini, J., Rat, S., Brancale, A., Westwell, A. D. and McGuigan, C. 2016. ProTides of BVdU as potential anticancer agents upon efficient intracellular delivery of their activated metabolites. Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 26(23), pp. 5618-5623. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.077)
- Bassetto, M., Ferla, S., Pertusati, F., Kandil, S., Westwell, A., Brancale, A. and McGuigan, C. 2016. Design and synthesis of novel bicalutamide and enzalutamide derivatives as antiproliferative agents for the treatment of prostate cancer. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 118, pp. 230-243. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.052)
- Ferla, S., Bassetto, M., Pertusati, F., Kandil, S., Westwell, A. D., Brancale, A. and McGuigan, C. 2016. Rational design and synthesis of novel anti-prostate cancer agents bearing a 3,5-bis-trifluoromethylphenyl moiety. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 26(15), pp. 3636-3640. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.001)
- Haynes, B. et al. 2016. Gold nanoparticle conjugated Rad6 inhibitor induces cell death in triple negative breast cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and PARP-1 hyperactivation: Synthesis and characterization. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 12(3), pp. 745-757. (10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.010)
- Kothayer, H., Spencer, S. M., Tripathi, K., Westwell, A. D. and Palle, K. 2016. Synthesis and in vitro anticancer evaluation of some 4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-carbohydrazides as Rad6 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme inhibitors. Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 26(8), pp. 2030-2034. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.085)
- Kandil, S., Wymant, J., Kariuki, B., Jones, A. T., McGuigan, C. and Westwell, A. D. 2016. Novel cis-selective and non-epimerisable C3 hydroxy azapodophyllotoxins targeting microtubules in cancer cells. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 110, pp. 311-325. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.037)
- Westwell, A. D. ed. 2016. Fluorinated pharmaceuticals: advances in medicinal chemistry. Future Medicine. (10.4155/9781909453968)
- Kandil, S., Westwell, A. D. and McGuigan, C. 2016. 7-Substituted umbelliferone derivatives as androgen receptor antagonists for the potential treatment of prostate and breast cancer. Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 26(8), pp. 2000-2004. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.088)
- Shirinzadeh, H., Ince, E., Westwell, A. D., Gurer-Orhan, H. and Suzen, S. 2016. Novel indole-based melatonin analogues substituted with triazole, thiadiazole and carbothioamides: studies on their antioxidant, chemopreventive and cytotoxic activities. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 31(6), pp. 1312-1321. (10.3109/14756366.2015.1132209)
2015
- Edwards, R., de Vries, W., Westwell, A. D., Daniels, S. and Wirth, T. 2015. Solid-supported iodonium salts for fluorinations. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2015(31), pp. 6909-6916. (10.1002/ejoc.201500992)
- Cilibrasi, V., Tsang, K. Y. I., Morelli, M., Solfa, F., Wiggins, H., Jones, A. T. and Westwell, A. D. 2015. Synthesis of substituted carbamo(dithioperoxo)thioates as potential BCA2-inhibitory anticancer agents. Tetrahedron Letters 56(20), pp. 2583-2585. (10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.132)
- Wiggins, H. L., Wymant, J. M., Solfa, F., Hiscox, S. E., Taylor, K. M., Westwell, A. D. and Jones, A. T. 2015. Disulfiram-induced cytotoxicity and endo-lysosomal sequestration of zinc in breast cancer cells. Biochemical Pharmacology 93(3), pp. 332-342. (10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.014)
- Edwards, R., Westwell, A. D., Daniels, S. and Wirth, T. 2015. Convenient synthesis of diaryliodonium salts for the production of [18F]F-DOPA. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2015(3), pp. 625-630. (10.1002/ejoc.201403378)
- Fosu-Mensah, N., Peris, M. S., Weeks, H. P., Cai, J. and Westwell, A. D. 2015. Advances in small-molecule drug discovery for triple-negative breast cancer. Future Medicinal Chemistry 7(15), pp. 2019-2039. (10.4155/fmc.15.129)
2014
- Meyer, J., Probst, K. C., Trist, I. M., McGuigan, C. and Westwell, A. D. 2014. A novel radiochemical approach to 1-(2 '-deoxy-2 '-[F-18] fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine (F-18-FAC). Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 57(11), pp. 637-644. (10.1002/jlcr.3233)
- Velanguparackel, W., Hamon, N., Balzarini, J., McGuigan, C. and Westwell, A. D. 2014. Synthesis, anti-HIV and cytostatic evaluation of 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine (FLT) pro-nucleotides. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 24(10), pp. 2240-2243. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.092)
- Meyer, J., Probst, K. C. and Westwell, A. D. 2014. Radiochemical synthesis of 2′-[18F]-labelled and 3′-[18F]-labelled nucleosides for positron emission tomography imaging. Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 57(5), pp. 333-337. (10.1002/jlcr.3197)
2013
- Kothayer, H. et al. 2013. Design, synthesis and in vitro anticancer evaluation of 4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-carbohydrazides and -carboxamides. Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 23(24), pp. 6886-6889. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.087)
- Sanders, M. A. et al. 2013. Novel inhibitors of Rad6 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme: Design, synthesis, identification, and functional characterization. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 12(4), pp. 373-383. (10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0793)
- Hamdy, R. et al. 2013. Synthesis and evaluation of 3-(benzylthio)-5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-4-amines as Bcl-2 inhibitory anticancer agents. Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 23(8), pp. 2391-2394. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.029)
- Westwell, A. D., Hutchings, A. and Caldicott, D. G. E. 2013. The identification and chemical characterization of a new arylcyclohexylamine, methoxetamine, using a novel Emergency Department toxicosurveillance tool. Drug Testing and Analysis 5(3), pp. 203-207. (10.1002/dta.1375)
- Karaaslan, C., Kadri, H., Coban, T., Suzen, S. and Westwell, A. D. 2013. Synthesis and antioxidant properties of substituted 2-phenyl-1H-indoles. Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 23(9), pp. 2671-2674. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.090)
- Weekes, A. A., Frydrych, J. and Westwell, A. D. 2013. Convenient synthesis of substituted 2-phenylbenzothiazoles using solid-supported triphenylphosphine. Synthetic Communications 43(19), pp. 2656-2662. (10.1080/00397911.2012.730648)
- Tekiner-Gulbas, B., Westwell, A. D. and Suzen, S. 2013. Oxidative stress in carcinogenesis: new synthetic compounds with dual effects upon free radicals and cancer. Current Medicinal Chemistry 20(36), pp. 4451-4459. (10.2174/09298673113203690142)
2012
- Soukupova, J., Brancale, A., Westwell, A. D. and Clarkson, R. W. E. 2012. Inhibitors of Bcl-3 as a novel therapeutic strategy for HER2+ breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer 48(5), pp. S225-S225.
- Md Tohid, S. F., Ziedan, N. I., Stefanelli, F., Fogli, S. and Westwell, A. D. 2012. Synthesis and evaluation of indole-containing 3,5-diarylisoxazoles as potential pro-apoptotic antitumour agents. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 56, pp. 263-270. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.08.009)
2011
- Cottens, S. et al. 2011. Ask the experts: future of the pharmaceutical industry. Future Medicinal Chemistry 3(15) (10.4155/fmc.11.145)
- Altug, C. et al. 2011. An efficient one-pot multicomponent approach to 5-amino-7-aryl-8-nitrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyridines. Tetrahedron 67(49), pp. 9522-9528. (10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.005)
- Weekes, A. A., Bagley, M. C. and Westwell, A. D. 2011. An efficient synthetic route to biologically relevant 2-phenylbenzothiazoles substituted on the benzothiazole ring. Tetrahedron 67(40), pp. 7743-7747. (10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.004)
2010
- Ziedan, N. I., Stefanelli, F., Fogli, S. and Westwell, A. D. 2010. Design, synthesis and pro-apoptotic antitumour properties of indole-based 3,5-disubstituted oxadiazoles. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45(10), pp. 4523-4530. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.07.012)
- Brahemi, G. et al. 2010. Exploring the structural requirements for inhibition of the ubiquitin E3 ligase breast cancer associated protein 2 (BCA2) as a treatment for breast cancer. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 53(7), pp. 2757-2765. (10.1021/jm901757t)
- Chew, E. et al. 2010. Cinnamaldehydes inhibit thioredoxin reductase and induce Nrf2: potential candidates for cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 48(1), pp. 98-111. (10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.028)
- Weekes, A. A., Dix, M. C., Bagley, M. C. and Westwell, A. D. 2010. Rapid and convenient thermal or microwave-assisted synthesis of substituted 2-Phenylbenzothiazoles. Synthetic Communications 40(20), pp. 3027-3032. (10.1080/00397910903353739)
- Brahemi, G., Burger, A. M., Westwell, A. and Brancale, A. 2010. Homology Modelling of Human E1 Ubiquitin Activating Enzyme. Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 7(1), pp. 57-62. (10.2174/157018010789869316)
- Bruyere, H., Westwell, A. and Jones, A. T. 2010. Tuning the pH sensitivities of orthoester based compounds for drug delivery applications by simple chemical modification. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20(7), pp. 2200-2203. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.035)
- Daniels, S., Md Tohid, S. F., Velanguparackel, W. and Westwell, A. 2010. The role and future potential of fluorinated biomarkers in positron emission tomography. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery 5(3), pp. 291-304. (10.1517/17460441003652967)
2009
- Gan, F. F. et al. 2009. Structure-activity analysis of 2 '-modified cinnamaldehyde analogues as potential anticancer agents. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 387(4), pp. 741-747. (10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.104)
- Weekes, A. A. and Westwell, A. 2009. 2-Arylbenzothiazole as a Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery. Current Medicinal Chemistry 16(19), pp. 2430-2440.
2008
- Kadri, H., Dale, T. C., Ewan, K. B. R. and Westwell, A. 2008. The design, synthesis and antitumour evaluation of novel small molecule inhibitors of the Dishevelled PDZ domain [Poster Presentation/Abstract]. EJC Supplements 6(12), pp. 137., article number: 436. (10.1016/S1359-6349(08)72370-X)
- Huber, K. et al. 2008. 2- [(1-methylpropyl)dithio] -1H-imidazole inhibits tubulin polymerization through cysteine oxidation. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 7(1), pp. 143-151. (10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0486)
- Aiello, S. et al. 2008. Synthesis and biological properties of benzothiazole, benzoxazole, and chromen-4-one analogues of the potent antitumor agent 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (PMX 610, NSC 721648). Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 51(16), pp. 5135-5139. (10.1021/jm800418z)
- Kadri, H., Matthews, C. S., Bradshaw, T. D., Stevens, M. F. G. and Westwell, A. 2008. Synthesis and antitumour evaluation of novel 2-phenylbenzimidazoles. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 23(5), pp. 641-647. (10.1080/14756360802205398)
- Westwell, A. 2008. Advances in Cancer Drug Discovery - A British Association for Cancer Research Meeting. IDrugs 11(11), pp. 783-786.
- White, A. W., Westwell, A. and Brahemi, G. 2008. Protein-protein interactions as targets for small-molecule therapeutics in cancer. Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 10(e8), pp. 1-14. (10.1017/S1462399408000641)
- Callister, M. et al. 2008. PMX464, a thiol-reactive quinol and putative thioredoxin inhibitor, inhibits NF-kappa B-dependent proinflammatory activation of alveolar epithelial cells. British Journal of Pharmacology 155(5), pp. 661-672. (10.1038/bjp.2008.258)
- Ziedan, N., Kadri, H. and Westwell, A. 2008. The development of pro-apoptotic cancer therapeutics. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 8(7), pp. 711-718.
- Ziedan, N., Westwell, A. and Fogli, S. 2008. Design and synthesis of novel indole derivatives as selective apoptosis-inducers. EJC Supplements 6(12), pp. 45-46.
- Brahemi, G., Fiasella, A., Brancale, A., Westwell, A. and Burger, A. 2008. Design and synthesis of BCA2 inhibitors. EJC Supplements 6(12), pp. 44.
2007
- Matsuura, T., Harrison, R. A., Westwell, A., Nakamura, H., Martynyuk, A. E. and Sumners, C. 2007. Basal and angiotensin II-inhibited neuronal delayed-rectifier K+ current are regulated by thioredoxin. American Journal of Physiology -Cell Physiology 293(1), pp. C211-C217. (10.1152/ajpcell.00615.2006)
- Athanasiou, A. et al. 2007. Cannabinoid receptor agonists are mitochondrial inhibitors: A unified hypothesis of how cannabinoids modulate mitochondrial function and induce cell death. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 364(1), pp. 131-137. (10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.107)
- Athanasiou, A. et al. 2007. Vanilloid receptor agonists and antagonists are mitochondrial inhibitors: how vanilloids cause non-vanilloid receptor mediated cell death. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 354(1), pp. 50-55. (10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.179)
- Henriksen, G., Hauser, A. I., Westwell, A., Yousefi, B. H., Schwaiger, M., Drzezga, A. and Wester, H. J. 2007. Metabolically stabilized benzothiazoles for imaging of amyloid plaques. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 50(6), pp. 1087-1089. (10.1021/jm061466g)
- Shah, P. and Westwell, A. 2007. The role of fluorine in medicinal chemistry. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 22(5), pp. 527-540. (10.1080/14756360701425014)
2006
- Westwell, A. D., Mortimer, C., Wells, G. and Crochard, J. 2006. Antitumor benzothiazoles. 26. 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (GW 610, NSC 721648), a simple fluorinated 2-arylbenzothiazole, shows potent and selective inhibitory activity against lung, colon, and breast cancer cell lines. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 49(1), pp. 179-185. (10.1021/jm050942k)
2005
- Westwell, A. D., Berry, J., Bradshaw, T. and Fichtner, I. 2005. Quinols as novel therapeutic agents. 2. 4-(1-Arylsulfonylindol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ones and related agents as potent and selective antitumor agents. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 48(2), pp. 639-644. (10.1021/jm040859h)
2003
- Westwell, A. D., Wells, G., Berry, J. and Bradshaw, T. 2003. 4-Substituted-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ones with selective activities against colon and renal cancer cell lines. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 46(4), pp. 532-541. (10.1021/jm020984y)
2001
- Hutchinson, I., Chua, M., Browne, H. L., Trapani, V., Bradshaw, T. D., Westwell, A. D. and Stevens, M. F. G. 2001. Antitumor benzothiazoles. 14. Synthesis and in vitro biological properties of fluorinated 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 44(9), pp. 1446-1455. (10.1021/jm001104n)
Articles
- Scott, A. T. and Westwell, A. D. 2024. Strategies to enhance the racial and ethnic diversity of breast cancer clinical drug trials. Academia Oncology 1, article number: 2. (10.20935/acadonco7480)
- Seaton, G., Smith, H., Brancale, A., Westwell, A. D. and Clarkson, R. 2024. Multifaceted roles for BCL3 in cancer: a proto-oncogene comes of age. Molecular Cancer 23(1), article number: 7. (10.1186/s12943-023-01922-8)
- Almehdi, A. M., Soliman, S. S. M., El-Shorbagi, A. A., Westwell, A. D. and Hamdy, R. 2023. Design, synthesis, and potent anticancer activity of novel indole-based Bcl-2 inhibitors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24(19), article number: 14656. (10.3390/ijms241914656)
- Scurr, M. et al. 2022. Whole blood-based measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid organ cancers. Immunology 165(2), pp. 250-259. (10.1111/imm.13433)
- Hamdy, R. et al. 2021. New bioactive fused triazolothiadiazoles as Bcl-2-targeted anticancer agents. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22(22), article number: 12272. (10.3390/ijms222212272)
- Soukupova, J. et al. 2021. The discovery of a novel anti-metastatic Bcl3 inhibitor. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 10(5), pp. 775-786. (10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-20-0283)
- Kandil, S. B., Kariuki, B. M., McGuigan, C. and Westwell, A. D. 2021. Synthesis, biological evaluation and X-ray analysis of bicalutamide sulfoxide analogues for the potential treatment of prostate cancer. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 36, article number: 127817. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127817)
- Kourti, M., Cai, J., Jiang, W. G. and Westwell, A. D. 2021. Structural modifications on CORM-3 lead to enhanced anti-angiogenic properties against triple-negative breast cancer cells. Medicinal Chemistry 17(1), pp. 40-59. (10.2174/1573406415666191206102452)
- James, E., Westwell, A., Pascoe, M. and Smith, A. 2021. Online survey into the development of a model legal framework for a cannabis market in the United Kingdom. Drug Science, Policy and Law 7 (10.1177/20503245211034931)
- Kandil, S. B., McGuigan, C. and Westwell, A. D. 2021. Synthesis and biological evaluation of bicalutamide analogues for the potential treatment of prostate cancer. Molecules 26(1), article number: 56. (10.3390/molecules26010056)
- Hamdy, R., Elseginy, S. A., Ziedan, N. I., El-Sadek, M., Lashin, E., Jones, A. T. and Westwell, A. D. 2020. Design, synthesis and evaluation of new bioactive oxadiazole derivatives as anticancer agents targeting Bcl-2. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21(23), article number: 8980. (10.3390/ijms21238980)
- Kandil, S. B., Jones, S. R., Smith, S., Hiscox, S. E. and Westwell, A. D. 2020. Structure-based virtual screening, synthesis and biological evaluation of potential FAK-FAT domain inhibitors for treatment of metastatic cancer. Molecules 25(15), article number: 3488. (10.3390/molecules25153488)
- Cavaliere, A. et al. 2020. Radiosynthesis of [18F]-labelled pro-nucleotides (ProTides). Molecules 25(3), article number: 704. (10.3390/molecules25030704)
- Kandil, S., Pannecouque, C., Chapman, F. M., Westwell, A. D. and McGuigan, C. 2019. Polyfluoroaromatic stavudine (d4T) ProTides exhibit enhanced anti-HIV activity. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 29(24), article number: 126721. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126721)
- Pertusati, F., Ferla, S., Bassetto, M., Brancale, A., Kandil, S., Westwell, A. D. and McGuigan, C. 2019. A new series of bicalutamide, enzalutamide and enobosarm derivatives carrying pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) and pentafluoroethyl (C2F5) substituents: Improved antiproliferative agents against prostate cancer. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 180, pp. 1-14. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.001)
- Crusco, A. et al. 2019. Antischistosomal properties of sclareol and its heck-coupled derivatives: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and untargeted metabolomics. ACS Infectious Diseases 5(7), pp. 1188-1199. (10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00034)
- Crusco, A., Baptista, R., Bhowmick, S., Beckmann, M., Mur, L. A. J., Westwell, A. D. and Hoffmann, K. F. 2019. The anti-mycobacterial activity of a diterpenoid-like molecule operates through nitrogen and amino acid starvation. Frontiers in Microbiology 10, article number: 1444. (10.3389/fmicb.2019.01444)
- Hamdy, R., Elseginy, S., Ziedan, N., Jones, A. and Westwell, A. 2019. New quinoline-based heterocycles as anticancer agents targeting Bcl-2. Molecules 24(7), pp. 1274. (10.3390/molecules24071274)
- Kandil, S., Lee, K. Y., Davies, L., Rizzo, S. A., Dart, D. A. and Westwell, A. D. 2019. Discovery of deshydroxy bicalutamide derivatives as androgen receptor antagonists. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 167, pp. 49-60. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.054)
- Anderson, R. L. et al. 2019. A framework for the development of effective anti-metastatic agents. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 16, pp. 185-204. (10.1038/s41571-018-0134-8)
- James, E., Robertshaw, T. L. and Westwell, A. D. 2019. Emerging from the dark side: new therapeutic applications of scheduled psychoactive substances. Future Medicinal Chemistry 11(3) (10.4155/fmc-2018-0447)
- Kourti, M., Westwell, A., Jiang, W. and Cai, J. 2019. Repurposing old carbon monoxide-releasing molecules towards the anti-angiogenic therapy of triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 10(10), pp. 1132-1148. (10.18632/oncotarget.26638)
- Fosu-Mensah, N. A., Jiang, W., Brancale, A., Cai, J. and Westwell, A. D. 2019. The discovery of purine-based agents targeting triple-negative breast cancer and the αB-crystallin/VEGF protein-protein interaction. Medicinal Chemistry Research 28(2), pp. 182-202. (10.1007/s00044-018-2275-9)
- James, E., Robertshaw, T., Chapman, F. M., Westwell, A. D. and Smith, A. P. 2019. Using the pharmacy retail model to examine perceptions and biases of a UK population sample towards regulation of specific psychoactive drugs.. Drug Science, Policy and Law 5 (10.1177/2050324519876123)
- Shirinzadeh, H., Suzen, S., Altanlar, N. and Westwell, A. 2018. Antimicrobial activities of new indole derivatives containing 1,2,4-Triazole, 1,3,4-Thiadiazole and Carbothioamide. The Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 15(3), pp. 291-297. (10.4274/tjps.55707)
- Dart, D. A., Kandil, S., Tommasini-Ghelfi, S., Almeida, G. S. d., Bevan, C. L., Jiang, W. G. and Westwell, A. D. 2018. Novel trifluoromethylated enobosarm analogues with potent antiandrogenic activity in vitro and tissue selectivity in vivo. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 17(9), pp. 1846-1858. (10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-18-0037)
- Crusco, A., Bordoni, C., Chakroborty, A., Whatley, K. C., Whiteland, H., Westwell, A. D. and Hoffmann, K. F. 2018. Design, synthesis and anthelmintic activity of 7-keto-sempervirol analogues. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 152, pp. 87-100. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.032)
- James, E., Robertshaw, T., Westwell, A. and Smith, A. 2018. Pharmacies as potential providers of harm reduction services: A preliminary online survey. Drug Science, Policy and Law 4, pp. 1-14. (10.1177/2050324518767441)
- Kandil, S., Prencipe, F., Jones, S., Hiscox, S. and Westwell, A. D. 2018. The discovery of new and more potent chloropyramine (C4) analogues for the potential treatment of invasive breast cancer. Chemical Biology and Drug Design 91(1), pp. 314-321. (10.1111/cbdd.13083)
- Somasagara, R. R. et al. 2017. RAD6 promotes DNA repair and stem cell signaling in ovarian cancer and is a promising therapeutic target to prevent and treat acquired chemoresistance. Oncogene 36, pp. 6680-6690. (10.1038/onc.2017.279)
- Cavaliere, A., Probst, K., Westwell, A. and Slusarczyk, M. 2017. Fluorinated nucleosides as an important class of anticancer and antiviral agents. Future Medicinal Chemistry 9(15)
- Hendriks, H. R., Govaerts, A., Fichtner, I., Burtles, S., Westwell, A. and Peters, G. J. 2017. Pharmacologically directed strategies in academic anticancer drug discovery based on the European NCI compounds initiative. British Journal of Cancer 117, pp. 195-202. (10.1038/bjc.2017.167)
- Bassetto, M., Ferla, S., Giancotti, G., Pertusati, F., Westwell, A. D., Brancale, A. and McGuigan, C. 2017. Rational design and synthesis of novel phenylsulfonyl-benzamides as anti-prostate cancer agents. MedChemComm 8(7), pp. 1414-1420. (10.1039/C7MD00164A)
- Hamdy, R. et al. 2017. Synthesis and evaluation of 5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amines as Bcl-2 inhibitory anticancer agents. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 27(4), pp. 1037-1040. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.061)
- Ziedan, N. I. et al. 2017. Virtual screening, SAR and discovery of 5-(indole-3-yl)-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino] [1,3,4]-oxadiazole as a novel Bcl-2 inhibitor. Chemical Biology and Drug Design (10.1111/cbdd.12936)
- Wymant, J., Hiscox, S., Westwell, A., Urbe, S., Clague, M. and Jones, A. T. 2016. The Role of BCA2 in the endocytic trafficking of EGFR and significance as a prognostic biomarker in cancer. Journal of Cancer 7(15), pp. 2388-2407. (10.7150/jca.15055)
- Kandil, S., Balzarini, J., Rat, S., Brancale, A., Westwell, A. D. and McGuigan, C. 2016. ProTides of BVdU as potential anticancer agents upon efficient intracellular delivery of their activated metabolites. Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 26(23), pp. 5618-5623. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.077)
- Bassetto, M., Ferla, S., Pertusati, F., Kandil, S., Westwell, A., Brancale, A. and McGuigan, C. 2016. Design and synthesis of novel bicalutamide and enzalutamide derivatives as antiproliferative agents for the treatment of prostate cancer. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 118, pp. 230-243. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.052)
- Ferla, S., Bassetto, M., Pertusati, F., Kandil, S., Westwell, A. D., Brancale, A. and McGuigan, C. 2016. Rational design and synthesis of novel anti-prostate cancer agents bearing a 3,5-bis-trifluoromethylphenyl moiety. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 26(15), pp. 3636-3640. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.001)
- Haynes, B. et al. 2016. Gold nanoparticle conjugated Rad6 inhibitor induces cell death in triple negative breast cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and PARP-1 hyperactivation: Synthesis and characterization. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 12(3), pp. 745-757. (10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.010)
- Kothayer, H., Spencer, S. M., Tripathi, K., Westwell, A. D. and Palle, K. 2016. Synthesis and in vitro anticancer evaluation of some 4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-carbohydrazides as Rad6 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme inhibitors. Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 26(8), pp. 2030-2034. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.085)
- Kandil, S., Wymant, J., Kariuki, B., Jones, A. T., McGuigan, C. and Westwell, A. D. 2016. Novel cis-selective and non-epimerisable C3 hydroxy azapodophyllotoxins targeting microtubules in cancer cells. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 110, pp. 311-325. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.037)
- Kandil, S., Westwell, A. D. and McGuigan, C. 2016. 7-Substituted umbelliferone derivatives as androgen receptor antagonists for the potential treatment of prostate and breast cancer. Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 26(8), pp. 2000-2004. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.088)
- Shirinzadeh, H., Ince, E., Westwell, A. D., Gurer-Orhan, H. and Suzen, S. 2016. Novel indole-based melatonin analogues substituted with triazole, thiadiazole and carbothioamides: studies on their antioxidant, chemopreventive and cytotoxic activities. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 31(6), pp. 1312-1321. (10.3109/14756366.2015.1132209)
- Edwards, R., de Vries, W., Westwell, A. D., Daniels, S. and Wirth, T. 2015. Solid-supported iodonium salts for fluorinations. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2015(31), pp. 6909-6916. (10.1002/ejoc.201500992)
- Cilibrasi, V., Tsang, K. Y. I., Morelli, M., Solfa, F., Wiggins, H., Jones, A. T. and Westwell, A. D. 2015. Synthesis of substituted carbamo(dithioperoxo)thioates as potential BCA2-inhibitory anticancer agents. Tetrahedron Letters 56(20), pp. 2583-2585. (10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.132)
- Wiggins, H. L., Wymant, J. M., Solfa, F., Hiscox, S. E., Taylor, K. M., Westwell, A. D. and Jones, A. T. 2015. Disulfiram-induced cytotoxicity and endo-lysosomal sequestration of zinc in breast cancer cells. Biochemical Pharmacology 93(3), pp. 332-342. (10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.014)
- Edwards, R., Westwell, A. D., Daniels, S. and Wirth, T. 2015. Convenient synthesis of diaryliodonium salts for the production of [18F]F-DOPA. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2015(3), pp. 625-630. (10.1002/ejoc.201403378)
- Fosu-Mensah, N., Peris, M. S., Weeks, H. P., Cai, J. and Westwell, A. D. 2015. Advances in small-molecule drug discovery for triple-negative breast cancer. Future Medicinal Chemistry 7(15), pp. 2019-2039. (10.4155/fmc.15.129)
- Meyer, J., Probst, K. C., Trist, I. M., McGuigan, C. and Westwell, A. D. 2014. A novel radiochemical approach to 1-(2 '-deoxy-2 '-[F-18] fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine (F-18-FAC). Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 57(11), pp. 637-644. (10.1002/jlcr.3233)
- Velanguparackel, W., Hamon, N., Balzarini, J., McGuigan, C. and Westwell, A. D. 2014. Synthesis, anti-HIV and cytostatic evaluation of 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine (FLT) pro-nucleotides. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 24(10), pp. 2240-2243. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.092)
- Meyer, J., Probst, K. C. and Westwell, A. D. 2014. Radiochemical synthesis of 2′-[18F]-labelled and 3′-[18F]-labelled nucleosides for positron emission tomography imaging. Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 57(5), pp. 333-337. (10.1002/jlcr.3197)
- Kothayer, H. et al. 2013. Design, synthesis and in vitro anticancer evaluation of 4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-carbohydrazides and -carboxamides. Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 23(24), pp. 6886-6889. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.087)
- Sanders, M. A. et al. 2013. Novel inhibitors of Rad6 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme: Design, synthesis, identification, and functional characterization. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 12(4), pp. 373-383. (10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0793)
- Hamdy, R. et al. 2013. Synthesis and evaluation of 3-(benzylthio)-5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-4-amines as Bcl-2 inhibitory anticancer agents. Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 23(8), pp. 2391-2394. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.029)
- Westwell, A. D., Hutchings, A. and Caldicott, D. G. E. 2013. The identification and chemical characterization of a new arylcyclohexylamine, methoxetamine, using a novel Emergency Department toxicosurveillance tool. Drug Testing and Analysis 5(3), pp. 203-207. (10.1002/dta.1375)
- Karaaslan, C., Kadri, H., Coban, T., Suzen, S. and Westwell, A. D. 2013. Synthesis and antioxidant properties of substituted 2-phenyl-1H-indoles. Biorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 23(9), pp. 2671-2674. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.090)
- Weekes, A. A., Frydrych, J. and Westwell, A. D. 2013. Convenient synthesis of substituted 2-phenylbenzothiazoles using solid-supported triphenylphosphine. Synthetic Communications 43(19), pp. 2656-2662. (10.1080/00397911.2012.730648)
- Tekiner-Gulbas, B., Westwell, A. D. and Suzen, S. 2013. Oxidative stress in carcinogenesis: new synthetic compounds with dual effects upon free radicals and cancer. Current Medicinal Chemistry 20(36), pp. 4451-4459. (10.2174/09298673113203690142)
- Soukupova, J., Brancale, A., Westwell, A. D. and Clarkson, R. W. E. 2012. Inhibitors of Bcl-3 as a novel therapeutic strategy for HER2+ breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer 48(5), pp. S225-S225.
- Md Tohid, S. F., Ziedan, N. I., Stefanelli, F., Fogli, S. and Westwell, A. D. 2012. Synthesis and evaluation of indole-containing 3,5-diarylisoxazoles as potential pro-apoptotic antitumour agents. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 56, pp. 263-270. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.08.009)
- Cottens, S. et al. 2011. Ask the experts: future of the pharmaceutical industry. Future Medicinal Chemistry 3(15) (10.4155/fmc.11.145)
- Altug, C. et al. 2011. An efficient one-pot multicomponent approach to 5-amino-7-aryl-8-nitrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyridines. Tetrahedron 67(49), pp. 9522-9528. (10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.005)
- Weekes, A. A., Bagley, M. C. and Westwell, A. D. 2011. An efficient synthetic route to biologically relevant 2-phenylbenzothiazoles substituted on the benzothiazole ring. Tetrahedron 67(40), pp. 7743-7747. (10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.004)
- Ziedan, N. I., Stefanelli, F., Fogli, S. and Westwell, A. D. 2010. Design, synthesis and pro-apoptotic antitumour properties of indole-based 3,5-disubstituted oxadiazoles. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45(10), pp. 4523-4530. (10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.07.012)
- Brahemi, G. et al. 2010. Exploring the structural requirements for inhibition of the ubiquitin E3 ligase breast cancer associated protein 2 (BCA2) as a treatment for breast cancer. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 53(7), pp. 2757-2765. (10.1021/jm901757t)
- Chew, E. et al. 2010. Cinnamaldehydes inhibit thioredoxin reductase and induce Nrf2: potential candidates for cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 48(1), pp. 98-111. (10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.028)
- Weekes, A. A., Dix, M. C., Bagley, M. C. and Westwell, A. D. 2010. Rapid and convenient thermal or microwave-assisted synthesis of substituted 2-Phenylbenzothiazoles. Synthetic Communications 40(20), pp. 3027-3032. (10.1080/00397910903353739)
- Brahemi, G., Burger, A. M., Westwell, A. and Brancale, A. 2010. Homology Modelling of Human E1 Ubiquitin Activating Enzyme. Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 7(1), pp. 57-62. (10.2174/157018010789869316)
- Bruyere, H., Westwell, A. and Jones, A. T. 2010. Tuning the pH sensitivities of orthoester based compounds for drug delivery applications by simple chemical modification. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20(7), pp. 2200-2203. (10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.035)
- Daniels, S., Md Tohid, S. F., Velanguparackel, W. and Westwell, A. 2010. The role and future potential of fluorinated biomarkers in positron emission tomography. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery 5(3), pp. 291-304. (10.1517/17460441003652967)
- Gan, F. F. et al. 2009. Structure-activity analysis of 2 '-modified cinnamaldehyde analogues as potential anticancer agents. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 387(4), pp. 741-747. (10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.104)
- Weekes, A. A. and Westwell, A. 2009. 2-Arylbenzothiazole as a Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery. Current Medicinal Chemistry 16(19), pp. 2430-2440.
- Kadri, H., Dale, T. C., Ewan, K. B. R. and Westwell, A. 2008. The design, synthesis and antitumour evaluation of novel small molecule inhibitors of the Dishevelled PDZ domain [Poster Presentation/Abstract]. EJC Supplements 6(12), pp. 137., article number: 436. (10.1016/S1359-6349(08)72370-X)
- Huber, K. et al. 2008. 2- [(1-methylpropyl)dithio] -1H-imidazole inhibits tubulin polymerization through cysteine oxidation. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 7(1), pp. 143-151. (10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0486)
- Aiello, S. et al. 2008. Synthesis and biological properties of benzothiazole, benzoxazole, and chromen-4-one analogues of the potent antitumor agent 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (PMX 610, NSC 721648). Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 51(16), pp. 5135-5139. (10.1021/jm800418z)
- Kadri, H., Matthews, C. S., Bradshaw, T. D., Stevens, M. F. G. and Westwell, A. 2008. Synthesis and antitumour evaluation of novel 2-phenylbenzimidazoles. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 23(5), pp. 641-647. (10.1080/14756360802205398)
- Westwell, A. 2008. Advances in Cancer Drug Discovery - A British Association for Cancer Research Meeting. IDrugs 11(11), pp. 783-786.
- White, A. W., Westwell, A. and Brahemi, G. 2008. Protein-protein interactions as targets for small-molecule therapeutics in cancer. Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 10(e8), pp. 1-14. (10.1017/S1462399408000641)
- Callister, M. et al. 2008. PMX464, a thiol-reactive quinol and putative thioredoxin inhibitor, inhibits NF-kappa B-dependent proinflammatory activation of alveolar epithelial cells. British Journal of Pharmacology 155(5), pp. 661-672. (10.1038/bjp.2008.258)
- Ziedan, N., Kadri, H. and Westwell, A. 2008. The development of pro-apoptotic cancer therapeutics. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 8(7), pp. 711-718.
- Ziedan, N., Westwell, A. and Fogli, S. 2008. Design and synthesis of novel indole derivatives as selective apoptosis-inducers. EJC Supplements 6(12), pp. 45-46.
- Brahemi, G., Fiasella, A., Brancale, A., Westwell, A. and Burger, A. 2008. Design and synthesis of BCA2 inhibitors. EJC Supplements 6(12), pp. 44.
- Matsuura, T., Harrison, R. A., Westwell, A., Nakamura, H., Martynyuk, A. E. and Sumners, C. 2007. Basal and angiotensin II-inhibited neuronal delayed-rectifier K+ current are regulated by thioredoxin. American Journal of Physiology -Cell Physiology 293(1), pp. C211-C217. (10.1152/ajpcell.00615.2006)
- Athanasiou, A. et al. 2007. Cannabinoid receptor agonists are mitochondrial inhibitors: A unified hypothesis of how cannabinoids modulate mitochondrial function and induce cell death. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 364(1), pp. 131-137. (10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.107)
- Athanasiou, A. et al. 2007. Vanilloid receptor agonists and antagonists are mitochondrial inhibitors: how vanilloids cause non-vanilloid receptor mediated cell death. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 354(1), pp. 50-55. (10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.179)
- Henriksen, G., Hauser, A. I., Westwell, A., Yousefi, B. H., Schwaiger, M., Drzezga, A. and Wester, H. J. 2007. Metabolically stabilized benzothiazoles for imaging of amyloid plaques. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 50(6), pp. 1087-1089. (10.1021/jm061466g)
- Shah, P. and Westwell, A. 2007. The role of fluorine in medicinal chemistry. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 22(5), pp. 527-540. (10.1080/14756360701425014)
- Westwell, A. D., Mortimer, C., Wells, G. and Crochard, J. 2006. Antitumor benzothiazoles. 26. 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (GW 610, NSC 721648), a simple fluorinated 2-arylbenzothiazole, shows potent and selective inhibitory activity against lung, colon, and breast cancer cell lines. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 49(1), pp. 179-185. (10.1021/jm050942k)
- Westwell, A. D., Berry, J., Bradshaw, T. and Fichtner, I. 2005. Quinols as novel therapeutic agents. 2. 4-(1-Arylsulfonylindol-2-yl)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ones and related agents as potent and selective antitumor agents. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 48(2), pp. 639-644. (10.1021/jm040859h)
- Westwell, A. D., Wells, G., Berry, J. and Bradshaw, T. 2003. 4-Substituted-4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ones with selective activities against colon and renal cancer cell lines. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 46(4), pp. 532-541. (10.1021/jm020984y)
- Hutchinson, I., Chua, M., Browne, H. L., Trapani, V., Bradshaw, T. D., Westwell, A. D. and Stevens, M. F. G. 2001. Antitumor benzothiazoles. 14. Synthesis and in vitro biological properties of fluorinated 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 44(9), pp. 1446-1455. (10.1021/jm001104n)
Books
- Westwell, A. D. ed. 2016. Fluorinated pharmaceuticals: advances in medicinal chemistry. Future Medicine. (10.4155/9781909453968)
Websites
- Edwards, D. et al. 2022. A rapid scoping review of harm reduction strategies for ecstasy (MDMA) users in recreational settings. [Online]. Research Square: Research Square. (10.21203/rs.3.rs-2178425/v1) Available at: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2178425/v1
Research
Research interests
Having trained in synthetic organic chemistry, the main focus of my research activities in recent years has been in the area of medicinal chemistry and cancer drug discovery.
I am a medicinal chemist with extensive experience of the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of small molecules for drug discovery and diagnostics. My research interests can be divided into the following categories:
- Anti-metastatic drug discovery (Bcl-3 inhibition)
- Targeting cancer stem cells for selective apoptosis (c-Flip inhibition)
- New theranostic pro-nucleotides (ProTides)
- New drug candidates targeting schistosomiasis
- Characterisation of novel psychoactive substances, from a harm reduction perspective
Cancer drug design and discovery
Previously I have been involved in a variety of cancer drug discovery projects, using cell-based screening methods to identify new compounds of interest. One of these discovery projects has resulted in the identification of a new agent that progressed to clinical trial (Phortress). Current research interests are directed towards the following areas:
- protein-protein interaction targets in cancer
- selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells
- Diagnostic imaging in cancer using Positron Emission Tomography.
- Characterisation of novel psychoactive substances (WEDINOS Project), carried out in conjunction with Public Health Wales and Cardiff & Vale University Health Board (Llandough Hospital).
Collaborators
Cardiff University
- Prof. Andrea Brancale (University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague)
- Prof. Richard Clarkson (School of Biosciences)
- Prof. Arwyn Jones (School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences)
- Dr. Stephen Hiscox (School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences)
External
- Josie Smith, Dean Acreman, Joanne Rogers, Mary Busby (WEDINOS project, Public Health Wales and NHS Wales)
- Prof. Karl Hoffmann (Aberystwyth University, Wales)
Key Expertise
- Medicinal chemistry and drug design
- Analytical drug characterisation
Current research funding
- 2020-21 Cancer Research Wales: Development of new PROTACs.
- 2012- Public Health Wales (Welsh Government) / NHS Wales: New Psychoactive Substances Project – Action in Wales. Contribution: drug analysis by NMR spectroscopy.
Teaching
- PH1125 Chemical and biological properties of drug molecules
- PH2112 Principles of drug design
- PH3115 Optimisation of drug design
- PH3202 Research methodology
- PH4116 Pharmacy research or scholarship project
- PH4117 Pharmaceutical sciences, pharmacy practice and the population (module lead)
Biography
Career profile
I graduated with a degree in Chemistry from the University of Leeds in 1990, and then completed a PhD in synthetic organic chemistry from the same department under the supervision of Professor Chris Rayner. Following a two-year postdoctoral position in the Department of Chemistry at Loughborough University under the supervision of Professor Jonathan Williams then Professor Chris Moody, I was appointed as a Research Fellow within the Cancer Research Laboratories at the University of Nottingham, with Professor Malcolm Stevens. I was appointed to a Cancer Research UK funded Lectureship in 2001 in the School of Pharmacy at Nottingham, and moved to the School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science in 2006 to take up a position as Senior Lecturer in Medicinal Chemistry. I was promoted to Reader in 2013, and Professor in 2016.
Scientific and professional service
I serve as an Independent Board member (University) for the Velindre University NHS Trust (since August 2021).
I chair the management board for the Cardiff Medicentre (https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/medicentre), a joint venture between Cardiff University and Cardiff & Vale University Health Board.
I am past-Treasurer for the British Association for Cancer Research, a charitable organisation of over 1000 cancer professionals, and have been involved in the organisation of a number of cancer research-related conferences.
Prizes / membership of professional bodies
-
Royal Society of Chemistry Malcolm Campbell memorial prize winner 2003 (with MFG Stevens and TD Bradshaw).
- Member of the British and European Associations for Cancer Research (BACR & EACR).
- I serve as a scientific board member for the PAMM (Pharmacology and Molecular Mechanisms) group, a laboratory division of the EORTC.
Contact Details
WestwellA@cardiff.ac.uk
+44 29208 75800
Redwood Building, Room 1.31B, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB
+44 29208 75800
Redwood Building, Room 1.31B, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB
Research themes
Specialisms
- Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry
